certificate biology new mastering basic … paper1.pdf · certificate biology new mastering basic...

Certificate Biology New Mastering Basic Concepts

Mock Exam IV Paper 1 © Oxford University Press 2005

Mock

CE-Bio

Name

Class

Class number

Teacher's Use Only

Section A Question No.

Marks

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Section A Total

Section B Question No.*

Marks

Section B Total

* To be filled in by the candidate.

CERTIFICATE BIOLOGY

NEW MASTERING BASIC CONCEPTS

MOCK EXAMINATION IV

BIOLOGY PAPER 1

Question-Answer Book

(1¾ hours)

This paper must be answered in English

1 Write your Name, Class and Class number in the spaces

provided on the right.

2 This paper consists of TWO sections, A and B.

3 Attempt ALL questions in Section A, and any TWO

questions in Section B.

4 Write your answers in the spaces provided in this

Question-Answer Book.

5 Write the question numbers of the questions you have

attempted in Section B in the spaces provided on the right.


Mock Exam IV Paper 1

© Oxford University Press 2005 - 1 -

The diagrams in this paper are NOT necessarily drawn to scale.

Section A (54 marks, plus 4 marks for effective communication)

Answer ALL questions in this section and write your answers in the spaces provided.

1 The photographs below show three living organisms, A, B and C.

A B C

a It is known that organism A can produce a toxin that causes food poisoning in

organism C. To which kingdom does organism A belong? State the structural features

that classify it into this kingdom. (2 marks)

b Describe one way by which organism C can physically prevent the entry of organism

A into the body. (1 mark)

c A student said that organisms B and C belong to different classes. Do you agree with

the student? Give a reason to support your answer. (2 marks)




d i The photograph below shows a can of tuna chunks which has a label about

organism B on the package. This label indicates that the tuna are caught by

methods that avoid any death or harm to organism B. Suggest a reason why this

label is necessary. (Hint: schools of tuna usually swim directly below organism

B in the ocean.) (2 marks)

ii Suggest another way to save organism B. (1 mark)

Total: 8 marks




2 The diagrams below show six types of cells, A to F, found in the human body.

A B C

D E F

a Fill in the following dichotomous key for identifying the cells above. (3 marks)

1a Long and thin Go to 2

1b Not long and thin Go to 3

2a With a tail i

2b Without a tail ii

3a With a nucleus Go to 4

3b Without a nucleus iii

4a Large nucleus iv

4b Small nucleus Go to 5

5a Spherical-shaped v

5b Not spherical-shaped vi




b i How does cell F differ from cell B in terms of the genetic content? (1 mark)

ii With reference to your answer to bi, explain the importance of this difference.

(2 marks)

c ‘Ecstasy’ is a drug commonly abused. Long-term use can cause memory loss and

inability to perform simple task. The damage cannot be repaired.

i Which type of cells, A to F, is damaged by ‘Ecstasy’? (1 mark)

ii Explain why the damage made by the 'Ecstasy' cannot be repaired. (1 mark)

Total: 8 marks




3 The table below shows the average Air Pollution Index (API) in three districts, X, Y and

Z, in Hong Kong from 2002 to 2004.

District API in 2002 API in 2003 API in 2004

X 36 38 44

Y 44 48 53

Z 40 42 48

The photographs, A, B and C, below were taken from the three districts.

Photograph A

Photograph B

Photograph C

a Which photograph was taken from district Y? Explain your answer. (3 marks)




b The calculation of API is based on the concentrations of the major pollutants present

in the air. Suggest one of these pollutants and state how it affects our health.

(2 marks)

c Describe the change in average API in the three districts from 2002 to 2004. Suggest

two reasons for the change. (3 marks)

Total: 8 marks




4 Mary is a 17-year-old girl. Her daily energy needs is 9000 kJ. In order to get slim, she

tried the diet below. After two days, Mary began to feel dizzy.

Menu

Energy (kJ)

Breakfast Skimmed milk (1 glass) 360

Whole wheat bread (2 pieces) 550

Skimmed cheese (1 slice) 50

Lunch Chicken leg without skin (1) 1600

Apple (1) 230

Dinner Whole wheat bread (2 pieces) 550

Vegetables (300 g) 250

Orange (1) 210

a Suggest why Mary felt dizzy after following the menu. (3 marks)

b Whole wheat bread is usually suggested to replace white bread in diet menus.

Suggest a reason for this. (1 mark)

c In the menu, apples, oranges and vegetables are rich in a certain kind of vitamin.

i What is this vitamin? (1 mark)




ii Design an experiment to compare the amount of this vitamin in apples, oranges

and vegetables. (4 marks)

Total: 9 marks




5 The photograph below shows the organism, X, which causes avian flu.

X

Source: Centre for Health Protection

a State the structural feature of organism X. (1 mark)

b Explain why some biologists regard organism X as a non-living thing. (2 marks)

c State two reasons why it is so difficult to develop a vaccine for humans to defend

against organism X. (2 marks)




d The poster below advises the public not to touch live poultry.

Based on the photograph in the poster, state two preventive measures that have been

taken to minimize the risk of spreading avian flu and their underlying principles.

(4 marks)

Total: 9 marks




6 The photomicrograph below shows part of the lower epidermis of the leaf from a

terrestrial dicotyledonous plant under a light microscope. The area shown in the

photomicrograph is 0.1 mm2.

B

A

a Calculate the stomatal density of the lower epidermis of the leaf. Show your working.

(2 marks)

b How will cell A change if the plant is put under sunlight? Explain your answer.

(2 marks)

c State two structural differences between cells A and B. (2 marks)




d If the lower epidermis of the leaf shown in the photograph below is taken and

observed under a light microscope, how will it differ from the photomicrograph

shown in the previous page? (1 mark)

Total: 7 marks




7 The photograph below shows a local food product which has ‘No GMO ingredients’

labelled on the package.

a Briefly describe what genetic engineering is. (2 marks)

b Give two potential benefits of developing GM food. (2 marks)

c Suggest a reason why the food manufacturer make this label on the food package.

(1 mark)

Total: 5 marks




Section B (36 marks, plus 2 marks for effective communication)

Answer any TWO questions. All questions in this section carry equal marks. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

8 a Some washing powders contain proteases. To compare the protease activity in three

brands of washing powders (A, B and C), four wells were made on a milk-agar plate.

Washing powder solutions of different brands and distilled water were added to each

well.

The plate was then incubated at 35 oC for two hours. Clear zones were observed

around some wells as shown below:

A

B C

D

well containing

brand A washing

powder solution

well containing

brand B washing

powder solution well containing

brand C washing

powder solution

well containing

distilled water

clear zone

milk-agar plate

i What is the purpose of setting up well D? (1 mark)

ii Explain the formation of clear zones in the milk agar. (2 marks)




iii Which brand of washing powder has the highest protease activity? Explain your

answer. (2 marks)

iv Why are proteases added to washing powders? (1 mark)

v Other than proteases, give another enzyme that is usually added to washing

powders? What is the use of this enzyme? (2 marks)

vi The enzymes in washing powders are produced using micro-organisms. What is

the advantage of it? (2 marks)

Total: 10 marks




8 b Read the news below and answer the questions that follow.

23 October 2004

Five men and seven women developed symptoms of ciguatoxin poisoning, including limbs numbness, diarrhoea and abdominal pain, after eating hump head wrasse in a sea food restaurant yesterday. The Department of Health reminded the public to be extra cautious when eating large coral reef fish. To prevent ciguatera fish poisoning, a spokesman of the department advised the following:

♦ eating fewer coral reef fish

♦ avoid eating the liver, guts, head and skin of coral reef fish

♦ buying coral reef fish from reputable and licensed shops

i Explain why ciguatera fish poisoning is more likely caused by eating large coral

reef fish. (4 marks)

ii Why did the spokesman suggest the public not to eat the liver, guts, head and

skin of coral reef fish? (1 mark)




iii A student said that it would be safe if we cook the coral reef fish thoroughly

before eating. Do you agree with this student? Give a reason to support your

answer. (2 marks)

iv Suggest another substance that can harm the top consumer in the way that is

similar to ciguatoxin. (1 mark)

Total: 8 marks




9 a The seed coats of the seeds produced from a pea plant are either smooth or wrinkled.

This character is controlled by a pair of alleles.

i The diagram below shows the inheritance of the shape of seed coat in pea plants.

Using the letter R for the dominant allele and r for the recessive allele,

complete the diagram below. (5 marks)

Plant A Plant B

Parents

(both

pure-breeding) smooth seed coat

wrinkled seed coat

Genotypes of

parents (1) (2)

Genotypes of

gametes (3) (4) (5) (6)

All the F1

Genotype of F1 (7)

Genotypes of

gametes (8) (9)

self-pollination

A representative

portion of F2

seeds

Plant X Plant Y

Genotype of

plant Y (10)

ii If plant Y is crossed with one of the F1 plants, how many percents of the

offspring will produce seeds with smooth seed coats? Explain your answer

without using a genetic diagram. (3 marks)




iii Describe how we can find out the genotype of plant X. (3 marks)

Total: 11 marks




9 b The diagram below shows the mammalian eye in section.

i On the diagram,

(1) by means of the letter A, label the structure that contains light sensitive

cells. (1 mark)

(2) by means of the letter B, label the structures that supply nutrients to the

lens directly. (1 mark)

(3) by means of the letter C, label the structure that will reduce its size if a

person goes from a dark room into bright light. (1 mark)

ii With reference to the change in i (3),

(1) state the significance of this response. (2 marks)

(2) name the stimulus, receptor, coordinator and effector in the diagram below.

(2 marks)

� � �

stimulus receptor coordinator effector

Total: 7 marks




10 a The photograph below is a chest X-ray of a person.

S

PQ

R

i Name structures P and S. State a function of each of them. (4 marks)

ii Explain why structure Q appears black in the X-ray photograph. (1 mark)

iii In a traffic accident, most structure S of the man were broken. What would

happen to the man? Explain your answer. (3 marks)




iv (1) Name structure R. (1 mark)

(2) With reference to the X-ray photograph, describe which phase structure R

is in. Explain your answer. (2 marks)

Total: 11 marks




10 b The photographs below show two fossil fish obtained from different layers of a

sedimentary rock. Fossil fish A was taken from the lower layer of the rock while

fossil fish B was taken from the upper layer.

Fossil fish A Fossil fish B

i Briefly describe how the fossil fish were formed. (2 marks)

ii Which fossil fish would have a longer history? Explain your answer. (3 marks)

iii What is the importance of fossils in the theory of evolution? (2 marks)

Total: 7 marks

END OF PAPER



Suggested answers for Mock Exam IV Biology Paper 1

Section A

1 a Prokaryotes (Organism A is Staphylococcus Aureus) (1m)

Organisms of this group consist of a single cell (0.5m)

but do not have any true nucleus. (0.5m)

b Organism C has skin covering the whole body. (0.5m)

The epidermis of the skin can prevent organism A from entering through the

body surface. / (0.5m)

In the respiratory tract of organism C, mucus is present (0.5m)

to trap organism A from the incoming air. (0.5m)

c No. The student is wrong. (0.5m)

Organisms B and C are mammals (0.5m)

because they both have mammary glands. (1m)

d i Thousands of organism B (dolphin) may be caught and killed unintentionally

by fishermen who want to catch the tuna swimming below them. (1m)

They are in danger of becoming extinct. (0.5m)

It is necessary to save the dolphins so as to protect the biodiversity. (0.5m)

(extra 1m for effective communication)

ii Educate the public about the importance of saving dolphins. /

Laws should be made to prevent people from killing dolphins.

(or any other reasonable answers) (1m)

Total: 8+1m

2 a i Cell D (0.5m)

ii Cell C (0.5m)

iii Cell A (0.5m)

iv Cell E (0.5m)

v Cell F (0.5m)

vi Cell B (0.5m)

b i Cell F has only one set of chromosomes (i.e. haploid) (0.5m)

while cell B has two sets of chromosomes (i.e. diploid). (0.5m)

ii The diploid number of chromosomes can be restored in the zygote (1m)

when cell F and a sperm fuse at fertilization. (1m)

c i Cell C (1m)

ii Cell C is unable to undergo cell division to replace the damaged cells. (1m)

Total: 8m

Page 1 / 6



3 a Photograph C (1m)

The average API in district Y is the highest among the three districts. (1m)

District Y should be an industrial area where large amounts of air pollutants

were released which accounts for the high API recorded. (1m)

b Nitrogen dioxide

It irritates lungs and lowers resistance to respiratory infection. /

Sulphur dioxide

It causes impairment of respiratory function, aggravation of existing respiratory

disease and cardiovascular disease. /

Ozone

It irritates eyes and mucus membranes of nose, throat and airways. It also increases

susceptibility to respiratory infection. /

Carbon monoxide

It is associated with visual impairment, reduced work capacity, reduced mental

function. /

Respirable suspended particulates

It causes shortness of breath, coughing, aggravation of existing respiratory disease

and damage to lung tissues.

(any one pollutant and its harmful effect) (1m + 1m)

c The average API in all three districts increases steadily from 2002 to 2004. (1m)

The amount of air pollutants emitted from the local power plants became

larger and larger due to the increased electricity demand in these few years. (1m)

The rapid industrial development in Guangdong produced a large amount of air

pollutants which were carried to Hong Kong by wind. (1m)

(or any other reasonable answers)


Total: 8+1m

4 a The total energy (3800 kJ) provided by the menu is far less than the daily energy

needs of Mary. (1m)

It is mainly due to insufficient carbohydrates (glucose) in the diet. (1m)

Lowering of blood glucose level in Mary's body and hence dizziness resulted. (1m)

b Whole wheat bread contains less fat than white bread. /

Whole wheat bread is rich in dietary fibres which facilitate the peristalsis of the

alimentary canal, thereby lowering the risk of developing constipation and colon

cancer. /

A lot of nutrients are lost during the processing of white bread while whole wheat

bread keeps most of the nutrients.

(any 1) (1m)

Page 2 / 6 Page 2 / 6



c i Vitamin C (1m)

ii 1. Grind small pieces of apple in a mortar with a small known quantity

of cool distilled water. (0.5m)

2. Filter the ground material with a filter paper and funnel. Collect the

filtrate. (0.5m)

3. Put 1 cm3 of DCPIP solution in a test tube. (0.5m)

4. Use a dropper to add the filtrate, drop by drop, to the DCPIP solution

until the solution is decolourized. Record the number of drops of

filtrate added. (0.5m)

5. Repeat steps 1 to 4 with oranges and vegetables. (0.5m)

6. Repeat steps 3 and 4 with distilled water. It is a control. (0.5m)

7. Compare the number of drops of filtrate from apples, oranges and

vegetables added. (0.5m)

8. The fewer the number of drops of filtrate added, the more

concentrated the vitamin C in the fruits and vegetables. (0.5m)

(extra 1m for effective communication) Total: 9+1m

5 a Organism X (virus) only consists of genetic materials (0.5m)

surrounded by a protein coat. (0.5m)

b Outside the host, organism X does not show the seven characteristics of living

organisms: (1m)

respiration, excretion, nutrition, growth, movement, irritability and reproduction. (1m)

c Different flu involve different stains of viruses. /

New strains of flu viruses are developed quickly. /

Difficult to collect sufficient viruses.

(any 2) (1m each)

d Gloves should be worn when handling poultry (1m)

to avoid contacting the poultry directly. (1m)

Do not keep excessive number of live poultry (1m)

to avoid obstructing air ventilation. (1m)

Total: 9m

6 a Stomatal density = 3 stomata/0.1 mm2 (1m)

= 30 stomata per mm2 (1m)

b Under sunlight, there is a net water movement into cell A (guard cell). (0.5m)

Cell A becomes turgid. Due to the uneven thickening of the cell wall, (0.5m+0.5m)

cell A becomes semicircular in shape i.e. the stoma opens wider. (0.5m)


Page 1 / 6 Page 3 / 6



c Cell A (guard cell) has chloroplasts while cell B (epidermal cell) does not. (1m)

The inner cell wall of cell A is thicker than its outer cell wall while the cell

wall of cell B is evenly thin. (1m)

d No stomata will be observed. (1m)

Total: 7+1m

7 a Genetic engineering refers to a set of technologies that are being used to

change the genetic make-up of cells (1m)

or move genes across species to produce new organisms. (1m)

b Increase crop yield /

Increase the tolerance of crops to adverse growing conditions /

Improve the nutrient composition of crops /

Provide resistance to crop pest /

Improve the flavour and texture of food /

Eliminate allergy-causing properties in some food

(any 2) (1m each)

c To attract consumers. /

GM food may harm our health. /

Production of GM food is not ethical.

(any other reasonable answers) (1m)

Total: 5m

Section B

8 a i It is a control to show that the formation of clear zones is due to the

washing powder solutions. (1m)

ii Proteases in the washing powder solutions break down the white milk

protein nearby. (1m)

As a result, the areas around the wells containing washing powder

solutions become clear. (1m)


iii Brand A (1m)

The clear zone around well A was the largest. (1m)

iv To remove food stains that contain proteins more effectively. (1m)

v Lipase (1m)

It can remove oily stains. (1m)

vi Large amounts of enzymes can be produced in a shorter time, (1m)

thereby lowering the cost of production. (1m)

Total: 10+1m

Page 4 / 6



8 b i The toxin comes from micro-organisms that grow on coral reef. (1m)

The toxin passes up the food chain from herbivorous fish, carnivorous fish,

predatory fish and finally to man. (1m)

The toxin becomes more concentrated as it moves up the food chain. (1m)

The larger the fish, the higher the concentration of toxin inside the fish. (1m)


ii The ciguatoxin accumulates more in liver, guts, head and skin of the fish. (1m)

iii No. (1m)

It is because the toxin cannot be destroyed by high temperatures. (1m)

iv DDT (1m)

Total: 8+1m

9 a i (1) RR (2) rr (3) R (4) R (5) r

(6) r (7) Rr (8) R (9) r (10) rr (0.5m each)

ii All the gametes produced by plant Y (rr) are with genotype r only (0.5m)

while half of the gametes produced by F1 plant are with genotype R and half

with genotype r. (0.5m)

When the gametes from plant Y and the gametes from F1 plant randomly

fuse during fertilization, (1m)

50% of the offspring will produce seeds with smooth seed coats (i.e. Rr) (1m)


iii Backcross it with a homozygous recessive plant (i.e. plant Y). (1m)

If all the offspring produce seeds with smooth seed coats, then the

genotype of plant X is RR. (1m)

If about half of the offspring produce seeds with smooth seed coats and half

produce seeds with wrinkled seed coats, then the genotype of plant X is Rr.

(1m)

Total: 11+1m

9 b i (1)-(3) Correct labelling of A, B and C (1m each)

A

BC

Page 5 / 6



ii (1) This can prevent too much light from entering the eyeballs (1m)

which may damage or over-stimulate the retina. (1m)


(2) stimulus: light (0.5m)

receptor: retina (0.5m)

coordinator: brain (0.5m)

effector: iris muscles (0.5m)

Total: 7+1m

10 a i Structure P is the vertebral column / backbone. (1m)

It supports the body weight / protects the spinal cord. (1m)

Structure S is the rib. (1m)

It protects the lungs / protects the heart / assists in breathing movement. (1m)

ii The tissues of structure Q (lung) allow X-ray to pass through and so no

shadow is left on the film. (1m)

iii The man might die of suffocation. (1m)

Structure S could not move and thus unable to cause structure Q to expand. (1m)

Air could not rush into structure Q and no gas exchange occurred. (1m)


iv (1) Heart (1m)

(2) Structure R is in the relaxation / dilation phase. (1m)

It is because the border of the left ventricle has shifted further to the

left. (1m)

Total: 11+1m

10 b i The fossils were formed from fish remains that were quickly buried in

the mud and sand at the bottom of rivers, lakes and oceans. (1m)

After millions of years, the weight of the upper layers of sediment

pressing down on the lower layers turned the mud and sand into rock.

The fish became fossils and preserved in the rock. (1m)

ii Fossil fish A should have a longer history than fossil fish B. (1m)

The sedimentary rock is formed by depositing one layer of sand and mud

over the top of another. (1m)

The lower layer is the older rock that contains the earlier fossils. (1m)


iii The fossils provide evidence that evolution has taken place. (1m)

The fossil record shows succession of organisms through time, i.e.

changing from simpler life forms to more complex life forms. (1m)

Total: 7+1m

Page 6 / 7 Page 6 / 6

END

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