cgd proposal

8/14/2019 CGD Proposal

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GenderPoliciesandPracticesofGlobalHIV/AIDSDonors:

AComparativeAnalysisofthePresidentsEmergencyPlanforAIDSRelief,theGlobalFundforAIDS,TBandMalaria

andtheWorldBankMAPinMozambique,Ugandaand

Zambia

ProposaltotheSwedishInternationalDevelopmentAgency(SIDA),

submittedviatheSwedish/NorwegianRegionalHIV/AIDSTeamfor

Africa,Zambia

CenterforGlobalDevelopment

Washington,D.C.

SubmittedOctober18,2007

RevisedFeb1,2008

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BACKGROUNDANDSTUDYDESIGN

Introduction

Whetherornotgenderinequitiesarebeingadequatelyandappropriately

addressedinprogramssupportedbythemajorsourcesofdevelopment

assistanceforthefightagainstAIDSisaquestionofmajorandurgent

importance.Inrecentyearsithasbecomeincreasinglyrecognizedthatgender

inequitieslieattheheartoftheHIVpandemic.Forexample,in2004theGlobal

CoalitiononWomenandAIDSwasestablishedtorespondtotheincreasing

feminizationoftheAIDSepidemicandtheconcernthatexistingAIDSstrategies

didnotadequatelyaddresswomensneeds.In2007,UNAIDSmaderesponding

tothegenderrelatedaspectsoftheepidemicacorporatepriority. Theseactions,

andothers,weretakenonthebasisofevidencethattheepidemicisdrivenin

importantwaysbyunequalgendernorms,whichleadtogenderbasedviolence

(aprovencofactorinHIVinfection),theinabilityofwomentosupportthemselveseconomicallyortoownandinheritproperty,andother

discriminatorypractices.InternationalmobilizationtoaddressAIDScannot

succeedwithouteffectiveandsustainedattentiontothesetypesofgender

relatedconcerns.

ThroughanestablishedpolicyresearchprogramcalledtheHIV/AIDSMonitor,

theCenterforGlobalDevelopment(CGD),theInternationalCenterforResearch

onWomen(ICRW)andAfricanresearchteamsinMozambique,Ugandaand

Zambiapropose

to

undertake

and

disseminate

policy

relevant

analytic

work

on

howmajorsourcesoffundingtakegenderissuesintoconsiderationintheir

programming. Thisworkhasthepotentialtoimprovetheabilityofdonor

countriesandtheirnationalpartnerstorespondeffectivelytotheHIV/AIDS

pandemic. Throughstrategicoutreachandbroaddisseminationofresults,both

atthecountrylevelandatinternationalvenues,theworkwillstimulate

informedconversationandpromoteactionbydonors,implementersand

advocates.

Theresearchproposedherefitsintoabroaderagendaofstudiesofthe

performanceofthreemajordonorfundingmechanismsforAIDStheUSPresidentsEmergencyPlanforAIDSRelief,theWorldBankMultiCountry

AIDSProgram,andtheGlobalFundtoFightAIDS,TBandMalaria. Overall,the

countrylevelresearchbeingundertakenbytheHIV/AIDSMonitorisworking

onseventhemes:1)trackingthefunding;2)inequityanalysiswithafocuson

gender;3)relationshipbetweenfundingandperformance;4)relationships

betweenHIV/AIDSandreproductivehealthprograms;5)effectsofdonorfunds

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onthenationalhealthsystem;6)recurrentcostburdenandsustainability;and7)

theimpactofdonorprogramsonthelabormarketonhealthworkersand

managerialtalent.

Inthisproposal,CGD,ICRWandthreeAfricanresearchteams1proposeto

documenttheextenttowhich,andinwhatspecificways,thesethreeimportant

fundingmechanismsareaddressinggenderrelateddriversoftheHIVepidemic.

ThisproposalrequestssupportfromSIDAforthetechnicalandmanagerial

oversightofthiswork,aswellastheincountrydatacollection,analysis,writing

anddissemination.

TheobjectivesofthisstudyareconsistentwithSIDAscorecommitmentto

addressingpoverty,andtheagencysdemonstratedconcernwithgender

imbalanceasoneofthekeysocialinequitiesbothdrivingandbeingdrivenby

poverty. Moreover,thefocusofthestudyisalignedwithSIDAshealthiswealthperspective,highlightingthepersistentinequalitiesindiseaseburden

amongandwithincountries,andbetweenmenandwomen,girlsandboys.

Importantly,thepolicyresearchseeksnotjusttocreatearefineddescriptionof

theproblembutlikeSIDAitselftodevelopconstructive,practicalapproaches

tosolvingtheproblem.

BackgroundandContext

WomenandgirlsarenowatthecenteroftheglobalHIV/AIDSepidemic. The

globalstatistics

speak

for

themselves:

17.2millionadultshavediedofAIDS,52%ofwhomwerewomen;2 50%ofthoselivingwithHIVgloballyarewomenandgirls;3and Morethan60percentofthosewhoarelivingwithHIVinsubSaharanAfricaarefemale4

Youngwomenbetweentheagesof15to24arethemostvulnerable:insub

SaharanAfrica75percentofpeoplelivingwithHIVfromthisagegroupare

1MakerereUniversitySchoolofPublicHealth,Kampala,Uganda;HealthEconomicsProgram,

DepartmentofEconomics,SchoolOfHumanitiesAndSocialSciences,UniversityOfZambia;

AustralCowiConsultants,Maputo,Mozambique.2UNAIDS/WHO2006.AIDSEpidemicUpdate:aspecialreport. UnitedNationsSpecialProgram

onAIDSandtheWorldHealthOrganization,Geneva.3UNAIDS/WHO2007.AIDSEpidemicUpdate:December2007.UnitedNationsSpecialProgram

onAIDSandtheWorldHealthOrganization,Geneva.4UNAIDS/WHO2007.

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female,anditisestimatedthatinsomeAfricancountries,anywherebetween3to

6timesmoreyoungwomenareinfectedwithHIVthanyoungmenofthesame

age5.Thesetrendsaremirroredinthethreefocuscountriesofthisstudy,as

showninthetablebelow.

People Aged 15-49 Living with HIV

Country Total Women Men

Mozambique6 16%

(percentage

of people

living with

HIV)

58% (percentage of

people living with

HIV who are

women)

42% (percentage of people

living with HIV who are

men)

Uganda7 6%

(prevalence

rate)

8% (prevalence rate

among adult

women)

5% (prevalence rate among

adult men)

Zambia8 17%

(percentage

of people

living with

HIV)

57% (percentage of

people living withHIV who are

women)

43% (percentage of people

living with HIV who are

men)

WomenbearadisproportionateshareoftheburdenintheAIDSepidemic,

however,notonlybecausetheyareinfectedinequalorgreaternumbersthan

men,butbecauseofthedifficultiestheyfaceinadoptingthepreventionoptions

offeredtothem;inaccessinginformationandservicesnecessarytoprotect

themselvesfrominfectionortreatthemselvesonceinfected;andbecauseofthe

extraordinaryburdenofcaretheyexperience. Theunderlyingcausesaccounting

formuchofthetollonwomencanbetracedtogenderinequality. Factorssuchasgendernormsthatassigngreaterprivilegeandpowertomen,the(related)

economicdependencyofmanywomenonmenandtheirextendedfamilies,as

wellasthesocialacceptanceinmanycommunitiesofpracticessuchasgender

basedviolenceandchildmarriage,playakeyroleinincreasingwomens

vulnerability,andinreducingtheirabilitytoprotectthemselvesandcopewith

theconsequencesoftheepidemic.

UnderstandingthespecialrolethatgenderplaysintheHIVepidemicrequiresa

shared

definition

of

terms.

We

define

gender

as

the

widely

held

expectations

andnormswithinasocietyaboutappropriatemaleandfemalebehavior,roles

5UNAIDS/WHO2006.6UNAIDS/WHO2006.7GovernmentofUganda,MinistryofHealth(MOH)2006.UgandaHIV/AIDSSeroBehavioural

Survey2004/2005.8UNAIDS/WHO2006.

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andresponsibilities.Itisasocialandculturalconstructthatdifferentiateswomen

frommenanddefinesthewaysinwhichwomenandmeninteractwitheach

other.Genderisculturespecific;whatwomenandmencanorcannotdodiffers

significantlyacrosscultures.Whatisfairlyconsistent,however,isamarked

differenceinwomensandmensroles,obligationsandprivileges,particularlyin

termsofaccesstoproductiveresourcesanddecisionmakingauthority.Although

theextentofthatdifferenceismorepronouncedinsomelocationsthanothers,

generallyspeaking,inmostsocietiesgendernormsdictatethatmenare

responsiblefortheproductiveactivitiesoutsidethehomewhilewomenare

responsibleforreproductiveandproductiveactivitieswithinthehome.Asa

result,womenhavelessaccesstoandcontroloverproductiveresourcesthan

men,asevidencedthroughpersistentgendergapsineducation,employment,

income,ownershipoflandandhousing,andaccesstocredit.

Sexualityisdistinctfromgenderyetintimatelylinkedtoit.Itisthesocialconstructionofabiologicaldrive.Anindividualssexualityisdefinedbywhom

onehassexwith,inwhatways,why,underwhatcircumstances,andwithwhat

outcomes.Itismorethansexualbehavior;itisamultidimensionalanddynamic

concept.Explicitandimplicitrulesimposedbysociety,asdefinedbyones

gender,age,economicstatus,ethnicityandotherfactors,influencean

individualssexuality.

Predictably,theinequalitythatcharacterizesthesocialandeconomicspheresof

society,in

which

women

have

less

access

to

productive

resources

than

men,

is

oftenmirroredinsexualinteractions,creatinganunequalbalanceofpowerin

sexualrelations.Asaresult,manywomenhavelesscontrolthanmenoverwhen,

where,why,withwhom,andhowsextakesplace. Thisinequalityinsexual

decisionmakingisperpetuatedbygendernormsoffemininityandmasculinity

thatcurtailwomenssexualautonomyandexpandmenssexualprivilege,place

greateremphasisonmalepleasureoverfemalepleasure,andcastwomeninthe

roleofpassiverecipientratherthanactiveagent.Thecomplexinterplayofsocial

andeconomicgenderdifferencesandinequalities,combinedwithanunequal

balanceofpowerinsexualrelationsthatfavorsmen,significantlyincreases

womensandmensvulnerabilitytoHIV.

PolicyRelevanceoftheFindings

Verylittlecurrentlyisknownabouthowdonorshighlevelpolicylanguage

abouttheneedtoattendtogenderissuesisbeinginterpretedbyrecipient

countriesandrecipientorganizations,andoperationalizedintoprogramming.

Evenlessisknownabouthowintendedbeneficiariesexperienceandreceivethe

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programs. Bygeneratingevidenceontheseaspectsoftheirprogramming,the

HIV/AIDSMonitorwillbeabletoassesshowthedonorsareaddressingthe

genderdriversoftheepidemic. Wheregapsorweaknessesexist,thestudywill

providespecificrecommendationsforhowtoimprovetheseeffortstomaximize

theimpactoftheirsupport. Broaddisseminationwillensurethatdonorsare

heldaccountableforlivinguptothecommitmentsthattheyhavemadeto

consideringgenderrelatedfactorsintheirprogramdecisions.

Theprojecthasprofoundpolicyrelevanceatthenationallevelineachofthe

threefocuscountries. Weanticipatethattheresultswillberevealingtopolicy

makersandprogrammanagers,andwillpermitamoreopendiscussionabout

howtocreateanenablingenvironmentforeffectiveprogrammingthattakes

genderconsiderationsintoaccount.

OverviewoftheResearchProcessThepurposeofthisstudyistodeterminetheextenttowhichthegenderrelated

driversoftheHIVepidemicarebeingaddressedinthreefocuscountries,and

howthethreefundingmechanismsaresupporting(orindeedinhibiting)this

process.

TheattachedLogFrame(AppendixI)summarizestheobjectives,mainactivities,

indicators,meansofverificationandimportantassumptionsmadeinthis

researchproposal. Themaintopics9tobeexploredaresummarizedinthe

attachedOutcomes

Table

(Appendix

II)

with

relevant

research

questions,

outcomesofinterest,possibledatasourcesanddatacollectioninstruments.

Theseresearchtopicsinclude:

I. Assessmentofattentiontogenderandwomensneedswithinnational&donorprogramsatthecountrylevel;

II. Demonstratedcommitmenttoaddressinggenderandneedsofwomenatthelevelofrecipientandsubrecipientorganizations;

III. Theintegrationofattentiontogenderandwomensneedsamongrecipientandsubrecipientorganizations;

IV. Beneficiarylevelimpactofgenderrelatedprogramming

9ThesetopicswereidentifiedasaresultofstakeholderassessmentsconductedbyCGDin2005in

sixAfricancountriesinpreparationofthedesignoftheHIV/AIDSMonitor

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Keyresearchquestionsincludethefollowing:

Whatcommitmentstogenderhavebeenmadeintherelevantpolicydocumentation?

Howarethesecommitmentsbeingoperationalizedbyrecipientandsubrecipientorganizations?

Howismonitoringdatacollectedandusedtoshapeprograms? Arethesefundingmechanismsinvestingincapacitybuildingongenderwithintherecipientorganizations(ROs)andsubrecipientorganizations

(SROs)?

Methodology

Throughdocumentreviewandkeyinformantinterviews,theprojectwillbuilda

pictureofhoweachoftheseimportantfundingmechanismsareaddressing

genderrelatedvulnerabilitiesinAIDSpolicyandpracticeonthegroundinthree

Africancountries. Qualitativeresearchmethodswillbeusedtoconductindepthinterviewswithkeyinformantswhowillbepurposivelyselected. These

willincludestaffofthedonormechanismsincountry,staffofrecipientandsub

recipientorganizations,and,wherepossible,aselectionofbeneficiaries.

Thisresearchwillbuildonthefindingsofthegloballevelpolicyanalysison

gender,whichisbeingconductedbyCGDandICRW,withseparatesupport.

Thegloballevelcomparativeanalysiswillidentifykeypolicypositions,

statementsandcommitmentstoaddressinggenderbasedvulnerabilities. The

countryteams

will

then

determine

whether

and

how

policy

statements

are

being

putintooperationatnationalandimplementationlevels.

Atthenationallevel,theprocesswillinvolveresearchamongthecountrybased

donorstaff(ortheirrepresentatives)asfollows:

agenderanalysisofdonorpolicyandprogramdocumentationassessingtheextenttowhichthegenderrelatedneedsandvulnerabilitiesofwomen

andgirlsarebeingaddressedinpolicy;and

keyinformantinterviewswithpurposivelyselectedstakeholdersinvolvedinpolicyformulationandprogrammanagementtoexploretheextentto

whichtheyseegenderasapriority,whethertheyperceivethatcurrentprogrammingisadequatelyaddressingthisissue,andhowtheyseepolicy

andprogrammingongendermovingforwardinthecoming5years.

Thenextlevelinvolvesresearchamongtheimplementingpartners,ROsand

SROs,todeterminewhetherandhowpolicystatementsarebeingputinto

operation. Wherepossible,thecountryteamswillconductthisassessmentwith

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thesamerecipientorganizationstheyhavebeenworkingwithfortheother

HIV/AIDSMonitorthemes,withwhomtheyhavealreadydevelopedtrustand

rapport. Datacollectionherewillinvolve:

analysisofprogramdocumentationand data,and keyinformantinterviewswithprogrammanagersandotherrelevantpersonnelofROsandcasestudySROs;aswellas

keyinformantinterviews,wherepossible,withusersofSROservices.KeyResearchProducts

A)COUNTRYREPORTS,bymonth6

Threecountryreportswilldetailanindepthunderstandingofhowthethree

fundingmechanismsandtheirrecipientorganizationsareaddressinggender

relateddriversoftheHIV/AIDSepidemic.

B)FINALSYNTHESISREPORT,bymonth10Synthesisoffindingsfromthethreeindividualcountryreportsinafinalreport

tosubmittoSIDA.

DisseminationofResearchFindings

Themaingoalofeachofourstudiesistoinformandimprovethepoliciesand

practicesofthethreemajorglobalHIV/AIDSprograms,sowehavedevelopeda

disseminationstrategythatissimilaracrossallresearchthemes. The

disseminationstrategyisoutlinedbelow:

A)AUDIENCE

Theprimaryaudiencewillbeofficialswithinthefundingmechanisms,including

primarilythosewithauthoritytomakedecisions.

Secondaryaudiencesinclude(butarenotlimitedto):

PolicymakerswithintheUS,Canada,Europeandotherdonorcountries,includinginformingdiscussionsaboutfundinglevelsandfuture

direction;

PolicymakersinthreeAfricancountriesthroughourincountryresearchpartners;

RegionalactorsinSouthernAfrica,includingRegionalEconomicCommunitiesandRegionalCivilSocietyOrganizations,througha

partnershipwiththeSIDAHIV/AIDSTeamforAfrica(seeAppendixVI

fordetailedexplanation)

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AdvocateswithintheUS(andtoalesserextentEurope)whoengageinconversationsabouttheseissuesbutoftenwithoutcompleteandcorrect

information;

AdvocatesinthreeAfricancountriesthoughourresearchpartners;and JournalistsseekingcomprehensiveandaccurateinformationaboutthethreeinitiativesintheU.S.andglobally.

B)CGDAPPROACH

First,weconsiderthepotentialimpactofourworkfromtheinception,and

developtheagendaforanalyticworkwithbroadinputfromthosewhowehope

willultimatelyusetheworkfromadvocacygroupstothepolicycommunityto

theresearchcommunity.Wedonotdependsolelyonourindividualresearch

interestsorimpressions,butsystematicallyandonanongoingbasissolicitideas

andquestionsfromabroadsetofplayers.Thisisafundamentalaspectofouragendasettinginourglobalhealthprogram(see

http://www.cgdev.org/content/calendar/detail/4447/),theMCAMonitor(see

http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/mcamonitor),theHIV/AIDS

Monitor(seehttp://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/hivmonitor)and

ouroverallCGDresearchprogram(ourPolicymakersWishListisavailable

uponrequest).

Second,weseektoprovidevaluetovariousaudiencesbyputtingnew

informationon

the

table,

and

making

it

accessible

in

a

balanced

and

transparentway.Thispermitsothersadvocacygroups,agenciesandother

stakeholderstousetheinformationtoadvancetheirownunderstanding,

activitiesandpolicymessages.Bybeingseenasbringingaddedvaluetocomplex

policyquestions,weearnaroleinbothpublicandbehindthescenesdiscussions

aboutaiddeliverymechanismsanddevelopmentpolicymoregenerally.

Third,weseektoprovokenewthinkingandresponsesbygeneratinganalyses

thatchallengeconventionalwisdomand/orprovideanewangleoranswertoan

oldquestion.Atypicalapproachwehavetakeninthepastistoidentifyspecific

problemsassociatedwithparticularaiddeliverymechanisms,basedonempiricalwork,andthenproposespecific,constructiveandpracticalsolutions

andoptionsforaddressingtheproblem.Inthisway,wehelptosettheagenda

forbroaderdiscussionsabouthowtomoveforward,ratherthanjustgenerating

critiquesandgenericrecommendations.

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C)OUTREACHSTRATEGIES

DisseminationandoutreachstrategiesfortheHIV/AIDSMonitorinclude:

AttheUSandGlobalLevel:

PublicEvents:FortheHIV/AIDSMonitorweexpecttofocusourdirectefforts

largelyontheinternationalaudiencethatis,thedonorandtechnicalagencies

thataresettingtheoverallfundingenvelopes,allocationandimplementation

policies,andotherrulesofthegame.Wewillreachtheseaudiencesaswehave

forotherprojects,throughacombinationofpublicevents.

Privateevents:suchasinvitationonlybriefingsonworkinprogress,ordebates

aboutpolicyquestionsbeforeCongressortheAdministration.Whileallofour

writtenproductsaremadeavailablepublicly,withactivewebbased

dissemination,theprivateconversationsareimportantwaysforustounderstandwhatpolicyquestionsareofinteresttothosewhoaremakingkey

decisions;andtoconveyresearchfindingsinalanguageandformthatcanbe

easilyunderstood.Despitethesmallgroupnatureofthediscussions,however,

wearenotinanywaypartoftheprogramsweareanalyzing,nordowe

provideformaltechnicalassistanceorconsultingservices.Rather,weseekto

makeourresearchfindingsavailableasdecisionmakerscanusethem.For

example,CGDhostedaprivatemeetinginAprilbetweenMichelKazatchkine,

thenewlyappointedExecutiveDirectoroftheGlobalFund,andmembersofthe

WorkingGroup

led

by

our

Senior

Fellow,

Steve

Radelet.

Details

about

the

WorkingGroup,includingthereport,ChallengesandOpportunitiesforthe

NewExecutiveDirectoroftheGlobalFund:SevenEssentialTasks,areavailable

at:http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/10948/.

Engagingwithadvocacygroups:whohaveaninterestinglobalhealthand

HIV/AIDS,tomakethemawareofnewresearchfindingsintheeventthatthey

areusefulbackgroundmaterialsfortheirwork.Forexample,wehavestartedto

engagewithWashington,DCbasedadvocacygroupsthroughthefourGlobal

AIDSRoundtablediscussiongroupsforPrevention,Treatment,AidArchitecture

andGender. Wehaveanopportunitytogainfromandinfluencemessagesthatarebeingcommunicatedbyadvocatestopolicymakersoverthecourseofthis

year,asthediscussionsforthereauthorizationofPEPFARrapidlygain

momentum.

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AttheCountryLevel:

TheInternationalCenterforResearchonWomenandincountryresearch

collaboratorswillcomplementCGDsstrengthsincommunicationandoutreach

toincountrydecisionmakersinthegovernment,NGOanddonorcommunities.

Wewouldexpecttosharetheresultsofeveryanalysis(withinandacross

countries)withincountrystakeholders.Ourresearchpartnersarecurrently

conveningseveraldifferentstakeholdersintheirrespectivecountriestosharethe

goalsandobjectivesoftheHIV/AIDSMonitor.Theyplantotargetthese

audiencesforthedisseminationofresultsandwehaverequestedthemtoplan

fortheseactivitiesintheirworkplansandbudgets.

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PROGRAMANDFINANCIALMANAGEMENT

ManagementApproach

CGDwillprovideoverallleadershipofthisstudythroughtheWashington,DC

basedHIV/AIDSMonitorTeam,whichincludestheDirectorandtwoProgram

Coordinators. Theteamwillmanagetheimplementationofthisstudyin

accordancewithagreements,workplansandbudgets;andwillberesponsible

forsubmittingprogramandfinancialreportstoSIDA.Theteamwillwork

closelywithCGDsNairobibasedFieldDirector,whowillserveasthekey

contactpersonforthisstudyatthefieldoperationallevel.ThisHIV/AIDS

MonitorteamwillworkcloselywiththegenderexpertsfromICRWwhowill

takethetechnicalleadershipontheproject.(SeeAppendixIIIforCGDs

institutionalprofileandcapacitystatement.)

ICRWwillexecuteitstechnicalleadershipbyworkingwiththeresearchpartnerstostrengthentheircapacitytoachievehighqualitygenderresearch.Thiswill

includeprovisionoftechnicalsupportduringtheresearchplanningworkshop,

developingresearchtools,analyticalframeworksandinwritingupsynthesis

papers. IncollaborationwithCGD,ICRWalsowillprovidesupportasneeded

forthedisseminationofresults.(SeeAppendixIVforICRWscapacity

statement)

TheFieldDirector(FD)willberesponsibleforthecoordinationofallthefield

activities;monitoring

the

utilization

of

funds

on

a

quarterly

basis;

receiving

regularfinancialandactivityprogressreportsfromthecountrypartners;and

submittingthesereportstoCGDheadquartersforfurtheranalysis,consolidation

andreportingtoSIDA.TheFDalsowillbethekeylinkbetweenCGDin

Washington,thecountryresearchpartnersandSIDAregionalofficeforAfricain

Zambia. WorkingwithintheexistingoperationalstructureoftheHIV//AIDS

Monitorresearchprogram,theFDwillensurethateffectivecommunication

throughelectronicmail,regularsitevisitsandteleconferencesissustainedand

responsivetotheneedsofCGDandthecountrypartners.Incollaborationwith

ICRWandtheWashingtonbasedCGDstaff,theFDwillberesponsibleforon

goingtechnicalsupporttothecountryresearchpartners.

Thecountrylevelresearchwillbeconductedbyeachofourthreeresearch

collaborators.InZambiathestudywillbeconductedbytheHealthEconomics

ResearchandTrainingProgram(HERTP)intheDepartmentofEconomics,in

collaborationwiththeGenderDepartmentoftheUniversityofZambia.HERTP

hasalongtrackrecordinhealtheconomics,andhascoordinatedandmanaged

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thehealtheconomicsprojectsfrom1995to2005. Thestudyteamconsistsof

individualswithsoundexperienceandtraininginappliedsocialandeconomic

researchandmanagement. (SeeAppendixVIIforadescriptionofHERTP.)

InUganda,theMakerereUniversitySchoolofPublicHealth(MUSPH)will

conducttheresearch.Theschoolhastheprofessionalexperienceandcapability

ofconductingoperationsaswellassocialscienceresearch.Theschoolhas

assembledacomplementaryteamwithrequiredtechnicalexpertiseinhealth

policyandhealthsystemsresearch,anthropologyandbehavioralsciences,social

work,gender,communityoutreach,healtheducationandcommunication.

ThroughpreviousworkwithCGD,thisteamhasdemonstratedastrong

understandingofthegovernmentanddonorprocesses. (SeeAppendixVfora

descriptionofMUSPH.)

InMozambique,AustralCowi,aprivateconsultingfirmwithwellexperiencedsocialandeconomicresearcherswithasolidbackgroundinHIV/AIDSwill

conductthestudy.Thedisciplinesrepresentedintheteamincludedevelopment

economics,genderanalysis,sociologyandanthropology.Thefirmhasconducted

severalpiecesofresearchincludingforexample,TheMonitoringofAccessto

DonorFundsforHIV/AIDSbyCivilSocietyinSouthernAfrica,fundedbythe

OpenSocietyforSouthernAfricain2006. (SeeAppendixVIforadescriptionof

AustralCowi.)

Ineach

country,

the

team

leaders

have

identified

a

focal

person

(gender

specialist)whowillreporttothecountryteamleader(PrincipalInvestigatorof

theentireHIV/AIDSMonitorprograminthecountry).Thefocalpersons,in

consultationwiththecountryteamleaderandtheFD,willensuresound

coordinationoftheresearchactivities,addressanybottlenecksaffectingproject

implementation,andensurethattimelyfinancialandprogramreportsare

submitted.

TimelinesandWorkPlan

Thecountrylevelstudieswillbecompletedinsixmonthsandthefinalsynthesis

paperwillbecompletedinthefollowing3months.TheGanttchartbelowcapturesboththelowerandupperlimitsofthecountryspecificworkplans

submittedtoCGDbyourincountrypartners.

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ProjectMonth

Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

a. Identify,acquireandanalyze

documentationof

3donorsatcountrylevel

b. Identify,obtaindocumentsand

analyze

informationabout

national

(government)

approachto

genderandHIV

c. Identify,acquireandanalyze

documentationof

ROsandSROs

d. Analyzeprogram(RO/SRO)data;

e. Interviewcountrylevel

donorstaff

f. InterviewROandSROstaff

g. Interviewserviceusers

h. Codeandanalyzeallinterviewdata

i. Analyzeandwrite upfindings

j. CGDandICRWwriteup

synthesispaperof

threecountry

studies

k. Disseminatefindingsof

synthesis

paper

at

globallevel

followedby

findingsfrom

countryreportsat

nationallevel

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FinancialManagement

CGDhasafullcomplementoffinancialsystemstosupportsuccessful

implementationofbothmajorandminorpolicyresearchprojects,including

thosewithincountrycomponents.CGDsDirectorofFinancewillprovideall

necessarysupportservicestoresearchpartners,includingpreparationand

executionofcontractsspecifyingdisbursementarrangements,accounting

requirementsandexpectedoutputs. CGDhasarangeofexperiencewith

differenttypesofpublicandprivatefinanciers,andcanprovidefinancial

informationinanyformatrequiredbythefunder.

ResearchBudget:

CGDrequestsUS$485,756tosupporttheproposedgenderstudyinthreeAfrican

countries.Asummaryofthebudgetisshownbelow.

BudgetLineItem CGD ICRW Zambia Uganda Mozambique TotalPersonnel 63,650 44,015 28,650 24,450 69,325 230,090

Fieldwork 87,065 19,470 11,200 20,290 4,998 143,023

Communications&Dissemination 30,000 15,875 2,400 4,000 3,047 55,322

AdministrativeCosts 20,798 27,776 2,113 5,134 1,500 57,321

TOTAL 201,513 107,136 44,363 53,874 78,870 485,756

Adetailedbudgetforeachofthepartners,correspondingtothelevelofeffort,is

attachedasAppendixIX. Some58%ofthebudgetrequestedfromSIDAwillbe

spentonimplementationoffieldactivitiesinAfrica.Thisincludesthethree

countrybudgetsandfieldworkpaidbyCGDandICRW.

Feasibility

Theproposedresearchprogramtakesadvantageofexistingresearchcapacity

andrelationships,developedundertheHIV/AIDSMonitorprogram. This

researchwillbeimplementedwithintheframeworkoftheHIV/AIDSMonitor

program,incollaborationwiththethreecountrypartnersandundertheoverall

guidanceofCGD.MobilizationofkeystakeholdersintheHIV/AIDSfield,

includinghostgovernments,policymakers,donors,UNAIDS,civilsociety

organizationshasalreadybeensuccessfullyinitiatedundertheearlierphaseoftheHIV/AIDSMonitor. Fortheproposedworkongender,consultative

workshopsandmeetingsareplannedwithkeystakeholderstoensurethatthey

areinvolvedandsupportiveoftheresearchactivities.Theresearchpartnershave

beeninvolvedinthepreparationofthisproposalandhavedemonstratedtheir

capacitytodeliverbyexecutingandsubmittingresearchreportsforotherparts

oftheHIV/AIDSMonitorprogram.Theyhaveprovidedcountryspecificgender

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16

inputsintothisproposal.Thepracticalconditionsnecessaryforthesuccessful

implementationoftheproposedresearchprogramexistinallthethreecountries.


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APPENDIXI:LOGFRAME

Objectives Mainactivities MeasurableIndicators MeansofVerification

Goal:To contribute to the

effectiveness of the threelargest AIDS funding

initiatives (the Global Fund,

PEPFAR and the World

Banks MAP program) in

addressing the gender-related

drivers of the HIV/AIDS

epidemic in the following

three countries: Mozambique,

Uganda and Zambia.

SeeBelow Study recommendations have

been adopted by all threefunding mechanisms, and

consequently each funding

mechanism is more effectively

addressing the gender-related

drivers of the epidemic.

Monitoringoffunding

mechanismspolicies(whicharepublic)and

discussionswithkeyd

officialsfollowingthe

completion/dissemina

ofstudy.

Threecountryreportsanda

synthesisreportthatdetail

anindepthunderstanding

ofhowthethreefunding

mechanismsandtheir

recipientorganizationsare

addressinggenderrelated

driversoftheHIV/AIDS

epidemichavebeen

written.

Countryandsynthesi

reportscompleted.

Purpose: To assess theeffectiveness of the three

funding mechanisms in

addressing gender-relateddrivers of the AIDS epidemic

in Mozambique, Zambia, and

Uganda, and to develop a set

of recommendations to further

enhance their effectiveness.

SeeBelow

Thethreefunding

mechanismsandtheir

recipientandsubrecipient

organizations(ROsand

SROs)ineachofthethreeprojectcountrieshave

receivedareportoutlining

howcurrentprogramming

iscurrentlyaddressing,or

Reportwrittenand

distributed.

Reportofdisseminatio

meetingsheldineachcountry.


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notaddressing,gender

relateddriversofthe

HIV/AIDSepidemicanda

setofrecommendationsforhowtodosomore

effectively.

(1)ResearchandAnalysis

Todeterminethedegreeto

whicheachAIDSprograms

fundedbythethreedonors

haveadoptedpoliciesand

practicesthatare

addressingthegender

relateddrivers

of

the

epidemic.

a)DonorLevelObjectives

(i)Toascertaintheextent

towhichthedonorsare

explicitlyproviding

programandpolicy

directionongenderandto

documentthese

directives/guidance.

(ii)Toassessthepriority

accordedtogenderwithin

eachdonorsoverall

Theactivitiesassociated

witheachobjectiveare

listedbelow:

(ai)Reviewofpublicly

availabledocuments,

requestsfornonpublic

documents,interviews

withdonorofficialsand

recipientsofdonor

funding.

(a ii)Comparative

analysisconductedby

researchersineach

Allofthesalient

informationfromthese

activitieswillbe

documentedinthereports

submittedbyeachcountry

teamtoCGD. Recordsof

interviews,copies

of

policy

documents,etc.willbekept

byresearchersineach

countryandareavailableif

required.

CGDcarefullyvetsthe

informationineachre

andholdsdetailed

discussionswitheach

abouttheirkeyfinding

CGDsFieldDirector

maintainsregular

communicationwithe

teamduringthedata

collectionperiodand

conductsquarterlysite

visitstomonitorprogr

CGDanditsresearch

partnerscirculatedraf

allreportstokey

informants,externalex

anddonorofficials. A

stage,reportsarechec

forfactualaccuracyas

astechnicalsoundness


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countryprogram.

b)PolicyLevelObjectives

(i)Todeterminetheextent

towhichrelevantpolicy

makersoutsidethedonor

agencies(suchasthe

MinistryofHealth,non

governmentalprincipal

recipientsofGlobalFund

grants,etc.)incorporate

genderrelateddriversof

theepidemic

into

policy

andprogramming,and

allocatefunding/build

capacityaccordingly.

c)ImplementationLevel

Objectives

(i)Todetermineexisting

capacityamong

implementing

organizationstoundertake

genderprogramming

(ii)Todocumentthe

support/guidanceprovided

bythe

countryincollaboration

withICRWandCGDstaff.

(bi)Reviewofpublicly

availabledocuments,

interviewswithrelevant

policymakers,analysisof

fundingtrendsand

availablecapacityamong

fundingrecipients.

(ci) interviewswith

implementingorganization

staff,observationoftheir

systemsandprogramming,

analysisbyresearchers

(cii)reviewofguidance

documentsprovidedbythe

donors,interviewswith


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donors/policymakersto

implementing

organizations

(iii)Tolearnhowgenderworkisbeingmonitored

andhowdataongenderis

beingincorporatedinto

new/ongoing

programming.

(iv)Toassesstheoverall

relevanceand

appropriatenessoftheway

genderprogrammingis

beingimplementedineach

country

d)BeneficiaryLevel

Objectives

(i)Todocumentthe

experiencesofindividual

serviceusers,including

howtheprogramhas

improvedtheir

circumstancesandwhat

theyfeelcouldbe

improvedaboutthese

programs.

implementingorganization

staff

(ciii)interviewswithimplementingorganization

staff,observationof

monitoringsystems,

analysisofprogramdata

(civ)Analysisofpolicies

andpracticesby

researchersincollaboration

withstaffatICRW.

(di)interviewswith

programbeneficiaries


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(2)Disseminationand

Advocacy

Toimplementamulti

prongedstrategythatwill

encouragethedonors and

otherrelevantstakeholders

whocanimplementpolicy

themselvesorinfluence

donorpolicy

implementation toadopt

thepolicy

recommendations

proposedin

the

final

report

ofthisstudy. Thestrategy

willattempttoinfluence

actorsatmultiplelevels,

including:

a)Globallevel

Centralleveldonorstaff,includingthe

GlobalFund

secretariat,the

OfficeoftheUS

GlobalAIDS

Coordinator,and

theACTAfrica

OfficeoftheWorld

CGDhasanestablished

disseminationmodel

whichwewilluse,inan

adaptedform,to

disseminatethisstudy.

Theactivitieslistedbelow

willcollectivelymakeup

thisstrategy. CGDhas

experienceusingallof

thesetacticsandweare

confidentthey

can

be

appliedsuccessfullyhere.

Thespecificactivitiesare:

I. HoldingpubliceventsinWashingtonandin

SouthernAfricathat

featurethefindingsof

ourreport.

II. Disseminatingourreportelectronically

throughdirectemails,

newslettersandan

engagingwebpage

III. Developingpolicybriefs,blogpostsand

otherancillary

I. Numberofeventsheldandnumberof

attendees

II. Numberofpeoplereachedthrough

internetoutreach

III. Numberofproductsdevelopedand

distributed

Alloftheindicatorsin

columnimmediatelyt

leftarestraightforward

countsthatwillbe

recordedbytheHIV/A

Monitorstaff.


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Bank.

Privatefoundationssuch

astheGatesFoundationand

OpenSociety

Institute

Researchorganizationssuch

astheOverseas

Development

Institute(ODI),or

theDevelopment

Assistance

Committee(DAC)

oftheOrganization

forEconomic

Cooperationand

Development

(OECD).

InternationalCivilSociety

Organizations

includingOxfam,

ActionAid,and

CARE

Multilateralbodies,especiallyUN

technicalagencies

suchasUNAIDS,

productsthatwill

profileour

recommendations

IV. Generatingmediaarticlesprofilingthe

reports

recommendations

V. Holdingdirectmeetings(inpersonor

viaphoneor

videoconference)with

keydecisionmakers

VI. Attendingconferences,workshopsand

seminarsrelevant

to

ourresearch(eg.

InternationalAIDS

ConferenceinMexico

City)

II. Usingsurrogatesie.friendsofthe

HIV/AIDSMonitor

thatare

prominent/influential

peopletobringour

recommendationsto

keydecisionmakers

III. Workingwithadvocacygroupswho

canuseourpolicy

IV. Numberofmediaarticlesfeaturingour

research

V. Numberofmeetingsheld

VI. Numberofconferences/workshops

/seminarsattended

VII. Numberofsurrogatesengagedandthe

meansbywhichthey

wereused

III. Numberofadvocacygroupsengagedand

themeansbywhich


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WHO,UNICEF

andUNDP

b)Regionallevel Parliamentary

groupsofregional

development

agenciessuchas

theEastAfrican

Community,South

African

Development

Community

(SADC),andthe

AfricanUnion

(AU)

RegionalmeetingsofNationalAIDS

Councils

Regionalcivilsociety

organizationssuch

asAMREFand

GenderLinks

Regionalresearchinstitutionssuchas

theInstitutefor

Democracyin

SouthAfrica

(IDASA)andthe

recommendationsas

partoftheirown

policyinfluencing

activitiesIX. Usingourwebsiteto

publiclytrackthe

statusofuptakeofour

recommendationsby

eachdonor

theyusedourresearch

IX. Thewebsiteinitselfwillbeanindicatorof

thestatusofuptakeof

ourrecommendations


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HumanSciences

ResearchCouncil

(HSRC)

c)Nationallevel

Highlevelofficialsincluding

Presidentsand

CabinetMinisters

Seniorgovernmentofficials atthe

Ministriesof

Health,National

AIDSCouncils,

Ministriesof

Women(where

applicable),and

elsewhere

Civilsocietyorganizationsin

eachcountry,

including

organizationsof

peoplelivingwith

HIV/AIDS

Organizationsreceivingdonor

fundingineach

country


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APPENDIXII:OutcomesTableTheme2:BeneficiaryAnalysisonWomenandGender

Topic Question Outcome Datasources

I.Attentiontogender

andwomensneeds

withintheNational

Govt.andDonor

Countrylevel AIDS

Program

A.Howaregenderand

womensspecificneeds

andvulnerabilitiesbeing

addressedintheNational

Govt.andDonorscountry

levelAIDSControl

Program?

1) Specificprogrammaticgoalsandobjectives(andclear

indicators)existonmeeting

needsofwomenandgirls

2) Programsaddressinggenderbasedvulnerabilities

exist,e.g.

i. Unequalaccesstoand/oruseofprevention,treatmentand

care

ii. Programswhichprotectwomenslegalrightsand/or

workwithwomenand

communitiestoensure

propertyandinheritance

rightsareprotected;

iii. Strengtheningwomensaccesstoincomeand

productiveresources;

iv. Programmingthataddressesgenderbasedviolence?

v.PMTCT+

(programs

that

providemothersandtheir

partnerswhoparticipatein

PMTCTwithlongtermART)

vi. Programmingdirectedat

NationalGovt.Pro

documents

DonorCountrylev

policydocuments

KeyInformantInte

staff


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changingmensnormsand

attitudestowardswomenandgenderrelations

vii. Programsworkingwithadolescentgirls(andboys)to

addressissuesofgenderand

sexualityandincreasesafer

sexualchoices.

B.WithintheNationaland

DonorProgramaredata

disaggregatedbysexandage?

3) Surveillanceandmonitoringdataare

disaggregatedbyageandsex

NationalandDono

recordsandreport

C.Hasasituational

assessmentbeen

conductedtoascertainthe

specificepidemiological

andsociological

dimensionsofthe

epidemicnationally?

4) Donorcountrylevelprogramshaveconducteda

situationalassessmentofthe

epidemiologicalandsociological

natureoftheepidemic;key

vulnerablegroupshavebeen

identified

Programdocumen

SituationalAssessm

D.Howaregenderspecific

vulnerabilitiesand

options

forempoweringwomen

addressedinstrategiesand

policydocumentsat

nationallevelwithindonor

5) Assessmentofthedonorsunderstanding

of

the

impact

of

theepidemiconwomenandgirls

asevidentornotinpolicy

languageandframingofprogram

goalsandobjectives

Country levelpoli

documents


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programsiftheyexist?

6) Specificprogrammaticgoalsandobjectives(andclear

indicators)existonmeeting

needsofwomenandgirls

CountryleveldonoRO/SROdocumen

F.Arethererestrictive

policiesthatpresent

barrierstoprovisionof

servicestowomenorthe

vulnerable? e.g.

prostitutionpledge,

abstinenceonlyuntilmarriagepreventionunder

PEPFAR

7) Thehealthneedsofbeneficiariesareprioritizedover

ideologicalfactors.

Country leveldon

documents;

Interviewswith

program/impleme

nationallevel

II.Commitmentto

addressinggenderand

needsofwomenatlevel

ofimplementation.

G.Doesstaffof

implementingpartner

organizationshave

appropriatetrainingto

implementgenderrelated

programming?

8) Effectivegendertraininghastakenplaceatalllevelsof

program(National,

implementation)

9) #ofpeopletrainedongenderandrelatedissues(e.g.

GBV;stigma,etc)

Interviewswithna

staff&ROs/SROs

Trainingdocumen

monitoringandev

III.Importanceof

addressinggenderandwomensneedshas

beenintegratedinto

programmingatthe

implementationlevel.

H.Dothefunding

mechanismsrequireROsandSROstotracktheir

successinmeetingthe

differentneedsofwomen

andmen?

10) Specificindicatorsexist(andareusedregularlyandcorrectly)totrackprogram

successagainstgender and

vulnerabilityrelatedobjectives

(sexdisaggregationisrequired

ROandSROdocum

Interviewswithsta

levelandRO/SROs


28/55


andcomplianceisgood;

indicatorsfor#ofpeopletrainedongenderandrelatedissues;

indicatorsforspecificgender

transformativeand/or

empowermentprograms,etc)

11) WomenandmenlivingwithHIVandAIDSare

meaningfullyincludedin

programdesignand

implementationatnational,

districtandlocallevels

Interviewswithdo

levels

I.Howeffectivelyarethese

strategiestranslatedinto

programimplementation?

12) Theneedsofwomenandmen,girlsandboysarebeingmet

bytheprogram

ROandSROdocum

andoutcomedata

InterviewswithRO

staff

Interviewswithse

casestudySROsif

IV.Beneficiaryimpact

ofgenderrelated

programming

(Implementationand

communitylevels)

13) Beneficiaries havefoundprogramsusefulcanprovide

clearexamplesofimpactofthe

Interviewswithse

casestudySROsif


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Question Outcome DatasourcesTopic

programintermsof gender

relations,womensandgirlsaccesstoservices,etc.

J.Towhatextentdodonor

supportedprograms

implementedbyROand

SROsaddressthe

genderedaspectsof

HIV/AIDS

comprehensively,through

bothsocialandeconomic

sectorinterventionsaswell

ashealthsectorinterventions?

14) Programsexistandarebeingimplementedthatare

gendersensitive,gender

transformative,and/orempowering

(descriptorsavailableforthese

terms)basedonfindingsof

situationalassessment

Nationalleveldon

programdocumen

Interviewswithdo

staffatnationallev

staffatdistrictand

Interviewswithse

casestudySROsif


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APPENDIXIII:CGDSINSTITUTIONALPROFILEANDCAPACITY

STATEMENT

InstitutionalBackground

TheCenterforGlobalDevelopment(CGD)isdedicatedtoreducingglobal

povertyandinequalitythroughpolicyorientedanalysisandactiveengagement

ondevelopmentissueswiththepolicycommunityandthepublic.Aprincipal

focusoftheCentersworkishowthepoliciesoftheUSandotherindustrial

countriescanmorepositivelyaffectdevelopmentprospectsinpoorcountries.

CGDwasestablishedinNovember2001bypioneeringdevelopmenteconomist

NancyBirdsall(CGDPresident),FredBergsten(PresidentoftheInstitutefor

InternationalEconomics)andEdwardW.Scott,Jr.(ChairmanofCGDsBoard,

andcofounderofBEASystems,Inc.)togeneratepractical,creativesolutionsto

theproblemsofpoorcountriesthatarerelatedtopoliciesofrichcountries,

includingburdensomedebt,ineffectiveaidtransfersandunfairtradepractices.Bybringingscholarshipintotheserviceofglobalpolicydebatesandby

focusingsquarelyonhowtheU.S.andotherrichcountriescanimprovepolicies

andpracticestheCenterhasauniquenicheinthepolicyworld.

CapacityStatement

AtCGD,weusetheconceptsandmethodsofeconomics,politicalscienceand

otherdisciplinestoassesstheimpactonpoorpeopleofglobalizationandofthe

policiesofindustrializedcountriesandmultilateralinstitutionssuchasthe

WorldBank

and

the

International

Monetary

Fund.

From

its

position

as

a

non

partisan,nonprofitorganization,theCenterseekstoidentifyalternativepolicies

thatpromoteequitablegrowthandparticipatorydevelopmentinlowincome

andtransitionaleconomies.Wethenworkwithcivilsocietyandprivatesector

groupstotranslatepolicyideasintopolicyreforms.TheCenterestablishes

partnershipswithotherinstitutionstoimprovepublicunderstandingofthe

economic,politicalandstrategicbenefitsofimprovedlivingstandardsand

governanceindevelopingcountries.Partnershipswithresearchinstitutionsin

AfricafortheHIV/AIDSMonitorisanewapproachforCGDasweareworking

withAfricancolleaguestocontributeevidencedirectlyfrompoorcountriesthat

areaffectedbyrichcountrypolicies,inthiscaseforHIV/AIDS.

CGDinfluencescontemporarypolicydebatesintheUS,Canada,Europeand

Japanbybringingtheanalysesandideasofleadingdevelopmentscholarstothe

attentionofpolicymakersandkeyconstituenciesinthegeneralpublic.CGDhas

aneffectivecommunicationsprogramthatincludespreparationoftailored

writtenmaterialsfordistinctaudiences,briefingsforCongressionaland

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Executivebranchstaff,jointeventswithadvocacygroups,andmediaoutreach.

AlthoughtheCenterisarelativenewcomertotheWashingtonscene,its

influencehasbeenclearlydemonstratedinthedesignoftheU.S.sMillennium

ChallengeAccountaidprogram,aswellasindebtreliefpolicy.(SeetheCGD@5

report,includedasAnnex7andavailableonlineat

http://www.cgdev.org/section/annualreport/.)

Inearly2007,anindependentexternalevaluationofCGDconcludedthatthe

Centerproduceshighquality,policyrelevantresearch,andinfluencesreal

worldpolicychange.TheevaluatorsfoundthatCGDsresearchandadvocacy

workforpolicyinfluenceiswidelyseentobewellfounded,timely,empirically

oranalyticallybased,andhighlyeffectiveamongitsaudience.Prominentinthe

UnitedStates,itsvisibilityisgrowinginEuropeandelsewhere.Itsproductsare

extensivelyusedandcited,regularlyreadbydevelopmentrelatedaudiences,

and,intotal,havebuiltitsstature.Formoreinformation,seehttp://www.arabellaadvisors.com/research.html

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APPENDIXIV:ICRWsCAPACITYSTATEMENT


Overthepast30years,theInternationalCenterforResearchonWomen

(ICRW)hasearnedaninternationalreputationasoneoftheleadingresearch

institutionsingenderanddevelopment,valuedforitsabilitytolinkresearch

andpolicyadvocacyandtoproduceevidencebasedsolutionstoadvance

genderequality.

Foundedin1976andbasedinWashingtonDC,witharegionalofficeforAsiain

NewDelhi,IndiaandadditionalofficesinHyderabad,IndiaandKampala,

Uganda,themissionofICRWistoempowerwomen,advancegenderequality

andfightpovertyinthedevelopingworld. Toaccomplishthis,ICRWworks

withpartnerstoconductempiricalresearch,buildcapacity,andadvocatefor

evidencebased,practicalwaystochangepoliciesandprograms.

UndertheleadershipofPresidentGeetaRaoGupta,ICRWsinternationalstaffof

80includeseconomists,publichealthspecialists,anthropologists,demographers,

andpolicyspecialists.

CapacityStatement

ICRWconductsactionorientedresearchincollaborationwithleading

developingcountryindividualsandteamsofresearchers,serviceproviders,and

representativesof

governmental

agencies,

multilateral

organizations,

and

the

media. ICRWprovidestechnicalsupportandcapacitybuildingtrainingtoits

partnersandtogovernments,nongovernmentalandmultilateralorganizations,

foundationsandcorporationstoimprovethedeliveryofservices(e.g.health

care,nutrition,reproductivehealthservices,andadolescentprograms)andto

fosterintegrationofgenderconsiderationsintoorganizationalprograms,

policies,andbudgets. Finally,throughitspublications,policycommunications

andadvocacyactivities,ICRWchannelsresearchevidencetopolicymakers,

developmentorganizations,themedia,andotherstoinformpoliciesand

programsandhelpthemtobecomemoreeffectiveinadvancingwomens

economicandsocialstatus,health,andrights.

ICRWsprogramcomprisesanumberofdevelopmentobjectives,including

increasingeconomicsecurity,improvingthelivesofadolescentgirls,enhancing

nutrition,andreducingviolenceagainstwomen.Amajorportionofourportfolio

concernshealthanddevelopmentand,specifically,thepreventionofHIVand

AIDSandthemitigationoftheirimpact. ICRWbringstothisprojectastrong

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trackrecordintwocriticalareasofexpertise:issuesrelatingtogenderand

HIV/AIDSandcriticalactivitiesinstrategicplanning,analysisandprogram

evaluation.

33


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APPENDIXV:INSTITUTIONALCAPACITYSTATEMENTOFMAKERERE

UNIVERSITYSCHOOLOFPUBLICHEALTH


TheMakerereUniversitySchoolofPublicHealth(MUSPH)hastheprofessional

experienceandcapabilityofconductingformativeandoperationsresearchas

wellassocialscienceresearch.MUSPHhasassembledacomplementaryteam

withacompletepackageoftherequiredtechnicalexpertisetoimplementthis

researchproject. Theareasoftechnicalexpertiseincludehealthpolicyandhealth

systemsresearch,anthropologyandbehaviouralsciences,socialworkand

communityoutreachaswellashealtheducationandcommunication.Through

previouswork,thisteamhasastrongunderstandingofthegovernment

processesandpoliciesrelatingtoapprovalandadoptionofnewpublichealth

technologies.Activitiesarepredominantlyintheareasofpublichealthtraining,

interventionresearchandcommunityservice.Trainingactivitiesincludeteachingpublichealthanditssubspecialtiestoundergraduateandpost

graduatestudents(inhouseaswellasdistancetraining),whileresearchand

communityservicedependonnationalneedsandtheinterestsoftheteaching

staff.MUSPHisperiodicallycontractedbytheministriesofhealthandlocal

government,districts,NGOsandbilateral/multilateralagenciestoprovide

consultancyservices.ThisprovidesasourceofrevenuefortheMUSPHthrough

levyingofinstitutionaloverheadfees.

HumanResourceCapacity

Currently,theSchoolhas15fulltimeand10adjunctfacultywhoarebroadly

trainedinthepublichealthsubspecialtyareasofepidemiology,biostatisticsand

healthinformatics;communicableandnoncommunicablediseasecontrol;

environmentalandoccupationalhealth;healthpolicy,planningand

management;communityhealth,nutritionandreproductivehealth;and

behavioralsciences,tomentionbutafew. MUSPHalsocollaborateswiththe

MinistryofHealth,NGOsandotherdepartments,institutesandfacultiesin

MakerereUniversityfromwhichitcanpotentiallydrawadditionalcapacity

whenrequired.Afulllistofcollaboratingpartnerscanbeprovidedonrequest.

InformationandLearningResourceCapacity

Thereisaninformationandlearningresourcecentrelocatedonthegroundfloor

oftheMUSPHbuilding. Manypublications,includingjournalarticles,

dissertationsandreportsofMUSPHstaffmembersandstudentscanbefound

here.Thereareresourcefilesonawiderangeofpublichealthsubjectsavailable

forreference. Articlesandbookscanbeborrowedwithpermissionfromthe

34


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librarian. Theresourcecentreisopenduringweekdaysfrom8.00amto5.00pm.

Thereisalsoaccesstoelectronicdatabasesystems(e.g.POPLINE,MEDLINE,

etc.)intheresourcecentreandDataManagementCentre. Otherlibrarieswith

usefulresourcematerialsalsoexistwithintheadjacentmedicalschoolandthe

Universitymaincampus.TheAlbertCookmedicalschoollibraryhasaccessto

theInternetMEDLINEservicesinadditiontoAIDSLINEandPOPLINEandcan

aidintheaccessandexchangeofinformationviaaninterUniversityloansystem

withCaseWesternReserveUniversityinCleveland,Ohiothatcanmailorfax

copiesofrequestedjournalsandarticles.ThemainlibraryoftheUniversityis

locatedatthemainUniversityCampusanditprovidesaccesstophysical

literatureandelectronicdatabasesystems,manyofwhichcanalsobeaccessed

onlinethroughthewebpage.Anumberoffacultiesanddepartmentshave

collectionsofliteraturewhichareaccessiblethroughspecialarrangements.

LibrariesinotherresearchinstitutionsliketheChildHealthandDevelopment

Centre(CHDC)andtheMakerereInstituteofSocialResearch(MISR)providegreatsourcesofinformationthatcanbeutilized.

TheDataManagementCenter

TheDataManagementCentreislocatedonthe2ndfloorwithdesktopsforuseby

boththestudentsandstaff.MUSPHhasateamof2fulltimeand2parttime

statisticiansaswellas5dataentryclerkswhohavethecapacityandcompetency

tohandledatasetsfromlargepopulationsurveys.TheSchoolhasalso

establishedaLocalAreaNetworkwithfastInternetlinkoverwireandwireless.

Linkageto

MOH

and

training

districts

is

currently

underway.

The

ICT

centre

hasspearheadedthedevelopmentofcapacityandaccesstointernetbased

resourcesfortrainingandresearch. TheSPHwebsite(www.musph.ac.ug)is

currentlybeingupdatedandservesasanelectronicbasedresourcefor

disseminationofresearchoutputsaswellassupportingdistanceeducation

programs.

PreviousRelevantResearchExperience

TheMUSPHhasawealthofexperienceconductinghealthsystemsandpolicy

relevantactionresearch.FreddieSsengooba,GeorgePariyo,StefanPetersonand

othersat

MUSPH

have

conducted

studies

on:

HealthSystemsEffectsofRapidScaleupofAntiretroviralTreatmentandMaternalandChildHealthServices(ARVMAC)

FromApprovaltoUse. UnderstandingtheApprovalofNewPublicHealthTechnologies

EvaluationoftheImpactofGovernmentContractingofHealthServiceswithPrivatenotforProfitProviders

35
http://www.musph.ac.ug/http://www.musph.ac.ug/


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ApplyinganEquityLenstoanalysisofHealthSectorReforms UgandaIMCIImpactStudy(partofMulticountryevaluationofIMCI)UnderstandingtheImpactofDecentralizationonReproductiveHealth

36


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APPENDIXVI:INSTITUTIONALCAPACITYSTATEMENTOFAUSTRAL

COWICONSULTANTS

Forthepresentassignment,AustralCowiwillofferateamoffourwell

experiencedsocialandeconomicresearcherswithsolidbackgroundinthe

HIV/AIDScontext.Theirworkwillbesupportedbyoneadministrativeassistant.

Abriefdescriptionofeachteammemberfollowsbelow.

ProjectCoordinatorandQualityControlDirceCosta

DirceCostaisaseniordevelopmenteconomistwithmorethen25yearsof

experienceinprojectdevelopmentandresearchinitiatives. Shehasexpertisein

developmentrelatedproblemsandinstitutionalproblemsofthepublicsector,

includingthehealth,water,educationandjusticesectors.Herexperiencealso

includestheplanning,managementandfinanceofsuchsectorprojects.

Duringtheyear2006,shewastheteamleaderoftheregionalresearchteamfor

thestudyMonitoringtheaccessofcivilsocietytotheFundsfortheHIV/AIDS.

TheresearchwasfundedbytheOpenSocietyInitiativefortheSouthernAfrica

(OISISA)andwasconductedinLesotho,Malawi,Mozambique,Namibia,

SwazilandandZambiabytheCentreforAIDSDevelopmentResearchand

Evaluation(CADRE).Thisstudyinvestigatedtheeffectsoflargescalefunding

forHIV/AIDSontheworkofcivilsociety.

Mrs.

Costa

has

worked

on

policies

and

different

issues

related

to

the

developmenteconomy.Shedevelopedanumberofprojectevaluationsatthe

locallevelusinganarrayofresearchmethodologies.Mrs.Costahasalsolectured

onhealtheconomicsandmanagement.

WithinthepresentresearchDirceCostawillcoordinatetheresearchteamand

controlthequalityoftheoutputs.ShewillalsoliaiseandcoordinatewithCGD,

ICRWandthethreecountryteams.

HIV/AIDSandGenderAnalystMinnaTuominen

MinnaTuominensbackgroundisintheareaofculturalhistoryanddevelopmentstudies.Sheisveryknowledgeableaboutsocialdevelopment

issues,particularlyaboutissuesrelatedtogenderandHIV/AIDS.Shehas

conductedmanyevaluationsofHIV/AIDSrelatedprojectsandconducted

severalstrategyformulationprocessesforpublicaswellasprivateinstitutions,

includingdonoragenciesandNGOs. Minnaisexperiencedinlookingat

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HIV/AIDSthroughagenderlens.WhileworkingatUNAIDS,shegainedagood

insightoftheHIV/AIDSfundinginstitutions,theirpoliciesandpractices.

Withinthecontextofthepresentresearch,MinnaTuominenwillleadthegender

analysis.Hermaintasksincludeinstrumentdesign,analysisoftheresultsand

reporting.

SociologistGeorginaMontserrat

Whiletheconsultanthasanacademicbackgroundinpoliticalscienceand

developmentstudies,sheisskilledinthesociologicalanalysisofissuesrelatedto

socialandeconomicdevelopment.Theconsultantisexperiencedinquantitative,

qualitativeandparticipatoryresearchmethods,includingthemanagementand

processingofdata.Furthermore,sheisexperiencedinmanagingand

coordinatingfieldworkassignments.Currently,shehasacentralroleinthe

managementofaconsultancythatseekstodesignanHIV/AIDSworkplaceprogramfortheMinistryofEducation.

GeorginaMontserratwillpreparethefieldworkcomponentoftheprojectand

participateinthedesignoftheresearchinstruments.TogetherwithElesara

Antunes(seebelow)shewillconductallkeyinformantinterviews,systematize

andorganizetheinformation,andparticipateintheanalysisandreporting.

AnthropologistElesaraAntunes

ElesaraAntunes

is

a

development

specialist

with

a

background

in

anthropology.Shehassevenyearsofworkexperiencewithinthepublicsector

dealingwithpolicydevelopmentandimplementationissuesforgender,poverty

andHIV/AIDSissueswithinthetransportationsector.

Mrs.Antuneshasalsoworkedinthepreparationofsocioeconomicassessments.

Whileimplementingtheseactivitiestheconsultantacquiredexperienceinthe

useofqualitativeandquantitativeresearchmethods.

TogetherwithGeorginaMontserrat,ElesaraAntuneswillconductallkey

informantinterviews,systematizeandorganizetheinformation,andparticipateintheanalysisandreporting.

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APPENDIXVII:CAPACITYSTATEMENTOFTHEHEALTHECONOMICS

PROGRAM;DEPARTMENTOFECONOMICS,SCHOOLOFHUMANITIES

ANDSOCIALSCIENCES,UNIVERSITYOFZAMBIA

TheHealthEconomicsProgram(HEP)isaunitwithintheeconomicsdepartment

attheUniversityofZambia(UNZA).Forthepast10years,HEP(withfunding

fromSIDA)hasfocusedonpolicyorientedresearchfortheMinistryofHealth

andtheCentralBoardofHealth.TheprogramiscoordinatedbyCaesarCheelo,a

wellregardedlecturerintheeconomicsdepartment.Chairmanoftheprograms

advisoryboardisProfessorManengaNdulo,alsooftheeconomicsdepartment.

HEPismadeupprimarilyoffacultyintheeconomicsdepartment,bringingin

individualexpertsfromoutsidetheuniversityasrequiredtostaffprojects.

StudentsareroutinelyinvolvedinHEPresearchprojects,andHEPfacultyall

teachattheuniversity.

HEPsmostregularpartnerinresearchcollaborationhasbeentheSwedish

InstituteforHealthEconomics(IHE),collaboratingonstudiesoncost

effectiveness,healthsystems,anduserfeesinthehealthsector.(Thelaststudy

contributedsubstantiallytocurrentMOHdeliberationsaboutabolitionofuser

fees.)HEPalsohasproducedbiannualstudiesfortheMOHonNationalHealth

Accounts,withthe2006studyfeaturinganHIV/AIDSsubanalysis.HEP

currentlyiscollaboratingwiththeHealthEconomicsandHIV/AIDSResearch

DivisioninSouthAfricaonathreecountrystudyaboutthedegreetowhich

HIV/AIDSprograms

are

integrated

with

or

parallel

to

public

health

systems.

CGDwillworkwithHEPtoensurethatthereiscomplementarity,not

duplication,betweenthesetworelatedstudies.

Thestudyteamforthegendercomponentofthecollaborativeresearchwith

CGDincludes4staffmembersfromtheDepartmentofGenderStudiesandthree

fromtheHealthEconomicsprogram.

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APPENDIXVIII:THEHIV/AIDSMONITORRESEARCHPROGRAM

i)RationalefortheHIV/AIDSMonitor

Inresponsetobothpublichealthimperativeandunprecedentedpolitical

pressures,theHIV/AIDSpandemichasresultedinmassiveincreasesindonor

assistanceinrecentyears,relativetootherglobalhealth(anddevelopment)

problems.AccordingtoUNAIDS,globalfundingtocombatHIV/AIDShas

nearlytripledsince2001,from$2.1billiontoanestimated$6.1billionin20041

andreachedanestimated$8billionin2005.2Thethreemostprominentnew

initiativesforthisfundingaretheGlobalFundtoFightAIDS,Tuberculosisand

Malaria(theGlobalFund),theUnitedStatesPresidentsEmergencyPlanfor

AIDSRelief(PEPFAR)andtheWorldBankprograms,includingprimarilythe

MulticountryHIV/AIDSProgram(MAP).Thenewglobaleffortstofight

HIV/AIDShavebroughtsubstantiallylargerscalefundingtocountriesand

governmentsforaggressiveresponsestothepandemic.

Althoughtheincreasedfundingiswelcome,thereislittledoubtthatcurrent

globalfundingisvastlyinsufficienttomeettheneedsforpreventionand

treatmentofHIV/AIDSinlowincomecountries,estimatedat$15billionin2006

andrisingeachsubsequentyear.3Inaddition,debateragesaboutthemost

effectivewaysfordonorstodeliverandmanagetheseincreasedaidflows:the

threemajorinitiativesnotedaboveusedistinctapproachestodesignand

implementprogramstofightHIV/AIDS.WhiletheHIV/AIDSMonitorprogram

willnot

measure

public

health

outcomes

or

the

impact

on

individuals

health

statusofdonorsupportedHIV/AIDSprogramming,wewillassessthepolicies,

practicesanddecisionmakingofthedonorinstitutions,aswellasthe

consequencesofthosedecisionsatthecountrylevel.Indoingso,wewillbeable

todrawinferencesaboutthelevelandqualityoftheresponseofdifferentaid

mechanismstotherealworldchallengesincountriesheavilyaffectedby

HIV/AIDS.

Findingoutwhatisworking,fixingwhatisnot,andmakingthesethreefunding

mechanismsworkmoreeffectivelyshouldbeahighpriorityashighas

mobilizingmoreresources.Generatingsupportforincreasedfundinginthefutureandusingthatfundingmoreeffectivelywillrequireacombinationof

soundanalysisofthestrengthsandweaknessesofcurrentprogramsalongwith

skilledadvocacy.Existingprogramsmustshowlargescaleachievements

commensuratewithboththeneedandthefundingprovided;thelessonsofthose

programsmustbeclearlycommunicatedtopolicymakers,legislators,andthe

generalpublic.Lessonslearnedfromtheseinitiativesarelikelytohave

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substantialimpactforyearstocomeondonorpracticesandaidmodalitiesfor

HIV/AIDSprogramsandforeignaidprogramsmoregenerally.

TheCenterforGlobalDevelopment(CGD)iswellplacedtoundertakeand

disseminatecomparativeanalysesofthethreemajorsourcesofglobalfunding

forHIV/AIDS.Weareexaminingtheprogramscharacteristicsandperformance,

bothatthegloballevelandinthreesubSaharanAfricancountries.Thiswork

complementsotherrecentandongoingworkonglobalHIV/AIDS,andwill

informabroadersetofquestionsabouttheeffectivenessofdistinctaiddelivery

strategies.

ii)GoalsandObjectivesoftheHIV/AIDSMonitor

TheoverallgoaloftheHIV/AIDSMonitoristoimprovetheperformanceofall

threeinitiativesbyexaminingkeyissuesintheirdesignandapproach,and

providingtimelyanalysestoimprovetheefficiencyandeffectivenessofeach

initiative.Thespecificobjectivesare:

1)Toconducthighqualityresearchandanalysisontopicsthataffectaid

design,deliveryandmanagementfordonorfundedHIV/AIDSprograms.

2)Toconducteffectiveoutreachanddisseminationofresultstoinspireand

influencechangeindonorprogramsforHIV/AIDS

3)Tostimulateinformedconversationamongdonors,implementersand

advocatesaroundtheseandotherrelatedissues.

Theperspectivetakenisbroad:weareconcernednotonlywiththenarrowaims

oftheprograms,buthowtheprogramsapproachmajorchallengesof

implementationandwhatarethebroaderimpactsonthehealthsystemand

nationaldevelopmentstrategies.

iii)ProgramDesign

Theprogramisdesignedtogainaclearunderstandingofthepolicies,

procedures,methodsofimplementationandimplicationsofthethreefunding

mechanisms

by

capturing

both

global

and

country

level

perspectives.

This

will

beaccomplishedbytwointerconnectedbranchesofanalysis:analysisof

principalthemesattheglobalandheadquarterslevelandindepthstudies

conductedinthreeAfricancountriesthatreceivefundingfromallthreesources:

Mozambique,UgandaandZambia.Studiesconductedbythesetwobranches,

bothcoordinatedbyCGD,willfeedintooneanotherandbenefitfromlessons,

dataandinformation.

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A)GlobalAnalysis:

Theglobalanalysispieceoftheprojectwillexplorehowthethreefunding

initiativesaddressmajorchallengesinHIV/AIDSprogramdesign,

implementationandevaluation,andwhereandwhentheseapproachesare

successfulorlessso.Byframingthequestionsaschallengesthatallthreedonorsconfront,wehopetoavoidsimplisticoroverlypoliticizedinterpretations.

Currently,thegloballevelresearchisfocusingonfivemajorareasofresearch:

i.Disbursement:Whataretheimplicationsofdisbursementpoliciesand

practicesonthetransferofresourcesfromdonortorecipientcountries?

ii.ProcurementandSupplyChainManagement:Whatarethedonors

selectionandprocurementpoliciesandpracticesandtheimplicationsof

these

for

recipient

countries?

How

do

these

measure

against

standard

best

practicesforprocurement?

iii.PerformancebasedFundingDecisions:Whatiseachdonorsapproachto

therelationshipbetweenfundingandperformance?

iv.BeneficiaryAnalysisofVulnerableGroups:Howdodonorprograms

addressgenderandthespecificvulnerabilitiesofwomen,ororphansand

vulnerablechildren?

v.MonitoringandEvaluation:Howdodonorsmonitorandevaluatetheir

programs?

B)CountryLevelAnalysis:

Inpreparingthecountrylevelresearchquestions,CGDconductedaseriesof

assessmentsinsixAfricancountries(Ethiopia,Malawi,Mozambique,Rwanda,

UgandaandZambia)todeterminethekeychallengesfacinggovernmentsand

incountrystakeholdersasaresultoftheaidflowingfromthesethreedonors.

Withlessonslearnedfromthisprocess,wedevelopedaninitialframeworkof

sevenquestionswhichwewilladdressthroughindepthanalysesbythelocal

researchpartners

(with

assistance

from

a

field

director

and

CGD

as

necessary)

in

threespecificcountriesMozambique,UgandaandZambia.Thelocalresearch

institutionswereidentifiedbyCGDduringtheinitialassessmentperiodand

wereselectedfortheircompetencyinpublichealth,economicsand/orpolicy

research.

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Specificareasofresearchinclude:

i.TrackingtheFunding:Howmuchmoneyisbeingcommitted/disbursed

andwhoaretherecipients?Dorecipientshavethecapacitytousethe

fundingtheyaregiven?

ii.GenderAnalysis:Howaregenderconcernsreflectedindonorprograms?

iii.RelationshipbetweenFundingandPerformance:Howiseachfunding

mechanismoperationalizingtheconceptofperformancebasedfunding?

Howareresultsmeasured?

iv.RelationshipofHIV/AIDSandReproductiveHealthPrograms:Howdoes

thelargevolumeoffundsforHIV/AIDSprogramsaffectotheressential

healthinterventionssuchasreproductivehealth?

v.EffectsofDonorFundsontheNationalHealthSystem:Aredonorsusingexistingmechanismswithinthenationalhealthsystemtoimplementtheir

aid,orcreatingnewandparallelsystems?Whatcombinationsof

approachestosystemsworkmosteffectivelyinwhatcontexts?

vi.RecurrentCostBurdenandSustainability:Howhasdonorfundingfor

HIV/AIDSimpactedgovernmentspending,andwhatmeasuresarein

placeamongthedonorstoensurelongtermfinancing?

vii.ImpactonLaborMarketforHealthCareWorkersandManagerialTalent:

Howhavethedonorprogramsaffectedthelabormarket?

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APPENDIXIX:DETAILEDBUDGET

CGD/USA ICRW/USA

Personnel Personnel

DirectorHIV/MonitorProgram 21,840 LeadInvestigator 7,999

ProgramCoordinator 7,280 ResearchAssociate 8,723

ProgramAssistant 6,800 ProgramAssistant 1,696

CommunicationsTeam 15,000 CommunicationsTeam 12,470

TotalPersonnel 50,920 TotalPersonnel 30,888

Benefits 12,730 Benefits 13,127

TotalCompensation 63,650 TotalCompensation 44,015

FieldWork FieldWork

Travel

25,000

Airfare

9,000

FieldDirector 20,000 PerDiem 10,470

WorkshopKampala/Uganda 42,065

TotalFieldWork 87,065 TotalFieldWork 19,470

Dissemination/Communications Dissemination/Communications

Outreach&Events 20,000 Outreach&Events 10,875

Publications 10,000 Documentation 5,000

TotalDissemination/Comm. 30,000 TotalDissemination/Comm. 15,875

AdministrativeCosts 20,798 AdministrativeCosts 27,776

TotalCGDBudget 201,513 TotalICRWBudget 107,136

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MakerereUniversityUganda AustralCOWI/Mozambique

Personnel Personnel

TeamLeader 7,200 TeamLeader 6,375

Researchers(3) 10,500 Researcher(genderspecialist) 14,250

ResearchAssistants(3) 6,750 Researchers(2) 42,700

AdministrativeAssistant 6,000

TotalPersonnel 24,450 TotalPersonnel 69,325

Benefits Benefits

TotalCompensation 24,450 TotalCompensation 69,325

FieldWork FieldWork

Vehicle/Fuel/Driver 12,510 Internationalconsultant 1,500

Training&Workshops 3,200 Travel 2,951

Travel/Telephone/Postage 4,580 Telephone/Postage/Supplies 547

TotalFieldWork 20,290 TotalFieldWork 4,998

Dissemination/Communications Dissemination/Communications

Seminars&Workshops 4,000 NationalWorkshop 3,047

FeesforEthicsReview 300

TotalDissemination/Comm. 4,300 TotalDissemination/Comm. 3,047

AdministrativeCosts 4,834 AdministrativeCosts 1,500

TotalUgandaBudget 53,874 TotalMozambiqueBudget 78,870

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UniversityofZambia

Personnel

TeamLeader 2,750

ResearchCoordinator 8,225

Researchers(3) 9,775

ResearchAssistants 7,900

TotalPersonnel 28,650

Benefits

TotalCompensation 28,650

FieldWork

LocalTravel 1,100

PerDiem 8,800

Stationery/Communication 1,300

TotalFieldWork 11,200

Dissemination/Communications

NationalWorkshop 2,400

Total

Dissemination/Comm. 2,400

AdministrativeCosts 2,113

TotalZambiaBudget 44,363

BudgetSummary

BudgetLineItem CGD ICRW Zambia Uganda Mozambique Total

Personnel 63,650 44,015 28,650 24,450 69,325 230,090

Fieldwork 87,065 19,470 11,200 20,290 4,998 143,023

Communications&Dissemination 30,000 15,875 2,400 4,000 3,047 55,322

AdministrativeCosts 20,798 27,776 2,113 5,134 1,500 57,321

TOTAL 201,513 107,136 44,363 53,874 78,870 485,756

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47

ExplanatoryNotesabouttheBudget

(i)DifferencesinPersonnelCosts

Factorscontributingtothedifferencesinpersonnelcostsacrossorganizations

andcountriesinclude:

1.Eachcountryhasadifferentmarketrateforresearchers,basedonthesupply

ofanddemandfortheseworkersinthatparticularcountry. InMozambique,for

example,thefeweconomistsandhealthexpertsthatconductresearchareinhigh

demand,andthereforecommandhighsalaries.

2.AustralCOWI,unlikeMakerereUniversityandtheUniversityofZambia,isa

privateconsultingfirm. AustralCOWIdoesnotreceivegovernmentgrantsor

otherpublicmoniestodeferoverheadexpenses. Theseexpensesmustbepaidforthroughtheirresearchprojects.

3.FortheWashingtonbasedinstitutions,thehigherpersonnelcostsforCGD,the

leadorganization,reflectthefactthatitwilldevotemorestafftimetothestudy

thanwillICRW.

(ii)DifferencesbetweenCostsofResearchersandResearchAssistants

Theresearchers

possess

technical

expertise

and

have

advanced

degrees

(typically

PhDs)intheirareaofspecialty. Ontheotherhand,researchassistantshave

feweryearsofformaleducation. Insomecases,forexample,theyarestudents

enrolledinMastersdegreeprograms. Thedifferenceintheirexpertiseisthe

reasonforthedifferenceinthelaborratesbetweenthesetwopersonnelsub

categories.


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AppendixX:ORGANOGRAMANDINTENDEDDISSEMINATIONTARGETSFORPRO

Nancy BirdsallPresident

Lawrence

MacDonaldDirector of

Communications

Ruth LevineVice President for

Programs and

Operations

Dennis de TrayVice President for

Special Initiatives

Jessica OgdenICRW

Nandini

OommanDirector, HIV/AIDS

Monitor

William OkediField Director

Michael

BernsteinProgram

Coordinator

Austral-Cowi

ConsultingMozambique

Makerere

University School

of Public HealthUganda

University of

ZambiaZambia

Steve

RosenzweigProgram

Coordinator

Dissemofficialinternaand int

Dissemactors,economcivil so

Dissemstakehdonor official

In partnership

with SIDA


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AppendixXI:RESPONSESTOQUESTIONSFROMMICHAELTAWANDA

(ROUND1,NOV30,2008)

(1)TheAllianceforHealthPolicyandSystemsResearch(HPSR)/Global

HIV/AIDSInitiativesNetwork(GHIN) partlyfundedbySidaHQ arealso

involvedinresearchonthe Big3 (WB,GFTAMandPEPFAR).HowCGDs

workdiffersfromthelatterisnot(andshould)bementionedinthedocument.In

particular,itmustbequiteclearthatgenderisnotafocusintheHPSR/GHIN

programme.

CGDsHIV/AIDSMonitorisfocusedonaseriesofcomparativeanalysesofthe

threemajorHIV/AIDSdonorsatthegloballevelandatthecountrylevel. GHIN

studiestodatearemainlyfocusedontheeffectsofasingledonorsfundingat

subnationallevels,whiletheHIV/AIDSMonitorsuniqueanalyticalapproach

allowscomparisonsacrossthethreedonorspoliciesinthreecountriesandthepolicyinterfacebetweenthedonorandnationallevelstakeholders(andsome

subnational)government,civilsociety,privatesectoretc.Whileboth

initiativeshavesomeoverlappingareasofinquiry(suchaseffectsofdonor

fundingonhealthsystems,humanresourcesetc)inagivencountry,the

HIV/AIDSMonitorincludesaspecificgenderanalysisofdonorfundsfor

HIV/AIDSatthegloballevelandatthecountrylevel.LikeGHIN,theHIV/AIDS

Monitorisproducingresearchevidencetoinfluencepolicy,butwithamore

concertedefforttoengagedonorofficialsonanongoingbasis,maximizingthe

desiredshift

in

policies

for

HIV/AIDS.

(2)Inadditiontothedetailedbudgets,aSummaryBudgettablewouldbe

useful,utilizingthesamesubheadings Personnel+Benefits,FieldWork,

Diss/Comms,Admin.Atthesametime,couldyoualsoexplainthedifferentials

inPersonnelcosts,especiallybetweentheCountryTeams CGD/USA28%;

ICRW/USA20%;Makerere11%;AustralCOWI31%;UZ13% andwithinthe

categoriesofResearcher/ResearchAssistant.

PleaseseeadditionstoAppendixIX.

(3)Couldyoualsosendcopiesof:

(i)CGDsFinancialManagementandAdministrationmanual(s)

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CGDdoesnothavesuchamanual,butourDirectorofFinanceandHuman

Resources,EllenMacKenzie,wouldbehappytoansweranyquestionsyouhave

aboutourprocedures. [email protected]

(ii)CGDslasttwo(2)FinancialAuditReports,iftheyareavailable.Theseare

requirementswithinoursystem

Attachedinseparatedocument.

(4)Itwouldbeusefultoinsertanorganogramofthedecisionmakingand

managementstructure fromCGDHQ(inclusiveofmorethanjusttheHIV

MonitorProgramee)throughtoallrelevantpartners,includingintendedtargets

forthecommunications/disseminationstrategy

PleaseseeAppendixX.

(5)Thelogframe/goalhierarchy:

(i)Regionalactorsasatargetgroup OurraisondetreasaTeamistoaddvalueat

theregionallevel.Inthatregard,couldwenotincluderegionalactorsasatarget

groupforyourDiss/Commsstrategy.ThegoodworkCGDhasalreadydone,

andthefindingsfromtheproposedstudywillgreatlyempowerentitiessuchas:

theRegionalEconomicCommunities(AU,SADC,EAC specificallytheir

ParliamentaryFora,

and

occasional

gatherings

of

Member

State

NACs);

and

RegionalCivilSocietyOrganizations,tonameafew.

Theprimarytargetaudienceforourresearchisthedonorsthemselves,including

highlevelstaffatdonorsheadquartersandfieldbasedstaffatthecountrylevel.

Nonetheless,CGDisinprinciplecommittedtotheideatotargetregionalactors

aspartofourdisseminationactivities. CGDand/oritscollaboratingresearch

institutionsinAfricahavelinkstomanyregionalactors,includingregionalcivil

societyorganizations. Tomosteffectivelydisseminateourresearchtoregional

bodies,however,wewouldliketorequestthatCGDestablishapartnershipwith

SIDAsHIV/AIDSregionalteamforAfrica;theSIDAHIV/AIDSTeamforAfricahasanestablishednetworkofregionalcontacts,andcouldhelpusaccess

appropriateplatforms,suchasregularmeetingsoftheSADCandEAC,for

disseminatingourresearchtokeyregionalactors. Workinginpartnershipwith

SIDA,webelievethatwecanexercisesignificantinfluenceoveractorsthat

influencetheregionsHIV/AIDSresponse.

50
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


51/55

(ii)Goal asisthegoal(assessment)soundsmorelike Purpose:itdoesnot

engenderimagesofintended/anticipateddevelopmentalchange.Tostartfrom

theend,ausefulindicatoratthatlevelmightbe Endorsementoftherecommendationsofthestudyby(a)the Big3 ,(b)RECs,(c)otherrelevant

RegionalActors).Then,theGoalwouldbe Tocontributetotheeffectivenessof

the Big3 inaddressinggender......

Seeupdatedlogframe.

(iii)Purpose(s) onthebasisoftheforegoing,this/thesemightbe Toassessthe

effectiveness.....andDevelopasetofrecommendationsformoreeffective......

Seeupdatedlogframe.

(iv)Objectives foreaseofreadingcouldtheobjectives(p.38)beincorporatedin

thelogframe?

Theitemslistedonpage38arenotobjectives,butratherthesevenresearch

themesthatwillbeinvestigatedaspartoftheHIV/AIDSMonitorscountrylevel

research.

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AppendixXII:RESPONSESTOQUESTIONSFROMMICHAELTAWANDA

(ROUND2FEB1,2008)

1.Legal/institutional whatis:

a)CGDsorganization#,andplaceofregistration

EINnumberis522351337.Wewereincorporated2001inDC.

b)theCGDPresidentsrole/functionvisavistheVicePresidentsandthe

BoardofDirectors/ExecutiveCommittee?

ThePresidentreportstotheChairmanoftheBoardandisaccountabletothe

BoardofDirectors.TheBoardmeetstwiceayeartoreviewtheCentersactivities

andfinancesandtoprovideadviceandcounseltothePresident.Asubsetofthe

Board,theExecutiveCommittee,meetsquarterlytoprovideongoingoversight.TheBoardisresponsiblefortheoverallcontroloftheCentersproperty,funds,

andaffairs.

InconsultationwiththeBoard,thePresidentmaintainsprimaryresponsibility

forsettingtheresearchagendaoftheCenterandforhiringnewstaff. The

PresidentreviewsallofCGDsmajorpublications. Shealsousesherextensive

personalandprofessionalconnectionstohelpdisseminatetheCentersresearch

findingstohighlevelofficialsingovernmentalandnongovernmentalbodies. In

addition,the

President

conducts

her

own

research

on

topics

including

aid

effectiveness,propoorgrowth,andLatinAmericandevelopment.

CGDstwoVicePresidentssupervisethegrowingstaff,particularlythoseparts

devotedtofundraising,fiscalmanagementandgeneraladministration. They

alsomaintaintheirownresearchportfolios. ThePresident,VicePresident,and

otherseniorstaffmeeteverytwoweekstodiscussmanagementissues.

2.FinancialAudits

couldyousenttheManagementLettersforthe2005and2006AuditReports

alreadysent?

ThemanagementlettersrequestedareaddressedtotheBoardofDirectorsofthe

CenterforGlobalDevelopment,andaregenerallyconsideredprivateand

confidentialdocuments. Allpublicinformationisprovidedintheaudited

financialstatements. Ifthereisaspecifictypeofinformationthatisrequiredby

SIDAtoevaluatethegrantproposal,pleaseadviseandwewillobtaina

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statementfromtheChairofourBoardofDirectors,basedontheinformationin

themanagementletter

wewillnotbeexpectingaseparateauditonourcontribution,butonlyaspart

oftheoverallCGDaudit.Whencanweexpectthe2008AuditReport(with

accompanyingManagementLetter)

The2007AuditReportwillbecompletedinMarch. Weshouldbeabletosenda

copytoyoushortlythereafter.

3.Logframe IreallyneedforCGD/HIV&AIDSMonitortonaildownsomeof

thefollowingmoreconcretelyinthelogframe:

Pleaseseerevisedlogframe

StatementofGoalandPurpose OK

IndicatorsforGoalandPurpose Ifeelthetwo(2)givenrelatemost

appropriatelytothePurpose.FortheGoal,albeitlongterm/pastthelifeofthe

programme,somethingoftheform Studyrecommendationsadopted......

wouldbefitting.Pleasefeelfreetoreact..

Pleaseseerevisedlogframe

Objectives

IreallydoneedtoseeastatementofeachObjectiveinthematrix(notjust

theexpectedoutcome).Inthatregard,Iseetwo(2)objectives(ingeneral

terms)asbeingrelevant:(a)Research/analysis,withsubobjectivesforthe

differentlevelsofdatacollection,and(2)Dissemination/lobbying, withsub

objectivesforthedifferentlevelsofdissemination

MuchofwhatiscurrentlyinthematrixunderOutcomeslookmorelike

activitiesrelatedto(a)

Pleaseseerevisedlogframeforstatementsofeachobjective

Dissemination/lobbying pleasebespecificonthewho(targetgroupsatall

relevantlevels global,regional,national)andthehow

Pleaseseerevisedlogframeforspecifictargetaudience

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4.Budget

Mozambique IneedfurtherclarificationonwhyyoufeelthatAustralCOWI

isthemostcostefficientsolutiontotheprogramrequirements,in

Mozambique

Personnelcosts remyqueryinanearliercommunicationregarding

Researcher/ResearchAssistantcostdifferentials,thereappearstohavebeena

misunderstanding.Iamawareoftheeducational/skillsdifferentials

separatingthetwocategories.Myqueryrelatedrathertothewithincategory

(asopposedtoacrosscategorycomparison)ieResearchersinonecountry

beingremuneratedatavastlydifferentlevelcomparedtoResearchersin

anothercountrydittowithResearchAssistants,

WeexplainedthisintheproposalinAppendixIXasexplanatorynotestothe

budget. IhavecopiedthetextfromthatAppendixhereforeasyreference.

ExplanatoryNotesabouttheBudget(fromAppendixIX)

(i)DifferencesinPersonnelCosts

Factorscontributingtothedifferencesinpersonnelcostsacrossorganizationsand

countriesinclude:

1.Eachcountryhasadifferentmarketrateforresearchers,basedonthesupplyofand

demandfor

these

workers

in

that

particular

country.

In

Mozambique,

for

example,

the

feweconomistsandhealthexpertsthatconductresearchareinhighdemand,and

thereforecommandhighsalaries. CGDconsidereduniversitybasedresearchersin

Maputo,butitwasclearthattheywouldnothavethetimeavailabilitytoparticipatein

thesestudiesandresearchwouldbecompromisedintermsofqualityandspeed.Other

consultinggroupswerealsoapproachedbyCGD,butwerefoundtohaveratesmuch

higherthanthoseofAustralCOWI.

2.AustralCOWI,unlikeMakerereUniversityandtheUniversityofZambia,isaprivate

consultingfirm.AustralCOWIdoesnotreceivegovernmentgrantsorotherpublic

moniestodeferoverheadexpenses. Theseexpensesmustbepaidforthroughtheirresearchprojects.

Inaddition:

CGDconductedcountryassessments beforetheHIV/AIDSMonitorwaslaunched.

Throughthesecountry assessments,CGDalsoselectedourpartnerinstitutions,chosen

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basedonanumberofconsiderations,includinggeneralresearchandanalyticalcapacity,

previousworkwithinternationalpartners,connectionswithincountrystakeholders,

interest,timeandavailabilitytode

cgd proposal

Documents