cg 501 ch 5 human development theories

8/13/2019 CG 501 Ch 5 Human Development Theories

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Human Development Theories

Chapter 5, Nugent & JonesIntroduction to the Profession of

CounselingCG 501


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Human Development

These theories influence and underliecounseling theory and practice

Connection to human development theory

helps distinguish counseling from remedialemphasis of psychiatrists, clinicalpsychologists

Emphasis on helping to resolve normalconflicts and maintain healthy personal,social and career development


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Pioneers in

Human Development Theory

Jean Piaget: theory of cognitivedevelopment, focused on childhood

Carl Jung: stages of life (emphasis

on importance of midlife and later) Charlotte Buehler: psychosocial

aspect of devel. through life cycle

Robert Havighurst: also psychosociallife stage model, coined termdevelopmental tasks


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More Recent Life-Span

Development Theories

Erik Erikson: 8 psychosocial stages, eachwith a developmental challenge

(see p. 100 in text)

Lawrence Kohlberg: stages of moraldevelopment; spawned dialogue acrossdisciplines

Adult Development Theories

Perry: college student development Levinson: seasons of a mans life

Gould: transformation via confront. of conflict

Butler: productive aging (anti-ageism)


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Development Theories, contd

Feminist Development Theories

Carol Gilligan: criticized Kohlbergstheory as based on male norms (he

later modified his theory in response);women view moral decisions from acaringperspective (not just justice)

Stone Center at Wellesley College(Jordan et al., Miller, Surrey, etc.): therelational self of females


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Religious and Spiritual Development

Fowler: faith not a fixed religious belief,but an orientation giving purpose and

goal to life; 6 stages of faith (Kohlberg)

Worthington: importance of counselorsunderstanding of tie between religious

faith and development Moody & Carroll: 5 Stages of the Soul

(p. 114 in text)


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Emotional Intelligence

Coleman built on Gardners (MI)cognitive concept of EI (5 stages)

1. Awareness of own emotions (needs met)

2. Managing emotions (preschoolers, recognizeand accept boundaries)

3. Becoming self-motivated (drive to persist)

4. Empathic developmentfeelings of othersrecognized and important

5. Social intelligenceplays well with others


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Ivey: Developmental Counseling andTherapy

Combined first two stages from Piaget, then

added a new 4thpostformal stage:dialectic/systemic

emphasis in this dialetic/systemic stage onthe recognized importance of context

Realization that self-reflection andinteractions with family and culture providefor possibility of constant change/growth anddevelopment


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Trend: Toward an Integrated

Theory of Development Recent theorists focusing beyond narrow

time spans or concernstowardinclusiveness

Emphasis on psychological development in

contextstill peaking Constructivistsemphasis on selfs

tendency to make meaning out ofexperience

Social constructionistsself determined bysociocultural influences Theories to bridge the gap: Bruner,

Haste, Noam


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Theories to Bridge the Gap

1. Jerome Bruner

Supports social-cultural influences Humans find meaning thru

narrative understandingmode of

organizing


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Theories to Bridge the Gap,

(contd)

2. Helen Haste

Triadic relationship between:

a. Autonomous, self-organizing self

b. Interpersonal self

c. Self in relation to social-cultural milieu

Based on Vygotskys work Called Lay Social Theory

Addresses pluralistic moral position


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Theories to Bridge the Gap,

(contd)

Noamsimilar model to Hastes

Two structures of the self

1. themata: biographical structure,development as a life story

2. schemata: self-perspective arisingfrom interaction with others and

environmentStage theory as inadequate model

cg 501 ch 5 human development theories

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