ces nc ii lmg9 p1 109

Learner’s Material

Department of Education

Republic of the Philippines

Grade 9

GOP – Textbook Funds

GOVERNMENT PROPERTY

NOT FOR SALE

ALLOTTED TO

District/ School: _________________________________________

Division _________________________________________________

First Year of Use: _________________________________________

Source of Fund (Year included):__________________________

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Technology & Livelihood Education– Grade 9 Learner’s Material First Edition, 2013 ISBN: ___________

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Br. Armin A. Luistro, FSC Undersecretary: Dina S. Ocampo, Ph.D. Assistant Secretary: Lorna Dig-Dino, Ph.D.

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Office Address: 2nd Floor Dorm G, Philsports Complex, Meralco

Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (02) 634-1054, 634-1072

E-mail Address: [email protected]

Development Team of the Learner’s Material

Consultant: Rosendo R. Rafael, Howard Mark N. Plete and Clodualdo V. Paiton

Authors:, Cris F. Diñozo Marvin A. Mendoza Teacher I Master Teacher I

Taytay National High School Community Vocational High School

Division of Rizal Division of Calapan City

Editors: Lando T. Guzman

Reviewers: Dr. Orlando E. Manuel, Dr. Fely L. Manuel, Dr. Romeo R. Vicmudo, Merham N. Abelardo, Arnel C. Anonical, Joel G. Castillo, Marvin A. Mendoza, and Lino A. Olit

Illustrators:

Subject Specialists: Albert B. Erni, James Julius M. Liquigan, Owen M. Milambiling

Management Team: Jocelyn DR Andaya, Bella O. Mariñas and Jose D. Tuguinayo Jr.

mailto:[email protected]

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

PECs ……………………………………………………………………………… 5

Environment and Market………………………………………………….. 21

Process and Delivery………………………………………………………… 33

Quarter I

Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… 33

Pre/Diagnostic LO1 …………………………………………………………….. 33

Information Sheet 1.1 ………………………………………………………….. 35

Self-Check 1.1 …………………………………………………………………… 37

Information Sheet 1.2 …………………………………………………………… 37

Self-Check 1.2 …………………………………………………………………… 42


Self-Check 1.3 …………………………………………………………………… 45

Activity Sheet 1.1 ……………………………………………………………….. 46

Self-Check 1.1 …………………………………………………………………… 48

Activity Sheet 1.2 ……………………………………………………………….. 49

Self-Check 1.2 …………………………………………………………………… 51

Activity 1.3 ………………………………………………………………………. 52

Self-Check 1.3 …………………………………………………………………… 54



Self-Check 2.1 …………………………………………………………………… 58

Activity Sheet 2.1 ……………………………………………………………….. 59

Self-Check 2.1 …………………………………………………………………… 61

Summative Assessment Quarter I ………………………………………….. 62

Quarter II

Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… 64


Activity Sheet 3.1 ……………………………………………………………….. 65

Self-Check 3.1 …………………………………………………………………… 68



Self-Check 4.1 …………………………………………………………………… 72

Activity Sheet 4.1 ……………………………………………………………….. 72

Self-Check 4.1 …………………………………………………………………… 73

Activity Sheet 4.2 ……………………………………………………………….. 74

Self-Check 4.2 …………………………………………………………………… 75

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Summative Assessment Quarter II ………………………………………… 77

Quarter III

Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… 79




Self-Check 1.2 …………………………………………………………………… 86


Self-Check 1.3 …………………………………………………………………… 92

Activity 1.1 ………………………………………………………………………. 93

Self-Check 1.1 …………………………………………………………………… 94



Self-Check 2.1 …………………………………………………………………… 103

Activity Sheet 2.1 ……………………………………………………………….. 103

Self-Check 2.1 …………………………………………………………………… 105

Activity Sheet 2.2 ……………………………………………………………….. 106

Self-Check 2.2 …………………………………………………………………… 107

Summative Assessment Quarter III ……………………………………….. 108

Quarter IV

Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… 110



Self-Check 3.1 …………………………………………………………………. 115

Information Sheet 3.2 ………………………………………………………… 116

Self-Check 3.2 …………………………………………………………………. 117

Activity Sheet 3.1 ……………………………………………………………… 117

Self-Check 3.1 …………………………………………………………………… 120

Information Sheet 3.3 ………………………………………………………… 122

Activity Sheet 3.2 …………………………………………………………….. 130

Self-Check 3.2 ………………………………………………………………….. 132

Pre/Diagnostic LO4 …………………………………………………………… 134

Activity Sheet 4.1 …………………………………………………………….. 134

Self-Check 4.1 ………………………………………………………………….. 135

Summative Assessment Quarter IV …………………………………… 136

Technical Terms …………………………………………………………….. 138

References …………………………………………………………………….. 141

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Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies

Have you ever thought running your own business? Entrepreneurship has

brought great success to some, but it's not a career path for all. Do you think you

can handle the stress and hard work that go with running a small business

enterprise? The key to succeed in a small business enterprise is your

entrepreneurial ability to produce the desired results. Before embarking on your first

business, it's worth spending some time evaluating your own preparedness for

entrepreneurship. Try to examine your own personality and compare it with the

Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) of a successful entrepreneur. Ask

yourself if you are ready to enter into the world of business. If your answer is yes,

take this reminder: “Successful entrepreneurs continuously develop and

improve their PECs”.

EXPLORE Your Understanding

Essential Question

- How does one ensure success in a chosen career?

Content Standard

- The learner demonstrates understanding of Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs)

Performance Standard

- The learner prepares an activity plan that addresses his/her development areas based on his/her PECs and improves further his/her areas of strength.

Guide Questions:

1. Why is there a need to assess ones personal characteristics, attributes, lifestyles, skills and traits?

2. What are the personal entrepreneurial competencies of a successful entrepreneur?

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3. Why is it necessary to compare ones personal characteristics, attributes, lifestyles, skills and traits to the personal entrepreneurial competencies of a successful entrepreneur?

4. How do you relate your PECs to the PECs of a successful entrepreneur?

5. Based on the data that you have gathered from the interview with the successful entrepreneur in your community, how do you develop your PECs?

6. Can you prepare an action plan that addresses your areas of development and strength based on your PECs?

7. How does your action plan help sustain your strong areas and or address your development areas based on your PECs?

Hello there! Are you ready to assess yourself to

become a successful entrepreneur in the future? As honest as

you could, please answer the pre-assessment below.

Pre- Assessment

A. Matching Type

Directionss: Column A lists the characteristics of a successful entrepreneur.

Draw a line from the items in Column A that connects the correct

definition of terms listed in Column B.

Column A Column B

1. Hardworking

2. Self-confident

a. Ability to set realistic targets.

b. Interest in money generation.

c. To succeed, one must believe in one’s self.

d. Working diligently and industriously.

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3. Profit-Oriented

4. Goal-Oriented

5. Persistent

6. Responds to feedback

7. Willing to listen

8. Committed

9. Reliable and has integrity

10. Risk-taker

e. Being able to listen to the advice of others.

f. Obtaining useful feedback and advice from

others.

g. Being patient and strives to achieve the

goal.

h. Ability to take measured or calculated risks.

i. Being honest, fair and trustworthy.

j. A major priority in the entrepreneur’s life.

Are you done? This time you will do another set of pre- assessment

which could give you a better understanding of what this module is all about.

Are you ready? So, let’s begin!

B. Multiple Choice.

Directionss: Read and study the situation that describes the entrepreneurial

characteristics or attributes. Answer the question by writing the

letter of your choice in your assignment notebook or in the answer

sheet provided.

Mrs. Gina Magno opens up her own retail business. She knows that her

personal entrepreneurial characteristics are insufficient to ensure a successful

operationalization of a business that she has in mind. Your answers to the

questions below will help in developing her PECs.

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1. What PECs must she possess if there are customers who complain about the

quality of her product?

a. Patience

b. Hardworking

c. Versatile

d. All of the above

2. Which of the following is NOT considered as a characteristic of an

entrepreneur?

a. Copes with failure

b. Dependent

c. Persistent

d. Opportunity seeker

3. If she wants to ensure a profitable business operation, what characteristic will

she maintain?

a. Commitment

b. Goal oriented

c. Futuristic


4. Mrs. Magno follows the advice of a friend to be flexible especially if she intends

to open a retail business. What PECs has been demonstrated by Mrs. Magno?

a. Self- confidence

b. Reliable and has integrity

c. Open to feedback

d. Persistent

5. She tells Mary, her best friend that she has a strong will and does not give up to

find a solution to a business problem. What PECs has been demonstrated by

Mrs. Magno?

a. Hard work

b. Persistence

c. Self-confidence

d. Risk- taking

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This time evaluate your own personal entrepreneurial

characteristics to determine whether you too, can become an

entrepreneur. If you are ready, you may begin!

C. Self- Assessment

Directionss: Below is a list of Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) of a

successful entrepreneur. Put a check mark on the 2nd column that

indicates your strong PECs. The check mark on the 3rd column are

those PECs that need to be developed.

Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies of an

Entrepreneur

My Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies

Strength

Needs to be Developed

Hardworking

Self-confident

Builds for the future

Profit-oriented

Goal-oriented

Persistent

Copes with failure

Responds to feedback

Demonstrates initiative

Willing to listen

Sets own standards

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Copes with uncertainty

Committed

Builds on strengths

Reliable and has integrity

Risk-taker

Did you enjoy examining yourself? You can become a successful

entrepreneur someday. Please don’t feel bad when you discover

that there are still to be developed. Continue your exploration to

find answers to these underdeveloped PECs.

Lesson1. Important Entrepreneurial Traits

The following are the fundamental characteristics of an entrepreneur:

1. Hard working: If you are determined to run your own business, you must

concentrate on your work either as a producer or a seller. The success of

your business depends on how much time and effort you will spend on it.

2. Self- Confidence: You must have a strong faith in your ability despite the

problems that you will encounter along the way.

3. Future-Oriented: Once a person enters in a line of business, you must

understand that you are in a non-stop contract that an entrepreneur should

understand. It may take several years to build up a business to a reasonable

standard. The goal for most successful business people is to build a secure

job and stable income for themselves based on their own ability.

4. Profit-Oriented: When you enter into the world of business, obviously, you

are looking for income because you know that this will be your bread and

butter not only for you but also for your family. Therefore, you must see to it

the business can generate income. Another plan of action is to expand your

own business through the use of your generated income.

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5. Goal-Oriented: An entrepreneur is forward looking. You have an advanced

preparation for your business. You set a long-term goal for the activities that

are needed, an extensive preparation for the production process and

procedures that you need to go through to acquire, human and non-human

resources. Everything in your business will have to be set clearly, organized,

and planned depending on the goal you want to achieve.

6. Persistence: Differences in opinion and judgment. Your opponent can be a

part of the rejection on what you intend to do for your endeavor. As an

entrepreneur, you must be firm, strong-willed, and stick or follow your own

belief.

7. Copes with Failure: “Learn from your mistakes”. As an entrepreneur, you

must learn how to deal with the frustrations and failures instead, turn these

into productive learning experiences.

8. Responds to Feedback or Open to Feedback: You must be concerned to

know how well you are doing and keep track of your performance. You must

obtain useful feedback and advice from others.

9. Take the Initiative: A successful entrepreneur takes the initiative. You must

put yourself in a position where you personally are responsible for the failure

or success of your business.

10. Willing to Listen: Take time to listen to the advice, suggestions, and

recommendations of fellow entrepreneurs. It will help your business grow.

11. Set your Own Standards: This involves developing and using logical, step-

by-step plans to reach the goals, or offering evaluation alternatives,

monitoring progress, and switching to successful strategies for the goal you

want to achieve. To be a successful entrepreneur you must take into

consideration that sales and production depend on your own standards.

12. Copes with Uncertainty: Pursue your vision to be a successful

entrepreneur, you should know how to handle unusual events that may

happen in the business which include problems in managing the workers,

problems on the delivery of goods and services, and the problems on

demand and production. You must be patient in dealing with these

uncertainties.

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13. Committed: You should know that in your business, personal needs,

attachment to your friends, families and relatives are set aside. You must

separate the money for your business from the amount that you need to

spend for personal obligations and lifestyles.

14. Builds on Strengths: Successful business people base their work on

strengths. Use your manual skills, knowledge in creating products or

services, knowledge in trade and industry, ability to make and use of a wide

network of contacts to build your business.

15. Reliable and has Integrity: An entrepreneur must build a good reputation,

possess the courage to do the right thing, do what you say, walk your talk, be

loyal, and be fair in dealing with the subordinates and costumers.

16. Risk-Taker: Risk sometimes cannot be anticipated. When misfortunes

happen, consider these as challenges and work them out and set good

alternatives. Risks may result to loss of your business or even bankruptcy.

FIRM UP your Understanding

Activity1: Aligning one’s PECs

Directionss: Choose from the list below the characteristics and traits that best

describe your own personal entrepreneurial characteristics. Find

ways on how to align them according to the personal entrepreneurial

characteristics of an entrepreneur which were discussed earlier.

Write your answer onthe activity sheet provided.

Creative Resourceful Persistent Organized Independent

Confident Risk taker Observant Competent Trustworthy

Optimistic Passionate Flexible Sensitive Committed

Dynamic Efficient Hardworking Decision-maker Reliable

Knowledgeable Persevering Decisive Strong–minded Courteous

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Example: My PECs

Try to design a concept map that indicates your traits,

characteristics and skills that you need to possess in order to become

a successful entrepreneur.

Activity 2. My PECs that need to be further improved

Directionss: At the center of the street are arrows where positive and negative

characteristics and traits are written. Pick out the positive PECs that

you are already strong at, and write them down on the blank arrows

on the left side. PECs written on the arrows at the right side are the

negative characteristics that need to be further improved.

My PECs

My simple definition

Things to do to align with

PECs of a successful

entrepreneur

1. Creative

2. Organized

3. Competent

4. Observant

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DEEPEN Your Understanding

Lesson 1 Strengthening your Identified PECs

Here are your guides on how to strengthen your own PECs.

1. React positively to criticisms and open to feedback.

2. Always demonstrate positive attitude to achieve a desired goal.

3. Always project strong and well-balanced behavior.

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4. Always exercise the assertive style in your work environment.

5. Avoid being too passive and too aggressive.

6. Don’t let anyone worsen your business life.

7. Prioritize your business goal rather than personal goal in order to become a

successful entrepreneur.

8. Acquire specific skills for creating and maintaining a conducive work

environment.

9. Be responsible in everything you do in your business.

10. Always observe business ethics in putting up a business.

Hello! I’m here once again reminding you whether you have

achieved a certain point that you could honestly tell that you

are already successful in strengthening your own PECs.

Let’ s see!

Activity 1 My techniques to strengthen PECs

Directionss: From the given chart below, write at least six techniques on how you

would strengthen your own PECs. Write the PECs that you feel that

you still need to focus on to strengthen these.

Example: Self-confidence

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TRANSFER Your Learning

Preparation of an Action Plan

Culminating Activity

Directionss: Examine yourself once again. Make a short list of PECs that you

need to strengthen. From this activity, prepare of an action plan that requires further

development. You may opt to follow the suggested format below. You may improve

or change it as long as it suits your own plan of action.

17

Sample Action Plan

Specific Purpose Statement: ( Your vision of your future)

Ex. Developing self-confidence in retail business.

Focus

Area

Current

Situation

Goal

Measures

of

Success

Actions

Required

Time

Frame

Reward/

Recognition

My PECs

I need to

develop my

undefined

characteris-

tics need for

my retail

business. such

as: _________

____________

____________

____________

- To exercise

my own

PECs during

selling and

producing

products/

services

-To become

proficient in

my chosen

skill.

Achieve

100%

completion of

development

of my own

PECs through

selling and

production of

products,

proper

manner when

dealing with

people.

-Selling

finished

products

derived from

culminating

activities in

any of chosen

career.

-Participate

in skills

competition

sponsored by

the NGO and

GO

-During

culminating

activities

-After

learning

the

principles,

theories,

process

and of any

chosen

career

-Earns

expected

income

-Outstanding

performance

in selling and

promoting

products and

services

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Post-Assessment

Answer the post assessment below to determine

whether there is significant increase in your understanding of

PECs. The feedback to this post assessment is appended on

page 16.

Good Luck!

A. Matching Type

Directionss: Column A lists the characteristics of a successful entrepreneur.

Draw a line from the items in Column A that connects the correct

definition of terms listed in Column B.

Column A Column B

1. Hardworking

2. Self-confident

3. Profit-oriented

4. Goal-oriented

5. Persistent

6. Responds or open to feedback

7. Willing to listen

8. Committed

9. Reliable and has integrity

10. Risk-taker

a. Ability to set realistic targets.

b. Interest in money generation.

c. To succeed, one must believe in one’s self.

d. Working diligently and industriously.

e. Being able to listen to the advice of others.

f. Obtaining useful feedback and advice from

others.

g. Being patient and strives to achieve the goal.

h. Ability to take measured or calculated risks.

i. Being honest, fair and trustworthy.

j. A major priority in the entrepreneur’s life.

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B. Multiple Choice.

Directionss: Read and study the situation that describes entrepreneurial

characteristics. Then answer the question by writing the letter of

your choice in your assignment notebook or in the provided

answer sheet.

Mrs. Gina Magno opens up her own retail business. She knows that her

personal entrepreneurial characteristics are insufficient to ensure a successful

operationalization of a business she has in mind. Your answers to the questions

below will help in developing her PECs.

1. What PECs must she possess if there are customers who complain about the

quality of her product?

a. Patience

b. Hardworking

c. Versatile

d. All of the above

2. Which of the following is NOT considered as a characteristic of an

entrepreneur?

a. Copes with failure

b. Dependent

c. Persistent


3. If she wants to ensure a profitable business operation, what characteristic

will she maintain?

a. Commitment

b. Goal oriented

c. Futuristic or future-oriented


4. Mrs. Magno follows the advice of a friend to be flexible especially if she

intends to open a retail business. What PECs has been demonstrated by

Mrs. Magno?

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a. Self- confidence

b. Reliable and has integrity

c. Responsive to feedback

d. Persistent

5. She tells Mary, her best friend that she has a strong will and does not give up

to find a solution to a business problem. What PECs has been demonstrated

by Mrs. Magno?

a. Hard work

b. Persistence

c. Self-confidence

d. Risk- taking

Feedback

Pre-assessment/ Post- assessment

A. Matching Type

1.d 6. f

2.c 7. e

3.b 8. j

4.a 9. i

5.g 10. h

B. Multiple Choice

1. a

2. b

3. d

4. c

5. b

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Environment and Market

One of your greatest dreams in life is to become a successful

entrepreneur. As a person, you are capable of developing your character and

personality and how to respond to some business challenges and

opportunities. You can make things happen by identifying the opportunities

around you. You may ask yourself these questions: What do people need?

What products and services are available in the market today? Can they be

improved? How are they made or delivered? Can things be done better?

cheaper? faster? cleaner? Can a product which is used for specific purpose

be also used for some other purposes?

You slowly find answers to these questions as you decide to do the

first step in launching a business enterprise. Be cautious however, that you

should develop a habit of identifying opportunities around you. Only then, you

will find the activity both exciting and easy.

EXPLORE your Understanding

Essential Question

How does one select an entrepreneurial activity?

Content Standard

- The learner demonstrates understanding of environment and market that relates with the career choice.

Performance Standard

- The learner formulates a business idea based on the analysis of the environment and market

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Guide Questions:

1. How does one determine the product to be produced or services to be offered and delivered to the target market or customers in a particular community?

2. How does one select an entrepreneurial activity?

3. How can one respond effectively to a business enterprise?

Hello there! Are you ready to assess yourself if you are ready to

generate potential business ideas? Let’s try by answering the

succeeding pre-assessment.

Pre-assessment

1. The following are examples of peoples’ basic needs, except:

a. Recreation

b. Clothing

c. Shelter

d. Food

2. Which of the following should be considered first by a prospective

entrepreneur in choosing the right location for his/her store?

a. Types of merchandise

b. Access of the target customers

c. The attractiveness of the store layout

d. The prevailing prices of goods in the area

3. Thong plans to put a “digi-print” studio in their locality. Which of the

following will help him determine a successful plan for setting up of his

business?

a. Survey of consumer associations

b. Checking for similar business to avoid competition

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c. Getting feedback on the quality of service

d. Conduct a SWOT analysis

4. Ceasar studies the population in his immediate community. He is

doing this to –

a. identify his would be “suki”.

b. predict his biggest buyer.

c. select his favorite costumers.

d. determine whom to sell his product or service.

5. When an entrepreneur improves and alter products to make it more

appealing to target consumers, he/she is doing an -------- of the

product.

a. alteration

b. invention

c. innovation

d. improvisation

Lesson 1 Needs and Wants of People

Everyone has his or her own needs and wants. However, people have

different concepts of needs and wants. Needs in business are important

things that every individual cannot do without in a society. These include:

1. Basic commodities for consumption

2. Clothing and other personal belongings,

3. Shelter, sanitation and health

4. Education and relaxation

Basic needs are essential to every individual so he/she may be able to

live with dignity and pride in the community of people. These needs can

obviously help you generate business ideas.

Wants are desires, luxury and extravagance that signify wealth and an

expensive way of living. Wants or desires are considered above all the basic

necessities of life. Some examples are the eagerness or the passion of every

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individual which are non- basic needs like; fashion accessories, shoes,

clothes, travelling around the world, eating in an exclusive restaurant;

watching movies, concerts, plays, having luxurious cars, wearing expensive

jewelry, perfume, living in impressive homes, and others.

Needs and wants of people are the basic indicators of the kind of

business that you may engage into because it can serve as the measure of

your success. Some other good points that you might consider in business

undertakings are the kind of people, their needs, wants, lifestyle, culture and

tradition, and social orientation that they belong.

Lesson 2 Generating ideas for business

Here are some ways by which you may generate possible ideas for business.

1. Examine the existing goods and services. Are you satisfied with

the product? What do other people who use the product say about it?

How can it be improved? There are many ways of improving a product

from the way it is made to the way it is packed and sold? You can also

improve the materials used in crafting the product. In addition, you

introduce new ways of using the product, making it more useful and

adaptable to the customers’ many needs. When you are improving the

product or enhancing it, you are doing an innovation. You can also do

an invention by introducing an entirely new product to replace the old

one.

Business ideas may also be generated by examining what goods and

services are sold outside by the community. Very often, these

products are sold in a form that can still be enhanced or improved.

2. Examine the present and future needs. Look and listen to what the

customers, institution, and communities are missing in terms of goods

and services. Sometimes, these needs are already obvious and felt at

the moment. Other needs are not that obvious because they can only

be felt in the future, in the event of certain developments in the

community. For example, a town will have its electrification facility in

the next six months. Only by that time will the entrepreneur could think

of electrically- powered or generated business such as xerox copier,

computer service, digital printing, etc.

25

3. Examine how the needs are being satisfied. Needs for the products

and services are referred to as market demand. To satisfy these

needs is to supply the products and services that meet the demands of

the market. The term market refers to whoever will use or buy the

products or service, and these may be people or institutions such as

other businesses, establishments, organizations, or government

agencies.

There is a very good business opportunity when there is absolutely no

supply to a pressing market demand.

Businesses or industries in the locality also have needs for goods and

services. Their needs for raw materials, maintenance, and other

services such as selling and distribution are good sources of ideas for

business.

4. Examine the available resources around you. Observe what

materials or skills are available in abundance in your area. A business

can be started out of available raw materials by selling them in raw

form and by processing and manufacturing them into finished products.

For example, in a copra-producing town, there will be many coconut

husks and shells available as “waste” products. These can be

collected and made into coco rags/doormat and charcoal bricks and

sold profitably outside the community.

A group of people in your neighborhood may have some special skills

that can be harnessed for business. For example, women in the

Mountain Province possess loom weaving skills that have been passed

on from one generation to the next generation. Some communities

there set up weaving businesses to produce blankets, as well as

decorative items and various souvenir items for sale to tourists and

lowland communities.

Business ideas can come from your own skills. The work and

experience you may have in agricultural arts, industrial arts, home

economics, and ICT classes will provide you with business

opportunities to acquire the needed skills which will earn for you extra

income, should you decide to engage in income-generating activities.

26

With your skills, you may also tinker around with various things in your

spare time. Many products were invented this way.

5. Read magazines, news articles, and other publications on new products and techniques or advances in technology. You can pick

up new business ideas from Newsweek, Reader’s Digest, Business Magazines, Go Negosyo, KAB materials, Small- industry Journal. The Internet serves as a library where you may browse and surf on possible businesses. It will also guide you on how to put the right product in the right place, at the right price, at the right time.

Listing of possible businesses to set up in an area may also be

available from banks or local non-government organizations.

Lesson 3 Selecting the Right Idea

Once you have embarked on identifying the business

opportunities, you will eventually see that there are many possibilities

that are available for you. It is very unlikely that you will have enough

resources to pursue all of them at once. Which one will you choose?

You have to select the most promising one from among

hundreds and one ideas. It will be good to do this in stages. In the

first stage, you screen your ideas to narrow them down to about five

choices. In the next stage, trim down the five choices to two options.

In the final stage, choose between the two and decide which business

idea worth pursuing.

In screening your ideas, examine each one in terms of the

following factors:

1. How much capital is needed to put up the business?

2. How big is the demand for the product? Do many people need this

product and will continue to need it for a long time?

3. How is the demand met? Who are processing the products to meet

the need (competition or demand)? How much of the need is now

being met (supply)?

4. Do you have the background and experience needed to run this

particular business?

5. Will the business be legal, not going against any existing or

foreseeable government regulation?

27

6. Is the business in line with your interest and expertise?

Your answers to these questions will be helpful in screening

which ones from among your many ideas are worth examining further

and worth pursuing.

Lesson 4 Environmental Scanning

There is a need to conduct environmental scanning to identity

the needs and wants of people, the niche for your business mission,

and to give attention to trends and issues. This may also serve as an

evaluation of the type of the entrepreneurial activity appropriate in the

community.

Environmental scanning is defined as a process of gathering,

analyzing, and dispensing information for tactical or strategic purposes.

The environmental scanning process entails obtaining both factual and

subjective information on the business environments in which a

company is operating.

Environment in the community can be viewed according to its

technological, political, economic, and social aspects. For example, in

the past, people in the community used personal computers but the

transmission of development in terms of technology was interrupted

because people were not satisfied with what they have today. They

still look for the changes in their life and the corresponding in their

environment.

As a future entrepreneur, you must be well-versed in this kind

of advancement and progression of your environment particularly in

technology so as to secure the success of your future business. Always

think of something new, something novel, authentic, reinvent the

28

existing ones, and create your new version of goods/products, and

services. For instance, your own hair straightening is herbal, while in

the other salons it is made of synthetic chemicals. This kind of changes

being made will effect the existing principles in business and industries

that can be easily adapted to the changes in producing the

products/services to meet the needs and wants of people in the

community.

FIRM UP Your Understanding

In generating business idea, you should first identify what type of

business is suited to your business idea. You should analyze and scan the

potential environment, study the marketing practices and strategies of your

competitors, analyze the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and the

Threats in your environment to ensure that the products/goods and services

you are planning to offer will be patronized within the easy reach by your

target markets/consumers.

Bear in mind these simple rules for successful SWOT analysis.

Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of your business when conducting SWOT analysis.

SWOT analysis should distinguish between where your business is today, and where it could be in the future.

SWOT should always be specific. Avoid any grey areas. Always apply SWOT in relation to your competition i.e. better

than or worse than your competition. Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over analysis SWOT is subjective.

29

DEEPEN Your Understanding

People keep on searching for new things, new trends, and new

issues. For these reasons, an entrepreneur hurriedly responds to these

needs and wants of people.

As generations come and go, another set of new trends will

come or will exist. In order to adapt to the rapid changes in the

business environment, the existing industries need to improve their

products and services. But how can you generate business ideas with

those strong competitors? There are three main sets of decisions that

you need to make - what to produce, how to produce, and how to

share or sell out the product to the market.

Activity 1 Mini survey

Directionss: Conduct a mini survey in your immediate community. Gather

pertinent data on population across age brackets as suggested in the matrix

below. Opposite each age group, indicate their probable needs and wants.

Age Bracket Population Needs Wants

Example: 5 and below

35 Toys, coloring books, pajama

Wooden toys, glossy coloring books, etc. fashionable pajama

6- 10 years old

11-15 years old

16-20 years old

21-25 years old

26-35 years old

35-45 years old

46-55 years old

56-65 years old

66 and above

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Activity 2 Screening business ideas

Directionss: After filling out the chart above, try to list down all the probable

business opportunities which you may wish to venture in. Remember to

consider the ideas and suggestions discussed in Lesson 3. Use the

suggested matrix below to indicate your choice. Write your answer onyour

notebook.

Example: Selling wooden toys

Positive Factors

Negative Factors

Strengths Opportunities Weaknesses Threats

TRANSFER Of Learning

Now that, you have all the information, are you ready to test

your ability to generate your own business idea? If your answer is yes,

start studying the sample vicinity map of a community with a population

of two thousand people. A new housing project will be constructed

adjacent to Daang Hari St, close to Old Molino St., its main road. This

housing project targets the homeowners who are young couples with

two kids.

31

In this activity, you need to answer the questions that may lead to

the generation of a probable business. Your answers to these

questions will serve as the bases in formulating your own business

ideas.

1. Who do you think are your target consumers/markets?

2. Where is the most ideal location to situate your business?

3. Which products or services would appeal to your target

consumers/markets?

4. Can you say that you have seized the most feasible business

opportunity?

Post-assessment

1. The following are examples of peoples’ basic needs, except:

a. Recreation

b. Clothing

c. Shelter

d. Food

2. Which of the following should be considered first by a prospective

entrepreneur in choosing the right location for his/her store?

a. Type of merchandise

b. The access of the target customers

c. The attractiveness of the store layout

d. The prevailing prices of goods in the area

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3. Thong plans to put a “digi-print” studio in their locality. Which of the

following will help him determine his plan for a success setting up of

his business?

a. Survey of consumer associations

b. Checking for similar business to avoid competition

c. Getting feedback on the quality of service

d. Conduct a SWOT analysis

4. Ceasar studies the population in his immediate community. He is

doing this to –

a. identify his would be “suki”.

b. predict his biggest buyer.

c. select his favorite costumers.

d. determine whom to sell his product or service.

5. When an entrepreneur improves and alter products to make it more

appealing to target consumers, he/she is doing an -------- of the

product.

a. alteration

b. invention

c. innovation

d. improvisation

Feedback

Pre-assessment and Post assessment

1. a

2. b

3. d

4. c

5. b

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Process and Delivery

Content Standard Performance Standard The learner demonstrates understanding of principles in assembling AC/DC power supply.

The learner independently assembles AC/DC power supply in accordance with manufacturer’s specification.

Quarter I Time Allotment: 40 Hours

LESSON: ASSEMBLE AND DISASSEMBLE CONSUMER

ELECTRONIC PRODUCT AND SYSTEM

________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION: This lesson contains information and learning activities in preparing materials, tools, equipment, workplace and parts needed for assembling a power supply. Additionally, for a clear understanding in assembling electronic product, this lesson also contains information and learning activities in designing and etching of printed circuit board (PCB), proper mounting and soldering of components on PCB and auxiliary parts, and circuit tracing for interconnection of all parts of the circuit. Learning activities in the inspection and testing of finished ac/dc power supply are included to comply with the standard operating procedure. There are forms to accomplish for proper documentation.

II. LO1: PREPARE TOOLS AND MATERIALS FOR ASSEMBLY

Check required tools, equipment and materials

Prepare tools and materials according to job requirements

III. PRE/DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT

Directionss: Read each statement carefully and select the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. It refers to a handtool that is used in holding, gripping, and cutting of soft and fine wires in assembling electronic circuit? A. Pliers B. Scissor C. Tweezers D. Vise grip 2. In a bridge-type rectifier circuit, there are four terminal joints. Select the one that could give a DC+ output. A. Anode-Cathode B. Infinite C. Two Anode D. Two Cathode

34

3. In a bridge-type rectifier circuit, there are four terminal joints. Select the one that could give a DC - output. A. Anode-Cathode B. Infinite C. Two Anode D. Two Cathode 4. In a bridge-type rectifier circuit, there are four terminal joints. Select the one that is connected to one of the AC output of transformer. A. Anode-Cathode B. None C. Two Anode D. Two Cathode

5. It is the positive electrode of a device and the “P” material of a diode. A. Anode B. Bridge-type Rectifier C. Cathode D. Full wave rectifier circuit

6. It refers to a circuit using four diodes that provides full wave rectification. A. Anode B. Bridge-type Rectifier C. Cathode D. Full-wave rectifier circuit

7. It is the copper clad designed, etched and bored to which components are inserted into the hole and soldered to form its circuit connection. A. Breadboard B. Printed Circuit Board C. Strip board D. Terminal 8. It is a process where the unnecessary copper is removed to leave the individual tracks or connections of the circuit. A. Boring B. Desoldering C. PCB etching D. Soldering

9. It is a chemical solution that liquefies the uncovered surfaces of

the designed copper clad board that creates a PCB. A. Alcohol B. Ferric Chloride C. Gasoline D. Lacquer thinner 10. What is the stage of the power supply that reduces the amount of ripple voltage and smoothen the pulsating DC output voltage of rectifier circuit? A. Bleeder B. Filter circuit C. Rectifier circuit D. Step-down transformer

35

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1

TOOLS AND MATERIALS IN ASSEMBLING POWER SUPPLY

In every electronic work, it is a must to prepare the necessary tools, materials, and equipment needed as well as the information. The following list of tools, materials, and equipment are needed in assembling AC/DC power supply:

Name Actual Picture Soldering tools: Soldering iron Soldering lead Desoldering tool Soldering stand

Screwdriver

1. Flat head 2. Philip

1. 2.

Pliers

1. Diagonal cutting pliers 2. Long nose pliers

1. 2.

1. Wire stripper 2. Utility knife

1. 2.

Boring tools

Mini drill with power

supply Drill bit (in proportion

with terminals of component)

Multitester/ Volt-Ohm-Milliammeter (VOM) Analog

36

Copper clad Sand paper Pencil and paper Ruler Masking tape Cleaning brush Cleaning agent Permanent marker

AD/DC power supply kit must include the following components: 1 pc Step-down transformer (750mA, multi-secondary: 3v, 4.5v, 6v, 9v, 12v) 4 pcs Rectifier diode (IN4001) 1 pc Capacitor (1,000uF/16v) 1 pc Resistor ( 1KΩ 1/4w)) Wires (1 m #22 solid/ 1 m #18 stranded) 1 pc Rotary switch (2 poles 5 positions) 2 pcs Alligator clip (1 red & 1 black) AC cord w/plug Rubber grommet Fuse with holder (.5 A) Chassis/ compartment

Personal Protective Equipment EDS wrist strap Mask Apron

Schematic Diagram of AC/DC multi-secondary unregulated power supply

37

SELF-CHECK 1.1

Tools and Materials in Assembling Power Supply

II. Familiarization: Identify the tools, materials and equipment in assembling power supply as numbered. Write your answers on separate sheet.

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15


AC-DC POWER SUPPLY

A power supply is the heart of all

electronic equipment. It converts AC input power from grid line to DC output voltage (AC-DC). It supplies the desired voltage and current in a circuit. Without these, all electronic equipment will not function at all.

38

A basic power supply consists of three basic stages: the power transformer stage, rectifier stage, and filter stage. If there is a need to regulate the output voltage, a regulator circuit is added.

Transformer stage In order to reduce the 220 volts/60 Hz power supply at our home, there is a need for a step-down transformer. Most electronic circuits require a low-voltage power supply in Direct Current (DC) form. The primary and secondary voltage, current and power rating of a transformer is important thing to consider. Note that secondary voltage indicates the rated voltage. When the secondary winding of a transformer has no load, the measured voltage must be 10% higher than its rated voltage. This is the allowance for the voltage drop when loaded.

Types of Rectifier Circuit

There are two types of rectifier, Half-wave Rectifier and the Full-wave Rectifier. Under a Full-wave rectifier, there are two types, the Center-tapped and the Bridge Rectifier.

1. Half-wave Rectifier Circuit One rectifier diode D1 and one load resistor RL are needed to conduct one alteration in every cycle of small AC input.

Note: Compare the difference of the three circuits in your lecture: a. Half-wave b. Full-wave

b.1 Center-tapped b.2 Bridge

Transformer

Stage

Rectifier Stage

Filter Stage

Block Diagram of AC-DC Power Supply

Transformer

Stage

Rectifier Stage

Filter Stage

Regulator Stage

Block Diagram of AC-DC Regulated Power Supply

39

Schematic Diagram of a Half-Wave Rectifier

2. Full-Wave Center-Tapped Rectifier Circuit This type of circuit requires a center-tapped transformer, two

rectifier diodes, and a load resistor (RL). Each of the diode supplies one-half the DC load current.

Schematic Diagram of a Full-Wave Center-Tapped Rectifier circuit

3. Full-Wave Bridge Type Rectifier Circuit

Schematic Diagram of a Full-Wave Bridge Type Power Supply

40

The full-wave bridge type rectifier circuit uses four rectifier diodes D1, D2, D3, D4 and a load resistor (RL). A center-tapped transformer is not necessary in this circuit. This circuit can deliver a higher current range to the load because all of the cycles are consumed by the four diodes.

The operation of this rectifier circuit is different from the Half-wave and Full-wave center-tapped. The conduction of AC voltage starts from Line-A going to Line-B.

Conduction of Diode in Full-Wave Bridge Type Rectifier Circuit

First Conduction

The negative half-cycle will be conducted to the cathode of diode D1, and then thru the RL it will conduct to the cathode of diode D4 goes to Line-B. In this case D1 and D4 are conducting.

First Conduction in a Full-wave Bridge Type Rectifier Circuit

Second Conduction

The positive half-cycle will be conducted to the anode of diode D2 and

then thru the RL, it will conduct to the anode of diode D3 goes to Line-B. In

this case D2 and D3 are conducting.

Second Conduction in a Full Wave Bridge Type Rectifier Circuit

41

Characteristics of a Full-Wave Bridge Type Power Supply

a. Expensive b. Needs a lower value of capacitance c. Needs four rectifier diodes

Filter Stage

This stage of the power supply smoothen the pulsating DC output

voltage of rectifier circuit by reducing the amount of ripple voltage. It also

provides the charge voltage for the load while the rectifier diode is not

conducting.

Ripple-Voltage is an AC component present in the DC output voltage of rectifier circuit. Basic Methods of Filtering

1. Simple Capacitor in Parallel You can connect as many electrolytic capacitors in parallel as you

want in order to increase the amount of capacitance causing good filtering effects to DC output. This is used for high current applications. The only disadvantage is that it will occupy a bigger space.

Filter Circuit

2. Filter with RC Circuit This circuit is actually a resistor in series with the positive line

together with two bypass capacitors C1 and C2. It is good in lowering the DC voltage output.

Filter with RC Circuit

Placing additional

capacitor in the output.

+

-

Rectifier Stage

Filter Stage

(+)

(-)

Placing a resistor

in series with the positive line can

cause voltage

drop.

42

3. Filter with Inductor This circuit has a good filtering effect to the pulsating DC output of

the rectifier. It uses minimal value of capacitance and it is good in low current and high current applications. The only disadvantage is that the inductor in series with the positive line takes up big space in mounting it in the PCB.

Filter with Inductor

SELF-CHECK 1.2 AC-DC POWER SUPPLY

I. DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions and write your answers on separate sheets of paper. 1. How many stages do basic power supplies have? 2. What component do we need to use in a simple basic filtering stage? 3. Why is a bridge type rectifier the most expensive type of rectifier stage? 4. What stage of the power supply reduces the high AC input voltage to a lower AC output voltage? 5. What stage of the power supply converts small AC voltage to pulsating DC voltage? 6. How many basic methods of filtering do the filtering stages have? 7. How many types of rectifier circuits do basic power supplies have?

8. What stage of the power supply smoothens the pulsating DC into pure DC output voltages?

9. How many diodes do full-wave center-tapped power supplies have? 10. Why is a half-wave rectifier the cheapest type of rectifier stage?

II. Directions: Draw the schematic diagram of bridge type rectifier circuit: (for five points)

Criteria Points

Complete components/ correct connection/ with label/ correct symbols 5

Complete components/ correct connection/ no label/ correct symbols 4

Complete components/ correct connection/ no label/incorrect symbol 3

Complete components/ incorrect connection/ no label/incorrect symbols 2

Complete components/ incorrect connection/ no label/incorrect symbols 1

The swing of inductance

causes the pulsating DC to

be filtered into its purest

DC form

43

INFORMATION SHEET 1.3 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD OF AC-DC POWER SUPPLY

A Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is a copper clad designed (derived from

components connection on schematic diagram), etched and bored to which components are inserted into the hole (substrate side) and soldered (copper side) to form its circuit connection. Its main purpose is to reduce the space and to troubleshoot easily when problem arises. The copper clad has conductors that are thin strips of copper, usually bonded to a baseboard called substrate. The two very common substrate materials used in printed circuit are the phenolic and epoxy plastic.

Copper Clad

PCB Etching is a process where unnecessary copper is removed to leave the individual tracks or connections of the circuit. Buckets, bubble tanks, and spray machines are tools used for various ways of etching. However, most firms currently use high pressure conveyors spray equipment. Spray etching in fast. For example Ammoniacal etching solutions can etch 55 microns of copper a minute and less than 40 seconds to etch a standard 1 oz, 35 micron circuit board.

Copper side of manufactured PCB

Many different chemical solutions can be used to etch circuit boards ranging from slow controlled speed etches used for surface preparation to the faster etches used for etching the tracks. Some are best used in horizontal spray process equipment while others are best used in tanks. Enchants for PTH work have to be selective and be non-aggressive to tin / tin lead plating, which is used as the etch resists. Copper etching, normally exothermic, requires high speed etching to carry out solution cooling. This is normally done by placing titanium water cooling coils into enchant.

Almost all etching solutions liberate toxic corrosive fumes. Extraction is highly recommended. All enchants are corrosive and toxic mainly due to the high metal content. Personal Protective Equipment (P.P.E.) must always be used. Used solutions should always be disposed properly so that it won’t pollute local sewage works and rivers.

Substrate

Copper

44

Manufacturing Printed Circuit Board In PCB designing, the focus should be on the types, kinds, and characteristics of the component rather than the size of the pathways. Here are the other design factors needed:

1. PCB size and shape. The PCB must be big enough for the entire component to be mounted on a specific area.

2. Position of the Terminal. Input, output, and supply voltage should be placed near the border to facilitate possible troubleshooting or

minor repair.

3. High Temperature Dissipation. Too much heat is the number one problem of all components. Bigger space is needed so that heat sink (absorb heat from the active component) can be provided to the component. This will protect the component from burning up.

4. Accessibility of Components. Those components that are

adjustable or variable (example: potentiometer, trimmer resistor or capacitor) should be placed near the border to facilitate possible troubleshooting or minor repair.

5. Space for Bolt and Nut. The designer should place a good space for mounting the PCB with bolt and nut in securing the entire board to the chassis.

Different Types of Circuit Should be Grouped according to its Application. This will enhance the circuit operation and will prevent it from distortion generated by other circuits. This is the reason why the circuit of the power supply is far from the audio circuit.

Printed circuit board etching

It is the removal of unnecessary portion or layer of conductive material (that is copper) bonded to an insulating base called substrate. Ferric Chloride solution liquefies the uncovered surfaces of the designed copper clad board that creates a PCB through chemical reaction.

Designed Copper Clad Before Etching

Designed Copper Clad After Etching (PCB)

Cover Surface

Copper/Conductor

Substrate

Cover Surface Copper Conductor Substrate

45

Tools and Materials Needed In PCB Etching

1. Designed copper clad 2. Ferric Chloride- The quantity of ferric chloride solution will depend

upon the area of the PCB. 3. Plastic basin- It is where the ferric chloride filled during etching

process. 4. Popsicle sticks (2 pieces)- It is used for hauling the designed PCB

during the etching process. 5. Old newspaper- It is placed under the plastic basin for the prevention

of accidental spill of chemical over the table. 6. Apron 7. Piece of Cloth 8. Plastic Varnish 1 bottle 9. Lacquer Thinner 10. Surgical Gloves 11. Knife or Cutter

SELF-CHECK 1.3 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD OF AC-DC POWER SUPPLY

Directions: Read each statement and write the term being described in each number on your answer sheet. 1. It is a board to which the electronic components is mounted and soldered. 2. It is the baseboard of a copper clad where the thin strip of copper are

bonded. 3. It is a thin copper layer which is firmly bonded to an insulating base

material where the component’s terminals are soldered 4 -5. There are two types of substrate materials used in printed circuit.

6. It is one of the factors in designing a PCB to which the size of the entire components are considered. 7. For easy troubleshooting, the place to put the source, input, and output terminals in your PCB design. 8. It protects the component from burning up by absorbing the heat of active components and must be provided enough space in designing process. 9. It is included in the design process in order to secure the PCB to the chassis and space must be provided. 10. To enhance the circuit operation and prevent distortion, what should be done in designing circuit? Note: If you got all the answers right, that is an excellent mark. If you missed one or more item/s, go back to information sheet 1.3, review the questions, and study them more closely. Before you proceed to the next lesson you must get all the answers right.

46

ACTIVITY SHEET 1.1 DESIGNING AND PREPARING PCB OF AC-DC POWER SUPPLY

Directionss: Given the resources needed, the students will design and prepare a PCB of AC-DC Power Supply individually by following the procedures given. After the activity, the students output will be graded through the given Performance Check. Resources:

These are the list of tools, equipment, and materials necessary in designing and preparing a PCB of AC-DC power supply using permanent marker or masking tape:

Procedures in Preparing the Layout Diagram in the PCB

1. Prepare the schematic diagram of the circuit.

Schematic Diagram of AC/DC Power Supply

Note: The circuit with dotted lines is subject for PCB design. 2. Prepare a first draft for the arrangement of components considering the given size of copper clad( 1”x2”).

Electronic hand tools Materials

Soldering Iron Cleaning brush Desoldering tool Soldering lead Screwdriver (Flat/and Philip) Cleaning agent

Wire stripper/Utility knife Wires (Stranded/Solid )

Mini drill (with drill bit ) with adaptor (+12VDC supply)

Pre-design Printed Circuit Boards (PCB)-copper clad

Plier (Diagonal cutter/Long nose) Sand paper Electronic equipment/instrument Metal polish and eraser

High grade magnifying glass with lamp AC-DC power supply kit (1.5 – 12 volts variable power supply)

Drawing instrument Pencil and paper Analog multi tester (voltmeter/VOM) Permanent marker and ruler

Masking tape and cutter

47

Note: Actual size of the component should be adapted for component arrangement and mounting. (Illustrations below are just a sample; you can make your own layout of components.)

3. Interconnect each component based on the schematic diagram given. Components Placement Guide

Note: Observe correct connections/ polarity in doing this. 3.1. Double-check the connection.

4. Finalize the arrangement/ orientation of components. Interconnect the components for the final design.

5. Trace the reverse side of the designed PCB by using a carbon paper and mark it on the copper side of the clad board. 6. Use a high point permanent marker for marking. Do the marking three times.

48

7. Using masking tape, cover the entire copper side and transfer the design on it. Cut the design and leave the transferred design. Note: Be careful not to shorten each line marking. Characteristics of Good PCB Design – 4C’s

1. Clean. It should be clean so that the representation of the schematic diagram is easy to mark and easy to troubleshoot.

2. Compressed. Reducing the size for space saving in chassis. 3. Creative in Design. There is a pattern or image when it is created. 4. Consistency in Component. The components should be well

arranged in group.

SELF- CHECK 1.1 Designing and Preparing PCB of AC-DC Power Supply

Directions: Read the criteria in the box and check the box if you performed the item. A check is equivalent to one point.

Criteria Performed

1. A schematic diagram of the circuit is shown/prepared.

2. The components are arranged accordingly.

3. Each component is interconnected based on the schematic diagram.

4. Traced/Transferred the design using permanent marker or

masking tape.

5. PCB design with the 4 C’s (clean, compressed, creative and consistent) on the component side was produced?

Student’s Signature______________________ Date ______________

Teacher’s Signature______________________ Date ________________

5 Yes Remarks Excellent

4 Yes Remarks Very Satisfactory

3Yes Remarks Satisfactory

2 Yes Remarks Needs Improvement 1 Yes Remarks

49

Plastic

Basin

Ferric Chloride

Chloride

ACTIVITY SHEET 1.2 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD ETCHING

Directionss: Given the resources needed, perform the procedure in PCB

Etching to produce a PCB of AC-DC power supply (rectifier circuit). The students will perform individually. They will be guided by the procedure/steps given in PCB etching. Observe safety at all times. Students will be rated through Assessment Checklist 1.1.2. Each student will be givwen 20 minutes. Etching could be done simultaneously.

Resources:

Before proceeding, the students should prepare the following:

Pre-design Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Piece of Cloth Ferric Chloride Plastic Varnish Plastic basin Lacquer Thinner Popsicle sticks (2 pieces) Surgical Gloves Old newspaper Knife or Cutter Apron Mask

Goggles

Steps in PCB Etching

1. Prepare the necessary tools and materials needed in PCB etching. 2. Wear your apron, surgical gloves, goggles and mask in order to

prevent accidental splash of the solution on your clothes, eyes or on your skin. Make sure the area is well ventilated because the chemicals will produce hazardous fumes.

3. Pour the ferric chloride in the plastic basin.

4. Etch the PCB by immersing it in a basin filled with ferric chloride until the uncovered part of the copper clad is totally etched.

PCB

50

5. After 10 - 15 minutes, check the PCB if all the parts needed to be removed are totally etched (using the two popsicle sticks in hauling). If there are still unnecessary copper, return it into the plastic basin filled with ferric chloride and check it again after 3 – 5 minutes. 6. Haul the PCB from the plastic basin and wash with running water to remove the remaining etching solution and other residues. 7. Dry PCB with a clean piece of cloth. 8. Pour a little amount of lacquer thinner on a clean dry piece of cloth and wipe the markings of the permanent marker in the copper clad.

(Note: In doing this, you should still wear surgical gloves.) 9. Aided by bright light, inspect the PCB for possible hairline break or short. If there is a hairline path between the copper conductors, cut it by a knife or cutter. If there is a break between the copper conductors, solder it.

10. Apply plastic varnish to the newly etched PCB to prevent corrosion or rust, and let it dry for a couple of minutes.

Techniques in correcting PCB Hairline Break or Short

A. Hairline Break. It is an open copper foil in the Printed Circuit

Board. Most of the time, this is due to improper PCB designing or

51

etching. To eliminate the hairline break, just place a hook up wire

and solder it.

B. Hairline Short in the PCB Conductor arises if the Printed Circuit Board designing or etching is done improperly. To eliminate the hairline short, cut it with a knife.

SELF-CHECK 1.2 PCB ETCHING

Directionss: Rate yourself on how competently you have applied the skill in

PCB Etching using the criteria below by checking on the appropriate box (points 1 to 5, 5 being the highest). Compute for the rating by dividing each item by 5, multiply by 100. Average the rating of the six criteria to get the final rating.

Criteria Points

Rating 5 4 3 2 1

Workmanship

Use of Tools

Use of Personal Protective Equipment

SPEED

House Keeping

52

Finished Design

Total

Rating System for Self- Check 1.2

Score Descriptive Grade

96-100 Excellent

86-95 Very good

81-85 Good

75-80 Fair

70-74 Poor



ACTIVITY SHEET 1.3 BORING ETCHED PCB OF AC/DC POWER SUPPLY

Directions: Given the resources needed, perform the operation/procedure

in boring the designed PCB of AC-DC power supply. Follow the procedure and observe safety precautions at all times. The students will be graded according to the output (finished product)using rubrics .

Resources:

Tools and Materials - Mini Drill - PCB (designed and etched PCB of AC/DC power supply) - Piece of wood

Criteria Description

Workmanship Followed the steps accordingly/ Less 1 point for every missed procedure.

Use of Tools Used tools/ materials in right task/ Less 1 point for every misused.


Used PPE during the whole activity/ Less 1 point for every forgotten instances

SPEED Finished within the time/ Less 1 point for every five minutes delay

House Keeping The workplace is clean before, during and after the activity/ Less 1 point for every dirt observed

Finished Design Neat and presentable output and / Less 1 point for every unusual marks at the output

53

- Mini Drill with power supply and bit(in proportion with components terminal)

- Varnish Procedure in Boring Etched PCB of AC/DC Power Supply

1. Mini Drill Setup

1.1 Loosen the chuck by using a precision screwdriver and change the drill bit. This is done in a counter clockwise movement.

1.2 Insert the drill bit 1mm diameter in size and attach it to the chuck of the unit. 1.3 Turn the precision screwdriver clockwise to tighten the jaw of the unit. Be sure that the drill bit is well secured on the chuck. 1.4 Before inserting the 12 volts adaptor, you should turn off the unit.

1.5 Test the rotation of the unit if it is well aligned. If not, align it following steps no. 1 and 2. 2. How to Use a Mini Drill

To control the unit, hold the mini drill at the lower part and firmly position your arm. Then with the mini drill held perpendicularly to your work surface, lightly press downward to the holes to be drilled in the PCB but be sure that the PCB has a piece of wood under it to avoid damaging the table. With practice, you will be able to get the procedure correctly.

54

3. Boring Procedure 1. Mark where the holes are to be drilled. This is to ensure proper

location of holes for the components terminal. Carefully mark the holes to be drilled with a pointed object.

2. Using mini drill bore hole perpendicularly to the surface of the

PCB with arrow marking. 3. Clean the surface of the PCB and look for open line or short circuit. 4. Apply varnish on the clad surface to prevent it from corrosion.

SELF-CHECK 1.3

BORING ETCHED PCB OF AC/DC POWER SUPPLY Directionss: Rate yourself on how competent you have applied the skill in

Boring etched PCB using the criteria below by checking on the

appropriate box (points 1 to 5, 5 being the highest). Compute for the rating by dividing each item by 5, multiply by 100. Average the rating of the six criteria to get the final rating.

Criteria Points

Rating 5 4 3 2 1

Workmanship

Use of Tools


SPEED

House Keeping

Finished Design

Total

55

Rating System for Self-Check 1.3


96-100 Excellent

86-95 Very good

81-85 Good

75-80 Fair

70-74 Poor




Workmanship Followed the steps accordingly/ Less 1 point for every

missed procedure.

Use of Tools Used tools/ materials in right task/ Less 1 point for every

misused.

Use of Personal

Protective Equipment

Used PPE during the whole activity/ Less 1 point for every

forgotten instances


House Keeping The workplace is clean before, during and after the

activity/ Less 1 point for every dirt observed

Finished Design Neat and presentable output and / Less 1 point for every

unusual marks at the output

56

IV. LO2: SOLDER/ DESOLDER COMPONENTS TO THE BOARD

Perform soldering and desoldering processes Check soldered products in accordance with quality standards.

V. PRE/DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT

I. DIRECTIONSs: Enumerate the materials and components being asked in

each number. 1. Electronic components in the PCB of unregulated power supply.(3pts)

2. Parts of unregulated power supply mounted in the chassis.(7pts)

INFORMATION SHEET 2.1 AUXILIARY AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS OF POWER SUPPLY

Internal Parts of AC/DC Multi-Secondary Unregulated Bridge-type Power Supply

The internal parts of the power supply are shown in the figure below.

1. Transformer is a component that consists of two or more coils which are coupled together by magnetic induction. 2. Fuse Holder & Fuse is used to protect the unit from any sudden short circuit from the load or too much fluctuation of power from the line source.

3. Bolt and nut is used to fix the PCB and other parts inside the chassis. 4. Rectifier Diode is an electronic device which only allows current to

flow in one Directions. 5. Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is a conductive pattern formed on

one or both sides of an insulating base by etching, plating or stamping. This contain the components that comprises the bridge-type power supply(diode, capacitor, resistor, and LED).

6. Electrolytic Capacitor is an electronic component that acts as a filter. It removes ripples from the output of the rectifier circuit.

7. Resistor is a component that restricts the flow of current (eg. to limit the current passing through the LED). It is used with a capacitor in a timing circuit. 8. Rotary Switch is a switch that is operated by a rotating shaft and used to select an output voltage available.

http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/diode.htm

57

Auxiliary Components/ Parts of Power Supply

1. On-Off switch is used to turn on and off the circuit. 2. Fuse Holder & Fuse 3. AC Plug with Cord is used for connecting the 220V input voltage of the power supply. 4. Rubber grommet is used to protect the output wire of the alligator clip. 5. Selector Knob is a plastic holder of the selector switch. 6. Neon Lamp is for 220V AC monitoring lamp. 7. LED Power Indicator is used to indicate that the power supply in “ON” position. 8. Alligator Clips are used to connect the two-line output to the

load.

58

SELF-CHECK 2.1 AUXILIARY AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS OF

POWER SUPPLY

I. Directions: Identify the parts of AC-DC Power Supply as numbered (1-10). Write the answer on your answer sheet.

59

ACTIVITY SHEET 2.1 MOUNTING AND SOLDERING COMPONENTS OF AC-DC POWER

SUPPLY Directions: Using the given tools, supplies and materials, mount the

electronic components to the finished PCB and perform soldering techniques to assemble rectifier circuit of an AC-DC power supply. Read some information and follow the instruction/ procedures

given. Assessment checklist will be used to rate the performance.

Resources: o Supplies and Materials

- Designed PCB - Soldering Lead, 60/40

- 4 pcs. Rectifier diode- 1N4001 - Electrolytic capacitor – 3,300 uF/25V - Jumbo LED with holder

- Resistor- 1KΩ, 5 watts - Schematic diagram of AC/DC Bridge-type power

supply

- Design of AC/DC Bridge-type power supply (copper side and component placement guide)

o Tools andEquipment

- Soldering tools

- Pliers

AC/DC Unregulated Multi-secondary Power Supply

In all the basic electronic theories, power supply

assembling is the most common application. One of the reasons is that power supply is always present or required in every electronics circuits. In this activity, you are expected to apply all

the knowledge and skills in soldering techniques that have been learned.

60

Procedures:

1. Prepare all the materials/resources needed. 2. Clean the terminals of the components to be soldered and the copper

side of PCB. 3. Mount/ insert the terminals of the components in the PCB. Observe

proper connection and polarity in mounting and double check with the design made.

4. With the proper mounting of components, solder the components accordingly.

Note: Active components must be mounted last. Utmost care must also be observed.

5. Cut the excess terminals of the components. 6. Check the solder and spaces between solder joints and lines for

possible short circuit. 7. Test the circuit using the multi-tester. 8. Observe proper mounting of components according to standard.

Working area set with tools, instrument and materials needed in mounting and

soldering components of ac-dc power supply.

Mounting of components

61

SELF-CHECK 2.1

Mounting and Soldering Components of AC-DC Power Supply Project

Directionss: Rate yourself on how competently you have applied the skill in

PCB Etching using the criteria below by checking on the appropriate box (points 1 to 5, 5 being the highest). Compute for the rating by dividing each item by 5, multiply by 100. Average the rating of the six criteria to get the final rating.

Criteria Points

Rating 5 4 3 2 1

Workmanship

Use of Tools


SPEED

House Keeping

Finished Design

Total

62

Rating System for Self-Check 2.1


96-100 Excellent

86-95 Very good

81-85 Good

75-80 Fair

70-74 Poor



VI. SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

Directionss: Read each statement carefully and write only the letter of the best answer.

1. A tool used to join two our more metal parts by melting lead. A. Screw Driver B. Soldering Iron

C. Long Nose Pliers D. Multitester 2. A device used to measure voltage, current and resistance. A. Ammeter B. Long nose pliers C. Multitester D. Screwdriver 3. A type of rectifier circuit which uses four diodes. A. Half-Wave B. Full-Wave C. Full-Wave Center Tapped D.Full-Wave Bridged 4. In PCB designing bigger space is required so that heat sink can be installed, what design factor is being considered? A. PCB size and shape. B. Position of the terminal. C. High Temperature Dissipation D. Accessibility of Components. E. Space for Bolt and Nut. 5. The removal of unnecessary portion or layer of conductive material of


Workmanship Followed the steps accordingly/ Less 1 point for every missed procedure.

Use of Tools Used tools/ materials in right task/ Less 1 point for every misused.


Used PPE during the whole activity/ Less 1 point for every forgotten instances


House Keeping The workplace is clean before, during and after the activity/ Less 1 point for every dirt observed

Finished Design Neat and presentable output and / Less 1 point for every unusual marks at the output

63

PCB. A. Boring/Drilling B. Etching C. Soldering D. Tracing 6-10. Draw the block diagram of a regulated power supply. Suggested Scoring Rubrics

CRITERIA SCORE

Complete blocks and symbol with labels. 5

With only one block or symbol or label missing 4

With two blocks or two symbols or two labels or any two

combinations missing.

3

With three blocks or three symbols or three labels or any three


2

With four blocks or four symbols or four labels or any four


1

No drawing. 0

11-20. Explain the procedures in soldering and desoldering.

Suggested Scoring Rubrics

CRITERIA 5 3 2 1

ORGANIZATION

Sequence and

transition of

ideas was

effective.

Some ideas

and sequence

may be

improved.

Some signs

of and/or

change of

ideas.

No idea or

unclear flow

of ideas.

DETAILS Convincingly

interpreted.

Contained

some

appropriate

details or

examples.

Too general. Inappropria

te/off topic

21-30. Performance Test. Perform Soldering and Desoldering.

CRITERIA 5 3 1

Quality

All solders are

smooth, shiny and

no sharp edges.

One to three

solders are not

smooth/shiny and

have sharp edges.

For or more

solders are not

smooth/shiny and

have sharp edges.

Speed

Finished the task

on or before the

given time

Finished the task

beyond the given

time.

Unable to finish

the task.

64

QUARTER II TIME ALLOTMENT: 40 HOURS

LESSON: ASSEMBLE AND DISASSEMBLE CONSUMER ELECTRONIC PRODUCT AND SYSTEM

________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION:

This lesson contains learning activities in assembling and disassembling power supply. You must note that 5s and other safety procedures are incorporated in the activities. Additionally, testing procedure and proper documentation are specified in accordance with standard operating procedure. There are forms to accomplish for proper documentation. Safety practices are expected to be observed at all times. Additionally, learning activities in inspection and testing of finished AC/DC power supply are included. The student can review the previous Learning Outcomes for reference purposes.

II. LO3: ASSEMBLE/ DISASSEMBLE BOARDS

Perform assembling and disassembling processes Observe safety procedure in assembling and disassembling

boards Check assembled product in accordance with quality

standards

III. PRE/DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT Directionss: Read each statement carefully and select the letter of the

correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. It refers to the graphical illustration of an electrical or electronic circuit with the components represented by their symbols.

A. Block Diagram B. Pictorial Diagram

C. Schematic Diagram D. Wiring Diagram

2. It is a heating device that is used in joining wires and components with the aid of lead. A. Flat-head screwdriver B. Philip screwdriver C. Soldering iron D. Soldering iron stand

3. It is an auxiliary component that is used to select the state of the power supply circuit to active and non-active state. A. Selector switch B. Fuse

C. Power switch D. Personal protective equipment 4. What measuring instrument is used to measure AC or DC voltage?

A. Weighing scale B. Speedometer

C. Voltmeter D. Ohmmeter

5. It refers to a part of power supply that is used to select voltage output. A. AC cord B. Power switch

C. Rotary switch D. Reset button

65

ACTIVITY SHEET 3.1

INTERCONNECTING AUXILIARY COMPONENTS OF

AC/DC POWER SUPPLY

Directions: Prepare/ check the materials, tools and instrument listed in the resources. A schematic diagram is provided for your reference in interconnecting the auxiliary components. You will be given one hour for this activity. Follow the given instructions and your work will be graded using the scoring rubrics 3.1.

Resources:

PCB of power supply with soldered components

Soldering tools

Pliers

Screwdrivers

Auxiliary components and chassis of power supply

Working table set for assembling AC/DC Power Supply

66

If all are set, the students will do the following: Mounting of Internal Parts of AC/DC Power Supply

1. Mount the auxiliary components on the chassis. ON/ OFF switch/ Fuse holder with fuse/ AC plug with cord and rubber grommet/ Selector switch with knob/ Neon lamp/ LED/ Transformer

2. Fit the PCB and transformer with nut and bolt (PCB must be equipped with spacer). 3. Guided with schematic diagram, connect the PCB to all auxiliary components. Observe polarity and safety at all times.

3.1 Primary winding/terminal of transformer (0v-220v) to

power cord equipped with fuse, switch and neon lamp. 3.2 Secondary windings (3v. 4.5v, 6v, 9v, and 12v) to rotary switch (poles). 0v will be connected to one of the AC IN of rectifier circuit. throw of the rotary switch to the other AC IN of the rectifier circuit. Observe proper sequence of voltages in doing this.

3.3 Connect the DC output wires with alligator clip. Observe polarity. 3.4 Fix the output indicator (LED) accordingly.

4. Check the connections with an Ohmmeter.

5. Fix the mounting of all the components and make sure to use rubber grommet/bushing for wires going out of the chassis. 6. Double check the connections.

7. Ask your teacher to inspect your work. 8. Plug-in your work and measure output voltages. Start reading voltage from the full left turn of the rotary/ selector switch. The voltage measured must increase as the selector turned right. (around 3v, 4.5v, 6v, 9v, and 12v respectively).

Schematic Diagram of AC/DC Power Supply

67

Sample Orientation of Auxiliary Components and Internal Parts of AC/DC Power Supply

Mounting of Components Sample finished project

68

SELF-CHECK 3.1 INTERCONNECTING AUXILIARY COMPONENTS OF AC/DC POWER

SUPPLY

Directionss: Rate yourself on how competent you have applied the skill in Interconnecting Auxiliary Components of AC/DC Power Supply using the rubrics below. Each criterion has indicators and corresponding points that will guide you in rating your performance. Add the rating to get your total score.

Criteria Rating

Workmanship

Accuracy

SPEED

House Keeping

Total



SCORING RUBRICS CRITERIA SCORE

Workmanship 45 points

Proper tools were used according to their function; PPE and OHS were observed while working.

45

Proper tools were used according to their function; PPE were

observed but some OHS were ignored

40

Proper tools were used according to their function; PPE were not

observed and some OHS were ignored

35

Tools were not used properly; PPE and OHS were observed 25

Some tools were not used properly; some PPE and OHS were ignored 15

Accuracy 45 points

Auxiliary components and PCB were mounted properly; Wires were

arranged accordingly; Indicator light (AC and DC) function; Output voltage

are in increasing order.

45

Auxiliary components and PCB were mounted properly; Wires were arranged accordingly; Indicator light (AC and DC) function; Output voltage

are not in order but of correct value.

40


arranged accordingly; Indicator light (AC and DC) malfunction; Output

voltage is not of correct value.

30

Auxiliary components and PCB were mounted properly; Wires were not


voltage is not of correct value.

25

Auxiliary components and PCB were not mounted properly; Wires were not arranged accordingly; Indicator light (AC and DC) malfunction; Output is

not of correct value.

15

69

Auxiliary components and PCB were not mounted properly; Wires were not


voltage are not achieved.

10

Speed 5 points

Finished task before time frame 5

Finished task 15 minutes after the time frame 4

Finished task 30 minutes after the time frame 3

Finished task 31 minutes and more 2

Housekeeping 5 points

The whole area was cleaned before and after the assembly 5

The whole area was dirty at the start but cleaned after the assembly 4

The whole area was cleaned before the assembly but left dirty after 3

The area was dirty before and after the assembly process 1

TOTAL 100%

Rating System


95- 100 Outstanding

80 - 94 Very Satisfactory

75 – 79 Satisfactory

74 and below Needs Improvement

IV. LO4: TEST and INSPECT ASSEMBLED PRODUCTS

• Test finished products in accordance with standard operating procedure

• Document completed work • Perform proper housekeeping

V. PRE/ DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT

Directionss: Read each statement and write the term being described in

each number on your answer sheet. 1. It is a set of TECHNIQUES providing standard approach to good housekeeping within the school compound.

A. 5S B. Safety rules

C. Personal protective equipment D. Safety shoes

2. It is a component of 5s that refers to segregating useful from non-useful items.

A. Sanitize B. Sort C. Sweep D. Systematize

3. It means to maintain a clean work place. A. Sanitize B. Sort C. Sweep D. Systematize

4. It is one approach to practice sorting. A. Disposal B. Procuring C. Recycling D. Cleaning

5. It refers to sustaining the first three S and allotting certain minutes to maintain high standard of housekeeping.

A. Sanitize B. Sort C. Standardize D. Systematize

70


5 S

5s is a set of techniques used in the industry that could provide

standard approach to good housekeeping within the school compound. In

industry, this can increase production, improves quality, reduces costs,

maximize and value the time, improves safety and morale to which could

also happen to school. Practicing 5s could make the school more conducive

place of learning and improves character of students as well.

Components of 5s

SORT : Identify and separate necessary items from the unnecessary by (a) Segregating useful from non-useful items; (b) Recycling items; (c) Disposing properly non-useful items (bio-degradable or non-biodegradable)

Procedures: STEP 1: Look around your workplace with your colleagues. Identify items which are unnecessary to your work. Start with a RED TAG CAMPAIGN. Decide the maximum number of any type of item to be retained. Then dispose ALL unnecessary items. STEP 2: A Disposal Notice with a date can be done to an item that you cannot decide if it is necessary or not, and set the item aside. After a period of time, check if no one needed the item. If no one needed the item, disposal can be done.

Supplemental multimedia online resource: Youtube:5S – Sort http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=063muGMJ3ME&list=PLF5F14A2C245E70EB Date obtained: October 9, 2013

SYSTEMATIZE: Neat placement and identification of needed items by (a) Studying the use of items and the frequency of their use; (b) Considering

space or location for storing the things needed to be kept and to be disposed; and (c) Making safety the priority.

Procedures: STEP 1: Make sure that all unnecessary items are eliminated from your workplace. Then think of what things should be put where, taking into account the flow of your work. STEP 2: Put most frequently needed items close to the user, so as to minimize the movement of the person. Things which are not so often used could be placed slightly further away.

You can make a plan with your colleagues based on these principles and locate things accordingly.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=063muGMJ3ME&list=PLF5F14A2C245E70EB

71

STEP 3 Make sure that everyone at your home/workplace knows what are kept were for efficient use. Make a list of things with their locations and put it on lockers/cabinets. Label each drawer/cupboard to show what is kept inside.

Supplemental multimedia online resource: Youtube:5S – Set in Order http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6H_OZJH8LT4&list=PLF5F14A2C245E70EB Date obtained: October 9, 2013

SWEEP: Maintaining a clean work place; arranging things in order; Placing proper labels or tags.

Start from the top Clean as you work Smell unusual odors Observe unusual movements Clean with inspection Choose a 5S Day Never throw anything and make it your habit Learn to pick-up tiny pieces of waste around you. Clean as you go.

Supplemental multimedia online resource: Youtube:5S – Shine http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubICf9bgXHc&list=PLF5F14A2C245E70EB Date obtained: October 9, 2013 STANDARDIZE: Standardize clean-up activities by (a) Sustaining five-

minute daily clean up habit; (b) Keeping a balance between personal cleanliness and the cleanliness of the environment; (c) Avoiding littering; Learning to pick-up tiny pieces of waste around; (d) Maintain

high standard of housekeeping or equipment cleaning and checking procedures.

Supplemental multimedia online resource: Youtube:5S – Standardize http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mwx0fhza4i4&list=PLF5F14A2C245E70EB Date obtained: October 9, 2013

SELF-DISCIPLINE

Instilling the ability of doing things the way they are supposed to be done; becoming a role model by treating your school as your second home; influencing others to join in keeping a well-maintained study area; aiming for constant improvement; do things spontaneously without being told or ordered is to make everyone practice 4S

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6H_OZJH8LT4&list=PLF5F14A2C245E70EB

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubICf9bgXHc&list=PLF5F14A2C245E70EB

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mwx0fhza4i4&list=PLF5F14A2C245E70EB

72

WILLINGLY and spontaneously as a habit or way of life. There is no other way to foster such culture than practicing 4S regularly until such time when everyone becomes FOND of 5S. Self-discipline is a good tradition.

The following must be emphasized to create and motivate all students to practice this 5s:

Treat the School as your (own) second home. You are spending more of your ‘waking time’ in school than at home. Your school is an important place where you acquire knowledge and

skills needed in life.

Supplemental multimedia online resource: Youtube:5S – Sustain http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlYI9cLuCz4&list=PLF5F14A2C245E70EB Date obtained: October 9, 2013

SELF-CHECK 4.1

5 S

Directions: Read each statement and write the term being described in each number on your answer sheet.

1. It is a set of techniques that could provide standard approach to good housekeeping within the school compound.

2. It is a component of 5s that refers to segregating useful from non-useful items.

3. It means to maintain a clean work place. 4. It is done by studying the use of items and the frequency of their use. 5. It refers to doing things spontaneously without being told or ordered. 6. It is done by maintaining a regular practice of the first 3s. 7. It is one approach to practice sorting. 8. Identification is one way of showing systematic approach in a workplace

that is done through _________. 9-10. It must be emphasized that your school is an important place where

you can acquire these two things.

ACTIVITY SHEET 4.1 Practicing 5s

Directions: Provided with necessary information, the students will be grouped into four. Each group will be given an area to which they will practice or apply the principle of 5s. They will be given fifteen minutes for this activity. A student write-up will be submitted after the time allotment to which, they can suggest activities in order to implement 5s in the

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlYI9cLuCz4&list=PLF5F14A2C245E70EB

73

school. (This activity can be applied for a daily routinary activity and teacher will rate each group prior to the principle of 5s).Your group will be rated using the assessment checklist 4.1. Resources:

5s principles

Activity sheet (Student write-up) Designated area for each group

SELF-CHECK 4.1

5s

Directions: Rate yourself on how competently you have applied the skill in 5s using the criteria below. Checking on the appropriate box (points 1 to 5, 5 being the highest). Compute for the rating by dividing each item by 5, multiply by 100. Average the rating of the five criteria to get the

final rating. A deduction of 1 for everything missed.



Rating System

Score in Percent Descriptive Grade

95% - 100% Outstanding

80% - 94% Very Satisfactory

75% - 79% Satisfactory

74% and below Needs Improvement

Criteria Description Rating

5 4 3 2 1

Sorting Arrange the items in the assigned work area

Systematize

The materials/ things in the area was properly labeled and in proper sequence

Sanitize The area was clean (floor/ ceilings/ all things free from dirt/ dust/ moisture)

Speed Finished within the time/ Less 1 point for every five minutes delay

Workmanship Group cooperation was observed

74

ACTIVITY SHEET 4.2

TESTING THE FINISHED AC-DC POWER SUPPLY

Directionss: Provided with necessary tools and instrument, the student will now test the finished power supply in accordance with quality standards. Follow the procedures given to finish this job.

Resources: Finished Power Supply

Measuring Instrument (Multitester)

Activity sheets

Schematic Diagram

Procedure in Testing the Finished Power Supply

1. Inspect the mounting of the PCB, transformer, rotary switch, and other auxiliary components if it is fixed properly. 2. Check the connection of wires for good solder and proper connection in accordance with the schematic diagram. 3. With the use of multitester (set at range X 1), check the resistance from the AC plug (switched “ON” and “OFF”) and the resistance at the alligator clip (rotating the selector switch). It is a must that no short circuit reading will be encountered. If this happen, do not attempt to energize your project until the problem is solved. 4. If everything is okay, plug the unit to AC outlet, make sure that the power switch is turned off. 5. Turn the power switch “ON”. The neon lamp and LED must light. 6. Rotate the selector switch and stop at its full left turn. 7. Measure the output voltage: 7.1 Set the multitester at range setting 50 V DC (the assumed maximum voltage is around twelve volts) 7.2 Connect the test probe to the alligator clip observing the polarity. 7.3 Read the voltage at the full left then record it, then rotate the

selector once to the right, then read again until to the last set of the selector. 8. For reference purposes, measure the supply AC voltage at the primary and the secondary voltage. Record the readings.

Note: ensure meter is set to AC. Observe safety when measuring AC voltage.

9. Fill Table 4.1 (Reference Voltage Measurement) with the measured voltage at the primary and output terminals for future references. 10. If necessary, take a picture of the finished AC/DC Power Supply for documentation purposes. Keep the design with the schematic diagram and the reference voltages for future use. 11. Practice the principle of 5s at all times.

75

Table 4.2 Reference Voltage Measurement

AC/DC Power Supply

Name: Date Performed:

Note: Position 1 is set at the full left of the selector switch.

SELF-CHECK 4.2

TESTING THE FINISHED AC-DC POWER SUPPLY

Directionss: Rate yourself on how competently you have applied the skill in testing the finished AC-DC power supply using the criteria below by checking on the appropriate box (points 1 to 5, 5 being the highest). Compute for the rating by multiplying the score by the corresponding percentage of every criterion. Add the four ratings to get the final rating.

Criteria % Score

Rating 5 4 3 2 1

Workmanship 45

Accuracy 45

SPEED 5

House Keeping 5

Total 100



Voltage Position Setting range Measured Voltage

DC

1

50 V DC

2

3

4

5

AC Secondary

0v to 3v

50 V AC

0v to 4.5v

0v to 6v

0v to 9v

0v to 12v

Primary 0v to 220v 220 V AC

76

SCORING RUBRICS

CRITERIA SCORE

Workmanship 45%

1. Conduct continuity test accordingly before energizing the unit; Followed

the Procedure.

5

2. Conduct continuity test on higher setting range before energizing the unit;

Followed the procedure .

4

3. Conduct continuity test accordingly before energizing the unit; Disregard

the testing procedure.

3

4. Conduct continuity test on higher setting range before energizing the unit;

Followed the testing procedure .

2

5. Did not conduct continuity test and disregard the testing procedure. 1

Accuracy 45%

1. Measured proper sequence of voltages using appropriate setting range. 5

2. Measured proper sequence of voltages using one setting range. 4

3. Measured proper sequence of voltages using inappropriate setting range. 3

4. Measured output voltages in random using one setting range. 2

5. Measured output voltages in random using inappropriate setting range. 1

Speed 5%

1. Finished task before time frame (ten minutes time allotment) 5

2. Finished task 3 minutes after the time frame 4

3. Finished task 5 minutes after the time frame 3

4. Finished task 15 minutes and more 2

Housekeeping 5%

1. The whole area was cleaned before and after the activity 5

2. The whole area was cleaned before the activity but dirty after 4

3. The whole area was dirty at the start but cleaned after 3

4. The area was dirty before and after the activity. 2

Rating System

Score in Percent Descriptive Grade

95% - 100% Outstanding

80% - 94% Very Satisfactory

75% - 79% Satisfactory

74% and below Needs Improvement

77

VI. Summative Assessment

I. Directions: Identify what component of 5S are shown in the following:

1. Neat placement and identification of needed items by studying them the

frequency of their use. 2. Identify and separate necessary items from the unnecessary by segregating useful from non-useful items. 3. Instilling the ability of doing things the way they are supposed to be done. 4. Maintaining a clean work place. 5. Maintain high standard of housekeeping or equipment cleaning and checking procedures.

II. Multiple Choice. Write only the letter of the best answer.

6. Which of the following is an example of auxiliary component of power supply? A. Filter Capacitor B. Light Emitting Diode C. Rectifier Diode D. Resistor

7. This uses standardized symbols for components and connections. A. Block Diagram B. Pictorial Diagram C. Schematic Diagram D. Wiring Diagram

8. In measuring output voltage, it is highly advised to set the initial voltmeter range setting ___ assumed voltage. A. Exact to B. Higher than C. Lower than D. Off 9. Do not turn-on your device in checking this. A. Current B. Resistance C. Voltage D. All of the above

10. It is a part of power supply that is used to choose desired voltage. A. Power Switch B. Reset Switch C. Selector Switch D. All of the above

III. Directions: Arrange the following procedures in assembling power supply by writing numbers 1-8 on the space provided for where 1 is the first step and 8 as the last.(10 pts)

CRITERIA AND EQUIVALENT POINT

10- All procedures in their correct places/sequences.

9-At least one procedure is omitted/repeated or not in its correct place/order. 8 - At least two procedures are omitted/repeated or not in correct places/order. 7- At least three procedures are omitted/repeated or not in their correct places/order. 5- At least four procedures are omitted/repeated or not in their correct places/order. 3-At least five procedures are omitted/repeated or not in their correct places/order. 2-At least six procedures are omitted/repeated or not in their correct places/order. 1-At least seven procedures are omitted/repeated or not in their correct places/order. 0-All procedures are omitted/repeated or not in their correct places/order.

78

_____Check the connections with an Ohmmeter.

_____Plug your work and measure output voltages. _____Mount the auxiliary components on the chassis. _____Guided with schematic diagram, connect the PCB to all auxiliary components. _____Double check the connections. _____Fit the PCB and transformer with nut and bolt. _____Fix the mounting of all the components and make sure to use rubber bushing for wires going out of the chassis. _____Ask your teacher to inspect your work.

IV. Performance Test. A. Interconnecting Auxiliary Components of Power Supply (10 pts)

Directionss: Prepare/ check the materials, tools and instrument listed in the resources. A schematic diagram is provided for your reference in interconnecting the auxiliary components. You will be given one hour for this activity. Follow the given instructions and your work will be graded using the following scoring rubrics.

Scoring rubrics for Interconnecting Auxiliary Components of AC/DC Power Supply

CRITERIA SCORE

Workmanship Proper tools were used according to their function; PPE and OHS

were observed while working.

5

Proper tools were used according to their function; PPE were

observed but some OHS were ignored

4

Proper tools were used according to their function; PPE were not

observed and some OHS were ignored

3

Tools were not used properly; PPE and OHS were observed 2

Some tools were not used properly; some PPE and OHS were ignored 1

Accuracy


arranged accordingly; Indicator light (AC and DC) function; Output voltage are achieved.

5


arranged accordingly; Indicator light (AC and DC) function or

malfunctions; Output voltage are not in order.

4




3

Auxiliary components and PCB were mounted properly; Wires were not arranged accordingly; Indicator light (AC and DC) malfunction; Output


2

Auxiliary components and PCB were not mounted properly; Wires were not



1

TOTAL 10

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Content Standard Performance Standard The learner demonstrates understanding of the concepts in maintaining and repairing appliances with motor and with heating element: 1. blender 2. electric fan

The learner independently maintains and repairs appliances with motor and with heating element: 1. blender 2. electric fan

QUARTER III TIME ALLOTMENT: 40 HOUR

LESSON: MAINTAIN AND REPAIR ELECTRONICALLY-CONTROLLED

DOMESTIC APPLIANCES

_______________________________

I. INTRODUCTION:

This module consists of four (4) learning outcomes which will help teach

the maintenance and repair of electronically-controlled domestic appliance (blender and electric fan). Each learning outcome contains information and learning activities supported by self-check. Before you perform the instructions, read the information sheets and answer the self-check and activities provided to ascertain to yourself and your teacher that you have acquired the knowledge necessary to perform the skill portion of the particular learning outcome. Procedure in pre-testing Electronically-Controlled Electric Fan (ECEF) and Blender are included to address the requirements to complete the lesson.

II. LO1: PREPARE UNIT, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND WORKPLACE FOR MAINTENANCE/ REPAIR

Prepare necessary tools, test instrument and personal protective equipment in line with job requirements

Acquire service manuals and service information required for repair/ maintenance as manufacturer’s specifications

Conduct complete check-up of electronically-controlled domestic appliances

Document the identified defects based on check-up conducted

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III. PRE/DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT

I. Directions: Read each statement carefully and select the term being asked. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It refers to the appliances usually used at home like microwave oven, blender, washing machine, flat iron, etc. A. Commercial appliances B. Domestic appliances C. Industrial appliances D. Internal appliances

2. It is a device that opens the electrical circuit after a predetermined period of time elapses. A. Non-electrical components B. On/Off switch C. Thermistor D. Timer

3. It is used to designate the operating and the inoperative state of a device or unit. A. Non-electrical components B. On/Off switch C. Thermistor D. Timer 4. It is a motorized small appliance thatmixes, chops, and grates food.

A. Blender B. Jar C. Latch switch D. Lamp 5. It is made of glass, plastic, or stainless steel and often has graduated markings for approximate measuring purposes. A. Blender B. Jar C. Latch switch D. Lamp 6. It is the amount of voltage and frequency available at our convenience outlet at home. A. 110vAC/50Hz B. 110vAC/60Hz C. 220vAC/ 50Hz D. 220vAC/ 60Hz

7. It is a push button switch that controls the operation of the

electric fan by hand. A. Manual control B. Power controller C. Remote control D. Timer

8. A low reactance capacitor connected in series with the start winding

of an electric fan. A. Filter capacitor B. Blocking capacitor C. Starting capacitor D. Coupling capacitor

9. It is a part of the blender where the container rests upon which contains

a motor for turning the blade assembly and has controls on its surface. A. Base B. Lid C. Jar D. Power cord

10. It is an electronic switching circuit driven by a command by

means of soft-touch switch system or from a remote command. A. Comparator B. Manual Control C. Power Controller D. Switch Box

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INFORMATION SHEET 1.1 TOOLS AND MATERIALS IN MAINTAINING ELECTRONICALLY-

CONTROLLED DOMESTIC APPLIANCE In every electronic work, it is a must to prepare first the necessary tools, materials, and equipment needed as well as other information needed. The following list of tools, materials, and equipment are needed in maintaining and repairing electronically-controlled domestic appliance:

Name Actual Picture Soldering tools: Soldering iron Soldering lead Desoldering tool Soldering stand

Screwdriver Flat head Philip

Pliers Diagonal cutting pliers Long nose pliers

Wire stripper Utility knife

Multitester/ Volt-Ohm-Milliammeter (VOM) Analog

PPE EDS wrist strap Mask Apron

Non-static brush Cable tie

82

Combination wrench Adjustable plier


OPERATION OF AN ELECTRIC FAN, PARTS AND FUNCTIONS

Operation of an electric fan

Electric Fan is an air moving machine used to cool with an AC

motor connected to the 60 Hz power source which converts electrical

energy to mechanical energy in order to generate a moving air. It is a power driven machine capable of providing high air flow parallel to the axis of the motor shaft where an axially mounted impeller or fan blade

agitates the air. The air velocity/delivery of the electric fan is controlled by a mechanical speed selector switch for old models and

electronically controlled speed selector switch for new models. Timer is also included for fully automatic operations.

PARTS OF AN ELECTRONICALLY-CONTROLLED ELECTRIC FAN (Stand Fan)

Front Guard. It is a protective metal mesh wire used to prevent the fan blade from any physical contact with foreign objects.

83

Guard Mark. It is a logo of the manufacturer of the electric fan

which is mounted at the center of the front guard.

Switch Box . It is a panel board for the controls of the electric

fan.

Inner Pipe. It is a metal tube inserted into the outer tube

intended for the proper height adjustment of the electric fan.

Outer Pipe. It is a metal tube attached to the base stand of the

electric fan.

Base Stand. It is the bottom or lowest part of the electric fan

where it stands on and serves as a foundation.

Blade. It is a propeller made out of plastic or metal attached to

the motor shaft which agitates air when the motor rotates.

Remote Control.It is a transmitter device used to control the

electric fan from a distance.

Exploded view of Electric Fan (upper part)

(Source: SEALEY POWER PRODUCTS www.sealey.co.uk)

84

Block Diagram of Electronically-Controlled Electric Fan (ECEF)

Power Controller. It is an electronic switching circuit driven by a command by means of soft-touch switch system or from

a remote command.

Disassembled Motor Housing of an Orbit Fan

85

Sensor. It is the input receiver that detects input signal

coming from remote control.

Manual Control. It is a push button switch that controls

manually the operation of the electric fan.

Non-polarized Capacitor. A low reactance non-polar

capacitor connected in series with the start winding of an electric fan.

Timer. It is used to switch on or switch off automatically

with predetermined time.

Comparator. It is a processing circuit that accepts the

input signal coming from remote control, manual switch, or timer switch. This circuit provides the triggering voltage to

the power controller.

AC Motor. It is a rotating electric machine which changes

applied electrical energy or power into mechanical output energy or power.

AC Plug. It is a connector intended for connecting to the main source 220 V.

86

SELF-CHECK 1.2 PARTS OF ELECTRIC FAN

Directionss: Identify the parts/block of an electronically-controlled electric fan indicated by number. Write your answer on your answer sheet. Do not write anything on this module.

I. Stand Fan II. Block Diagram

III. Exploded View (upper part)

87


BLENDER

A blender is…

a motorized small kitchen appliance that blends, chops, and grates food.

a handy electrical gadget that

makes chopping and mixing food easier.

a liquidizer or kitchen appliance used to mix ingredients or make puree.

a stationary, upright electrical device which is distinguished from a hand-powered or electric mixer that may be used for similar purposes.

How a blender operates

A blade inside a jar is connected to a motor shaft inside the unit. The blade speed is controlled by varying electric current at the motor using one or more switches.

Blenders are used both at home and commercial kitchens for various purposes:

to crush ice in drinks; to make smooth purées of semi-solid ingredients such as

cooked vegetables and meat; to reduce small solids such as spices and seeds to powder

or nut butters; to blend mixtures of powders, granules, and/or liquids

thoroughly; and to help dissolve solid into liquid.

88

Parts of a blender

89

Parts and Functions of a Blender

Blending container (jar) is made of glass, plastic, or stainless steel, and often has graduated markings for approximate measuring purposes.

Lid is at the top of the container in order to prevent ingredients from spill out during operation. The fill cap is a removable insert that allows more items to be added to the jar without removing the entire lid.

Blade assembly is located at the bottom which could be removed for cleaning purposes. In cases where the blades are removable,

the container should have an “o-ring” between the body of the container and the base to seal both and prevent the contents from leaking.

Base is where the container rests upon which contains a motor for turning the blade assembly and has controls on its surface.

Selector switch is used to control the speed of the motor. It comes in different speed. Modern blenders offer a number of possible speeds.

The power train of a blender (motor). Is a fan-cooled electric motor which is secured into the housing by way of vibration dampeners and a small output shaft penetrates the upper housing and meshes with the blade assembly.

Parts of a Blender (Philips Domestic Appliances-Blender HR 1754)

Part

No. Part Name

Part

No. Part Name

1 Panel 8 Motor

2 Drive Coupling 9 Bottom

3 Safety Switch 10 Stud

4 Housing 11 Safety Lid

5 3-Speed Switch 12 Jar Lid

6 Flex 13 Jar Assembly

7 Motor Cushion 14 Fruit/ Soybean Filter

90

Exploded view of disassembled blender

(Philips Domestic Appliances-Blender HR 1754)

14

91

Schematic and Wiring Diagram of a Blender

Source: Philips Domestic Appliances and Personal Care/ Blender/ Service Manual

92

SELF CHECK 1.3 Blender

A. Identify the part of blender that is being described. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is a handy electrical device/domestic appliance that makes

chopping and mixing food easier. 2. It is part of a blender which is made of glass or plastic with

graduated marking for approximate measuring purposes. 3. It is secured into the housing by way of vibrating dampeners, with a small output shaft penetrating the upper housing and meshing with the blade assembly. 4. It is a part of a blender which prevents ingredients from spill out during operation. 5. It contains a motor for turning the blade assembly and has controls on its surface. 6-7. These are two applications or uses of a blender.

B. Identify the parts of blender (Philips Domestic Appliances-Blender HR 1754)

as numbered. 8-15.

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ACTIVITY 1.1 RECEIVING ELECTRONICALLY-CONTROLLED DOMESTIC

APPLIANCE FOR MAINTAIN/ REPAIR Directions: Provided with the defective Domestic Appliance (1 electric fan/ 1 blender), use maintain and repair FORM to gather and document the information about the appliance at hand. Follow the procedures below: Resources: Domestic appliance: Electric Fan or Blender (preferably electronically-controlled)

Maintain and repair form

1. Conduct an initial interview to the owner of the appliance.

Ask what the problem is.

Request for the details of the problem (how does it happen/ since when/ nature of the problem)

2. As serviceman, you must realize the problem/ complain. 3. Make an initial inspection/ testing of the appliance.

Physical appearance

Operating controls

Power cord 4. Formulate initial diagnosis regarding the problem. 5. Take note of the information gathered and observed. 6. Discuss the diagnosis to the owner. 7. Accomplish Maintain and Repair form.

Maintain and Repair Form Customer’s name: ________________________________________________________

Address:__________________________________________________________________ Product/ Brand name:____________________________________________________ Serial no:_________________________________________________________________ Complain:________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Condition/ Remarks: _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Comments/ initial diagnosis:______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Customer’s Signature: ____________________________________________________ Student technician signature:______________________________________________ Date: _______________________

94

SELF-CHECK CHECK 1.1 RECEIVING ELECTRONICALLY-CONTROLLED DOMESTIC

APPLIANCE FOR MAINTAIN/ REPAIR

Directionss: Read the questions and answer by checking the appropriate

box.

Did you collect the : YES NO

1. name and address of the owner?

2. product/ brand/ name and serial number?

3. complain and the remarks/ condition of the appliance?

4. confirm the complain?

5. relay your diagnosis to the owner?

5 Yes Remarks 4 Yes Remarks

Excellent Very Satisfactory

3 Yes Remarks 1-2 Yes Remarks

Satisfactory Needs Improvement

Student’s Signature______________________ Date: ______________

Teacher’s Signature______________________ Date: ______________

95

IV. LO2: DIAGNOSE FAULTS OF ELECTRONICALLY-CONTROLLED DOMESTIC APPLIANCES

Observe systematic pre-testing procedure in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions

Check and isolate circuits using specified testing procedure

Document results of diagnosis and testing accurately and completely within the specified timeframe

Explain identified defects based on the result of diagnosis and testing

Provide data/ information regarding the status and serviceability of the unit as per procedure

V. PRE/DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT I. Read statements below and give possible problem/defect it may cause. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Defective rotor (end bents). 2. Inadequate lubricant with accumulated dirt. 3. Loose guard mark screw and worn out shaft washers. 4. Defective switch or electronic system control. 5. Defective stator.

6. It is necessary in testing “on board components. 7. There is a foreign material between cutter and base assembly. 8. Continuous operation of the blender. 9. Lid gasket not properly set. 10. Too much ingredients.

96


Procedure and Techniques in Troubleshooting an Electronically-Controlled Domestic Appliance

Electric Fan (ECEF)/ Blender

For complete detailed information of domestic appliance, a service manual must be provided for every brand/ model/ type. However, you can use the information that follows as guide as you diagnose faults and test parts of ECEF and blender.

Troubleshooting Guide

1. Conduct a quick diagnosis of the trouble symptom and repair the defective set in the shortest possible time. Do not troubleshoot an electric fan/ blender unless you have determined the fault. Trace the fault from the mechanical section or electrical circuit section.

2. When troubleshooting integrated circuits (ICs) in the electrical/electronic circuit section, do not remove the IC from the PCB. Secure a circuit diagram from the manufacturer to help you identify the function of the IC. Consider the pin out of the IC.

3. When troubleshooting in the electrical/ electronic circuit section, prior to pre-testing, consider voltage measurement on components first before removing it for testing. If the measured voltage is normal, the component might be the cause of the problem. Either way, if the measured voltage is not normal (increased or decreased) the preceding circuit/ components might be the cause.

4. If the trouble symptom is caused by aging components, the defective component is usually one of them. However, in high-power-handling circuits, a defective component may cause other components to malfunction.

5. Be familiar with the usual defects of components. (e.g. capacitors usually become leaky, shorted or open/ resistor increase their

resistance when they become defective/ semi-conductors such as transistors usually become open or shorted)

6. Don’t replace an opened fuse or burned resistor unless you have corrected the trouble.

7. Always suspect a faulty contact on mechanical switch circuit rather than defective electronic components.

8. When measuring resistance in the circuit, make sure that the circuit if OFF and power is not being supplied in the circuit, and that stored charges in capacitors are properly discharged. Failure to do so can damage the volt-ohm-milliameter (VOM) and the circuit due to the low resistance of the ohmmeter.

9. While using a VOM for in-circuit resistance measurement, always exchange the setting of positive and negative probes. Take the higher

meter reading with the approximate resistance. 10. Use soldering irons with the proper power rating to prevent the

97

components and the circuit board from being overheated and damaged. Soldering iron tips should be cleaned and preferably slim. 11. Use proper tools and soldering aids when troubleshooting PCB.

Ground the soldering iron to avoid damaging ICs and transistors. 12. Dry solder joints are hard to detect. However, when they are found or suspected, remove the components from the PCB; then, file or clean the leads and solder the joints back. Reheating dry joints with a new soldering lead is another remedy. When re-soldering, make sure you do not overheat the components. Overheating the PCB may cause the copper layer on it to warp and peel off.

13. USE Personal Protective Equipment.

ELECTRONICALLY-CONTROLLED ELECTRIC FAN

A. Mechanical faults

PROBLEM/SYMPTOMS

CHECKS TO BE MADE

SYSTEM DEFECTS/FAULTS

1. Doesn’t rotate

A. Check the bent shaft. Defective rotor

B. Verify if the shaft is seized. Defective rotor and end bent

2. Can’t rotate automatically

A. Check if the motor is binding up.

Defective motor

3. Slow rotation

A. Check if the shaft is slightly bent.

Defective rotor

B. Check for an oiling and dirt build up.

Defective rotor Inadequate lubricant with accumulated dirt

C. Verify if oil is sufficient. Poor lubrication

4. Noisy operation

A. Check for any worn bearing. Defective yoke or motor metal cover

B. Check for a loose guard mark . Loose guard mark screw

C. Check loose guard fitter. Loosen guard mark fitter

D. Check for an improperly balanced blade or broken blade.

Defective fan blade

E. Check for a loose spinner Loosen spinner

F. Check if there is too much front to back play in the motor shaft.

Worn out shaft washers

G. Check for an oil and dirt build up.

Poor lubrication with accumulated dirt

H. Check if oil is sufficient. Inadequate lubricant

98

I. Check for any improper mounting of the front and or rear guard.

Misaligned front and rear guards

J. Check if there are loose screws. Loosen screws (loose)

K. Check for rotor rubbing against housing insulation or wiring.

Misaligned and dirt build-up in the rotor

5. No oscillation or unsteady oscillation

A. Check for a broken, stripped or bent part in the clutch or knee joint system.

Defective clutch assembly or knee joint system

B. Check for a slippage or wear of worm wheel.

Defective worm wheel

C. Check for a disengagement of clutch cover.

Loosen clutch cover

D. Check for a detached oscillating rod set screw.

Loosen oscillating rod set screw

E. Check for a broken oscillating rod pin.

Defective knee joint upper part assembly

F. Check for a disengaged and loose gear set screw.

Loosen gear set screw

G. Check for a bent oscillating rod. Defective oscillating rod

H. Check for a disengaged and loose clutch ball.

Defective clutch shaft

I. Check for a bent yoke (frame) shaft.

Defective yoke shaft

J. Check for a worn rotor shaft worm.

Defective rotor

6. Imperfect oscillation (clutch lever system)

A. Check for a tight operation of oscillation switch.

Defective oscillating switch

B. Check for an excessively high outer wire position.

Misaligned fitting in the high outlet wire position

C. Check for a loosen outer wire set screw.

Loosen outlet wire set screw

7. Unsteady oscillation A. Check for a worm wheel. Defective worm gear

B. Check for an excessive thrust. Misaligned thrust

C. Check for a bent yoke (frame) shaft.

Defective shaft

D. Check for a loosened oscillating rod set pin.

Loosen set pin and calk pin

E. Check for a loosened oscillating rod screw.

Loosen rod set screws calk screws

F. Check for an excessive oscillating rod bore.

Defective oscillating rod

G. Check for a worm gear shaft metal.

Defective cover

H. Check for a disengaged gear set screws.

Loosen gear set screws

I. Check for an excessive gear Misaligned thrust

99

thrust

8. Unsteady or imperfect vertical movement

A. Check for a clogging of free stop bushing.

Misaligned bushing

B. Electrical faults

C. Possible faults and corresponding remedies

TROUBLE POSSIBLE FAULTS CORRESPONDING

REMEDIES

Rotation Doesn’t Rotate

Bent shaft Replace the motor assembly.

Open switch Replace the switch.

Shaft is seized Replace rotor and end bell.

Open stator Replace the motor assembly.

Open AC cord or wiring Repair or replace the defective component.

Rotation Starts to rotate only by manual

Open start winding Repair the lead wire to winding or replace stator.

Shorted capacitor Replace the capacitor.

Motor is binding up

PROBLEM/SYMPTOMS CHECKS TO BE

MADE SYSTEM

DEFECTS/FAULTS

1. Doesn’t rotate

A. Check for an open stator.

Defective stator

B. Check for an open AC cord or wiring.

Defective wiring/AC cord

C. Check for an open AC line fuse.

Defective fuse

D. Check for an open thermal cut-off (inside the motor).

Defective thermal cut-off

E. Check for an open speed selector switch.

Defective switch/electronic system control

F. Check for a defective system control.

Defective module(system control)

2. Starts to rotate only by manual turning of the shaft

A. Check for a shorted capacitor.

Defective capacitor

B. Check for an open start winding.

Defective stator

100

turning of the shaft.

Rotation Rotation is Slow

Bent shaft Replace the motor assembly.

Oil and dirt buildup Clean and lubricate.

Lack of oil Lubricate

Noise Noisy

Worn bearing Replace the yoke or its cover.

Loose guard mark Fasten the guard mark screw.

Loose guard fitter Tighten the guard filter.

Imbalanced or broken blade Replace the blade.

Loose spinner Tighten the loosen spinner.

Too much front to back play in the motor shaft

Adjust by adding shaft washers.

Oil and dirt buildup Clean and lubricate.

Lacks of oil Lubricate the screws.

Improper mounting of the front and/or rear guard

Re – adjust the screws.

Loose screws Tighten the screw.

Rotor rubbing against housing insulation or wiring

Disassemble, clean, and adjust the rotor if necessary.

Oscillation No oscillation or unsteady oscillation

Broken, stripped or bent part in clutch or knee joint system

Inspect, repair, and replace parts if necessary.

Automatic oscillation system Non-oscillation

Slippage or wear of the worn wheel

Replace the worm wheel.

Disengagement of the clutch cover

Tighten the clutch cover.

Disengaged rod set screw Tighten the screw.

Broken rod set pin Replace the knee-joint upper part assembly.

Disengaged and loose gear set screw

Tighten the screw.

Bent rod Adjust or replace the rod.

Disengaged and loose clutch ball

Replace the clutch shaft.

Bent yoke (frame) shaft Adjust or replace the shaft.

Poor gear rotation Adjust or disassemble and clean.

Worn rotor shaft worm Replace the rotor.

Automatic oscillation system Imperfect

Tight operation of oscillation switch

Replace the oscillation switch.

Excessively high outer-wire Adjust fitting.

101

oscillation (clutch lever system)

position

Loose outer-wire set screw Tighten the screw.

Automatic oscillation system Unsteady

oscillation

Worn worm wheel Replace the worn wheel.

Excessive thrust Adjust the thrust.

Bent yoke (frame) shaft Adjust the shaft.

Loosen rod set pin Tighten the pin.

Loosen rod set screw Tighten the screw.

Excessive rod bore Replace the rod.

Worm gear shaft metal Replace the cover.

Disengaged gear set screw Tighten the screw.

Excessive gear thrust Adjust the thrust with the washer.

Height adjustment of standing fan Unsteady or imperfect vertical movement

Clogged of free stop bushing Adjust the bushing.

External appearance Scratch, stain or breakage

Scratch Touch up with a lacquer.

Dirt Wipe off with a cloth, soap and water.

BLENDER

Faults and Trouble of a Blender

If … Possible Cause Remedy

Unit cannot be turned on. Unit stops operation.

Is the jar set properly? Is the lid set properly?

Turn the jar until it stops. Push the lid down completely

Unit does not operate when turned on.

Is the plug connected properly? Aren’t ingredients stuck?

Plug-in properly. Remove all the ingredients once and put them back in the jar.

Unit stops operation during use.

Is circuit breaker protection active? -Too much ingredients. -Hard ingredients. -Unit makes too much sound or vibration.

Follow the instruction for circuit breaker protection.

Ingredients leak from top.

Is the lid gasket set? Set the lid gasket properly.

102

Possible Faults and Corresponding Remedies of the Blender

TROUBLE CAUSE INSPECTION REMEDY

Motor Overheats

1. Overload (with solids or highly viscous ingredient)

Motor is continuously operated for more than thirty minutes.

Check the smoothness of the motor shaft by rotating with hand.

Refer to operating instruction. Explain to

customer that mixer should be operated only for thirty minutes.

Circuit breaker does not work and motor burns.

Circuit breaker failure. Motor burnt.

Using multimeter, check continuity. Using multimeter check Resistance as below a) black to red -20Ω b) black to blue- 22 Ω c. Black to Yellow-24 Ω

Replace circuit breaker Replace the motor

Circuit breaker does not restore

Circuit breaker is open

Check continuity with multimeter

Replace the circuit breaker.

Blade is not rotating.

Upper worn out connector Lower worn out

connector Foreign materials is between cutter and base assembly

Visual Visual Visual

Replace upper connector Replace lower connector Clean the cutter base assembly

103

SELF-CHECK 2.1 Procedure and Techniques in Troubleshooting an Electronically-

Controlled Domestic Appliance ECEF/ Blender

Directionss: On a separate sheet paper, state the problem/ symptoms of the fault/ defects given in each number. 1. Defective rotor or end bents. 2. Inadequate lubricant with accumulated dirt. 3. Loose guard mark screw and worn out shaft washers.

4. Defective switch or electronic system control. 5. Defective stator. 6. Broken rod set pin. 7. Jar not properly set. 8. Too much or hard ingredients. 9. Lid gasket not properly set. 10. Upper worn out connector. 11-15: State at least five troubleshooting guide.

ACTIVITY SHEET 2.1 PRE-TESTING ELECTRONICALLY-CONTROLLED ELECTRIC FAN

Resources: Service manual of ECEF Electric fan (functional and defective) Activity sheet/ record sheet

Tools and Equipment Needed in Troubleshooting Pliers

Mechanical pliers Long nose pliers Side-cutting pliers

Driving tools Wrench (combination) Set of Philip screw drivers

Set of standard (flat) screw drivers Volt-Ohm Milliammeter Cleaning materials PPE

Directionss: Provided with the resources, perform the procedures in pre- testing an ECEF. Consider the precautionary measures given in doing this activity. Provide a work report/write-up after completing the task. Copy and fill-up the given format on a sheet of paper.

104

Procedure in Pre-Testing an ECEF

1. Determine the specific problem.

a. Ask the owner/operator of the electric fan of what is the problem/ complain.

b. Request for the detail of the problem (how the problem do happen and how long it has been observed).

2. Make sure that you know how to operate an ECEF. If not, review the operating manual as well as service manual (if available) of the unit

prior to its testing and operation a. If you have worked on the same unit before, test out to see if it

operates in the same way. b. Determine the last time it has been modified/repaired. c. You must recognize the problem/ complain of the owner to the

unit. 3. Perform visual inspection into the unit.

a. Prepare the tools needed and remove the cover ready for inspection.

b. Apply careful physical inspection on the parts/components. (Look for burned and broken components; Inspect for loose connections or broken wires; Scratches or sign of misuse)

4. For safety reason, check the AC plug of the unit with an ohmmeter and record your findings. With this, you can formulate a diagnosis. 5. Inform the owner about the findings of conducted pre-testing procedure. 6. Record your findings for your reference to troubleshooting/ repairing.

Precautionary Measures in Performing Pre-Testing of an ECEF

1. To avoid the electrical shock, wear rubberized cotton gloves. Keep

your hands dry at all times. 2. Discharge large capacitors by connecting a jumper wire across their

two conducting terminals. 3. Observe the polarity of the components when replacing them. 4. Don’t replace an opened fuse or burned resistor unless you have

corrected the trouble. 5. When replacing the resistor (SCR/TRIAC), the replacement should

have the same current rating. 6. To avoid short circuit to nearby components, use needle-pointed

probes for better contact. 7. Use VOM accordingly.

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Documentation 2.1 Maintain and Repair Form

Customer’s name: ________________________________________________________ Address: __________________________________________________________________ Product/ Brand name: ____________________________________________________ Serial no: _________________________________________________________________ Complain: ________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Condition/ Remarks: _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Comments/ initial diagnosis: ______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Customer’s Signature: ____________________________________________________ Student technician signature: _____________________________________________ Date: _______________________

Teacher’s Initial:___________________

Note: Copy the given format below on a sheet of paper and fill up with necessary information.

SELF-CHECK 2.1 PRE-TESTING ELECTRONICALLY-CONTROLLED ELECTRIC FAN

Directionss: Read the questions and answer by checking the appropriate

box.

Did you: YES NO

1. determine the problem?

2. recognize the complain/ problem?

3. perform visual inspection into the unit?

4. conduct resistance check in the AC plug?

5. inform the owner?

6. accomplish the form?

6 Yes Remarks 5 Yes Remarks Excellent Very Satisfactory 4 Yes Remarks 1-3 Yes Remarks Satisfactory Needs Improvement Student’s Signature______________________ Date: ______________

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Teacher’s Signature______________________ Date: ______________

ACTIVITY SHEET 2.2

PRE-TESTING A BLENDER Resources:

Service manual of Blender Blender (functional and defective) Activity sheet/ record sheet

Tools and Equipment Needed in Troubleshooting Pliers

Mechanical pliers Long nose pliers Side-cutting pliers

Soldering tools Screwdrivers

Set of Philip screw drivers Set of standard (flat) screw drivers

Volt-Ohm Milliammeter Cleaning materials PPE

Directions: Provided with the resources, perform the procedure in

pre-testing a blender. Provide a work report/write-up after completing the task. Accomplish the table after the activity.

Proper Handling/ Pre-testing a Blender

Before using any other accessory, make sure that the power unit is

turned off and placed in a suitable work surface. Put the protective cover over the drive that you will not be using.

1. Before using the blender for the first time, wash the blender bowl; cover funnel, blade assembly, and gasket in warm soapy water. After washing, rinse well and dry them.

2. To assemble the blender, press the gasket into the recess in the blade assembly base.

3. Then, insert the blade assembly into the blender bowl from underneath. Using the lid as a wrench, tighten the blade assembly into place. The blade assembly must be tightened firmly to the bowl/jar to prevent leakage.

4. Turn the blender on the high-speed (upper) drive and turn to the left (counter-clockwise) to lock the blender.

NOTE: Assembling procedure may vary or may be different from various models of a blender. If the given procedure does not fit with the one at hand, refer to owner’s manual or service manual if available.

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Documentation 2.1 Maintain and Repair Form

Customer’s name: ________________________________________________________ Address: __________________________________________________________________ Product/ Brand name: ____________________________________________________ Serial no: _________________________________________________________________ Complain: ________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

Condition/ Remarks: _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Comments/ initial diagnosis: ______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Customer’s Signature: ____________________________________________________ Student technician signature: _____________________________________________ Date: _______________________

Teacher’s Initial:___________________

Note: Copy the given format below on a sheet of paper and fill up with necessary information.

SELF-CHECK 2.2

PRE-TESTING Blender Directionss: Read the questions and answer by checking the appropriate

box.

Did you: YES NO







6 Yes Remarks 5 Yes Remarks Excellent Very Satisfactory 4 Yes Remarks 1-3 Yes Remarks Satisfactory Needs Improvement

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Student’s Signature______________________ Date: ______________ Teacher’s Signature______________________ Date: ______________

VI. SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT I. Directions. Identify the following:

1. Used for safety of the technician and the gadget being tested. A. Pliers B. PPE C. Screw Drivers D. VOM 2. A handy domestic appliance that blends, chops, and grates food. A. Blender B. Electric Fan C. Flat Iron D. Oven 3. A domestic appliance that generates a moving air. A. Blender B. Electric Fan C. Flat Iron D. Oven 4. Should be conducted the soonest time possible. A. Diagnosis B. Maintenance C. Repair D. Troubleshooting 5. It is an electronic switching circuit driven by a command by means of

soft-touch switch system or from a remote command. A. Comparator B. Manual Control C. Power Controller D. Timer

II. Draw the block diagram of Electronically-Controlled Electric Fan 6-15 (10pts)

CRITERIA 10 Complete blocks and with labels.

8 With only one block p or label missing 6 With two blocks or two labels or any two combinations

missing.

4 With three blocks or three labels or any three combinations missing.

2 With four blocks or four labels or any four combinations

missing. 0 No drawing.

III. Directions. Explain the procedures in accepting electronically

controlled appliances and gathering information 16-25 (10pts).

CRITERIA 10 Sequence and transition of ideas was highly effective.

7 Some ideas and sequence may be improved to be highly effective.

5 Some signs of and/or ubrupt change of ideas.

3 Very little or unclear flow of ideas. 0 No idea.

IV. Directions. Perform pre-testing of electronically controlled electric fan by following the checklist 26-30 (5pts).

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CHECKLIST

Did you: YES NO







CRITERIA

5 Accomplished all the tasks. 3 Accomplished at least 3-4 tasks. 1 Accomplished at least 1-3 tasks.

0 Did not accomplish any task.

ces nc ii lmg9 p1 109

Documents

activity sheet

information sheet

prediagnostic lo1

philippines grade

summative assessment

prediagnostic lo3

prediagnostic lo2

prediagnostic lo4