certs hydrogen presentation - clean energy …...microsoft powerpoint - certs hydrogen presentation...
TRANSCRIPT
Outline Outline
�� Hydrogen BasicsHydrogen Basics
�� Hydrogen SafetyHydrogen Safety
�� WCROC Phase 1WCROC Phase 1
Hydrogen BasicsHydrogen Basics
�� Discovered by Henry Cavendish in 1766Discovered by Henry Cavendish in 1766
�� Most abundant element in the universeMost abundant element in the universe
�� Makes up 90% of the universe by weightMakes up 90% of the universe by weight
�� Simplest of all elementsSimplest of all elements
�� 3 forms:3 forms:
�� Protium (most common)Protium (most common)
�� Deuterium (heavy hydrogen, 1/6700)Deuterium (heavy hydrogen, 1/6700)
�� Tritium (unstable, radioactive)Tritium (unstable, radioactive)
Basics (cont.)Basics (cont.)
�� Atoms mostly made up of empty spaceAtoms mostly made up of empty space
�� Electron orbit 100,000 times as large as nucleusElectron orbit 100,000 times as large as nucleus
�� Proton weighs 1800X more than electronProton weighs 1800X more than electron
�� Not found as a free elementNot found as a free element
PropertiesProperties
�� Can exist as a liquid, gas, or solidCan exist as a liquid, gas, or solid
�� Gas at NTPGas at NTP
�� Boiling point (Boiling point (-- 423 423 ooF, F, --253 253 ooC, 20 K)C, 20 K)
�� Melting Point (Melting Point (--434 434 ooF, F, --259 259 ooC, 14 K)C, 14 K)
�� Pure Hydrogen in colorless, odorless, tastelessPure Hydrogen in colorless, odorless, tasteless
�� Hydrogen stream is almost invisible in daylightHydrogen stream is almost invisible in daylight
Properties (cont.)Properties (cont.)
�� Density: 0.005209 lb/ftDensity: 0.005209 lb/ft3 3
�� Specific volume: 192 ftSpecific volume: 192 ft33/lb/lb
�� 1,436 gallons to make 1 lb of H1,436 gallons to make 1 lb of H22
�� As a liquid:As a liquid:
�� Specific volume: 0.226 ftSpecific volume: 0.226 ft33/lb/lb
�� 1.69 gallons to make 1 lb of H1.69 gallons to make 1 lb of H22
SafetySafety
�� No more or less dangerous than any other fuelNo more or less dangerous than any other fuel
�� Different safety concernsDifferent safety concerns
�� Leaks Leaks
�� 1/14 as dense as air1/14 as dense as air
�� Molecules are very small and very lightMolecules are very small and very light
�� Disperses very quicklyDisperses very quickly
Flammability and FiresFlammability and Fires
�� 3 things needed for a 3 things needed for a
fire: oxygen (oxidizer), fire: oxygen (oxidizer),
fuel, and source of fuel, and source of
ignitionignition
�� Flammability limitsFlammability limits
�� 4.1% to 94 % with pure 4.1% to 94 % with pure
oxygenoxygen
�� Fires burn quickerFires burn quicker
�� Combustion must be Combustion must be
containedcontained
�� Explosion range (15%Explosion range (15%--
59%)59%)
Fires (cont)Fires (cont)
�� Burns hotterBurns hotter
�� Minimum spark energy: Minimum spark energy:
0.017 mJ (gasoline 0.017 mJ (gasoline -- 0.24 0.24
mJ, methane mJ, methane –– 0.29 mJ)0.29 mJ)
�� Flames is pale blue and Flames is pale blue and
almost invisible in almost invisible in
daylightdaylight
Hydrogen FlamesHydrogen Flames
�� Fires burn verticalFires burn vertical
�� Can be extinguished like Can be extinguished like
any other fireany other fire
�� Dry powder retardantDry powder retardant
�� COCO22 extinguisherextinguisher
�� Fire blanketFire blanket
PurgingPurging
�� Nitrogen must be introduced into the system Nitrogen must be introduced into the system
before hydrogen can be let in to rid the system before hydrogen can be let in to rid the system
of oxidizersof oxidizers
EmbrittlementEmbrittlement
�� EmbrittlementEmbrittlement
�� Greater than 7% nickel, copper, alloys (brass, bronze, and Greater than 7% nickel, copper, alloys (brass, bronze, and
coppercopper--nickel), aluminum and its alloys can be used with nickel), aluminum and its alloys can be used with
austenitic stainless steelaustenitic stainless steel
Bad ImageBad Image
�� HindenburgHindenburg
�� ChallengerChallenger
�� HH--BombBomb
�� AsphyxiationAsphyxiation
WCROC Wind to HWCROC Wind to H22: PHASE 1: PHASE 1
�� 1.65 MW VESTAS V82 1.65 MW VESTAS V82
Wind TurbineWind Turbine
�� ElectrolyserElectrolyser
�� Hydrogen storage Hydrogen storage
containercontainer
�� Hydrogen fueled ICEHydrogen fueled ICE
Thank YouThank You
Cory MarquartCory Marquart
EngineerEngineer--Renewable Energy Research and Demonstration CenterRenewable Energy Research and Demonstration Center
University of Minnesota West Central Research and Outreach CenteUniversity of Minnesota West Central Research and Outreach Centerr
46352 State Hwy 32946352 State Hwy 329
Morris, MN 56267Morris, MN 56267
Phone: 320Phone: 320--589589--17111711
Fax: 320Fax: 320--589589--48704870
Email: Email: [email protected]@morris.umn.edu
Web: Web: http://wcroc.coafes.umn.eduhttp://wcroc.coafes.umn.edu