c:\fakepath\the weather tecnologia
TRANSCRIPT
Friday 13, 2010.
SAFETY ?????
During the last two decades, accidents caused by different factors has called the attention from the maritime world. That´s why, after a few maritime disasters people and companies related to this arena, have focused their attention on the causes of these accidents in order to avoid them and this has resulted in a great emphasis on safety in navigation.
2Edilma C. de Llorente
Objectives General Objectives: To give students wide-ranging opportunities
to practice communicating in English for both, maritime and general purposes.
Specific Objectives: To describe weather conditions and
understand forecasts. To identify various incidents at sea. To demonstrate understanding of safety
factors in order to avoid accidents at sea.
3Edilma C. de Llorente
The Weather It´s determined by
various meteorological elements.
TemperatureHumidityCloudinessFogPrecipitationWind
4Edilma C. de Llorente
But...what is the weather?
The weather is the condition of the atmosphere at any particular time and place.
The meterological elements such as temperature, humidity, cloudiness, fog and wind, may be referred to as the weather.
5Edilma C. de Llorente
Meteorological Elements
TEMPERATURE:Scientifically use Kelvin-scale.Commonly uses Celsius-scale.Obsolete Fahrenheit-scale.
HUMIDITY:Amount of water vapor in the air.Maximum amount of moisture is known as saturation.
6Edilma C. de Llorente
Meteorological ElementsCLOUDINESS:
Indicates a imminent changes of weather.Types of clouds: cirrus, stratus and cumulus.
FOG:Cloud that touches the ground.Dense fog are referred as thick weather.7Edilma C. de Llorente
Meteorological ElementsPRECIPITATION:
Formed when the droplets has become sufficiently large to fall to the ground.
WIND:Most important factor.Determined the condition of weather.
8Edilma C. de Llorente
The atmospheric Pressure It is measured by the
height of a column of mercury or with an aneroid barometer.
The average atmospheric pressure at sea level in millibars is 1.013 in winter and 1.016 in summer. 9Edilma C. de Llorente
The Weather Systems There are two
main weather systems in the general weather patterns:
1. The anticyclones and,
2. The depressions or cyclones.
10Edilma C. de Llorente
AnticyclonesA High-Pressure Area
• In the northern hemisphere an anticyclone is a system of wind wich circulates spirally in a clockwise direction around an area of high pressure.
• In the southern hemisphere anticyclonic wind circulates in an anti-clockwise direction, thoug still around a high pressure area.
11Edilma C. de Llorente
Depressions or Cyclones
A Low Pressure Area
In a bad-weather system, the wind blows in an anti-clockwise direction about a centre of low pressure in the northern hemisphere; and in a clockwise direction in the southern hemisphere.
12Edilma C. de Llorente
Tropical Cyclones
13Edilma C. de Llorente
The Beaufort-scale
Wind forces are indicated by the Beaufort-scale used for describing wind speed based mainly on observed sea conditions.
These numbers, ranging from zero (calm) to force 12 (storm), and it refers to the wind speed measured in nautical miles per hour.
14Edilma C. de Llorente
15Edilma C. de Llorente
Application of the Beaufort Scale
16Edilma C. de Llorente
Calm
Storm
EXAMPLES
17Edilma C. de Llorente
Maritime Accidents
These maritime accidents have consecuences such as:
Catastrophicconsecuences
Catastrophicconsecuences
Major consecuences
18Edilma C. de Llorente
Maritime Accidents
Moderateconsecuences
Minorconsecuences
19Edilma C. de Llorente
Types of Accidents
Sinking
Collision Grounding
Fire
Environmental Pollution
20Edilma C. de Llorente
Safety factors Internal Factors
External Factors
Human Factors
21Edilma C. de Llorente
DON´T FORGET…...
To be safety at sea, is of great importance to navigators to follow these steps:
Do a voyage planning before leaving the port
Evaluate the weather conditions of the area you´ll be travelling through.
Work as a team while at sea. Take into consideration all the safety
factors you need to follow in order to be safety at sea.
22Edilma C. de Llorente
23Edilma C. de Llorente