cgie girls get set 2002 fiber optics & light guides presentation by: cgie cambridge girls in...

CGIE Girls Get Set 2002

Fiber Optics & Fiber Optics & Light GuidesLight Guides

Presentation by:CGIE

Cambridge Girls In Engineering

July 1st –August 2nd, 2002


MiaMia

• School:School:Cambridgeport

School

• Age:Age:13 yrs old

• Hobbies:Hobbies:Computer Games,

Sports


LydiaLydia

• School:School:Martin Luther King

School


• Hobbies:Hobbies:Drawing & Painting


AnnieAnnie

• School:School:King Open School


• Hobbies:Hobbies:Dancing, Swimming,

and Basketball


AshleeAshlee

• School:School:King Open School


• Hobbies:Hobbies:Swimming, Singing,

volleyball,


LaurieLaurie

• School:School:Cambridgeport School


• Hobbies:Hobbies:Playing the piano,

listening to music, shopping, and writing


Overview of Overview of PresentationPresentation

• Basic knowledge, use, and structure of fiber optics and light guides – how they work, pros/cons, applications, etc.

• Group project – deciding on ideas, prototypes, ordering, building, etc.

• Final Exhibit


What Are Fiber Optics?What Are Fiber Optics?

• Long, thin strands

• Glass/Plastic• Diameter of a

human hair• Come in bundles• Able to transmit

signals or images over long distances


What are Light Guides?What are Light Guides?

• Long rods that come in different shapes and sizes

• Glass/ plastics able to transmit light

• Some are flexible• Work like fiber

optics


Differences Between Differences Between Fiber Optics and Light Fiber Optics and Light

GuidesGuides•Light Guide- long,

variety of different diameters, do not concentrate light as well as fiber optics

•Fiber Optics- small, thin, transmit light more efficiently, flexible


Basic Structure of Basic Structure of Fiber Optics and Light Fiber Optics and Light

GuidesGuides

* Layer one: Jacket or Buffer Coating

*Layer two: Cladding

*Layer three: Core


How Do They WorkHow Do They Work

• The core has a higher index of refraction than the cladding

• The light travels through the core by constant reflection from the cladding


Advantages & Advantages & Disadvantages Disadvantages of Fiber Opticsof Fiber Optics

Advantages• Lightweight• Non-flammable• Flexible• Carry signals

more efficiently than traditional methods

Disadvantages

• Break easily• Small & hard

to detect• Expensive


Advantages & Advantages & Disadvantages of Light Disadvantages of Light

GuidesGuides

Advantages:• More durable• Light travels

through• Less

expensive• Available in

different sizes

Disadvantages:• Scratches easily• Some are

breakable• Light can get

lost if scratched too much


Applications of Fiber Applications of Fiber OpticsOptics

• Medical instruments

• Communications networks

• Computers and printers


Where did Fiber Optics Where did Fiber Optics come from?come from?

• In the late 1800’s scientist John Tyndall found using an illuminated tank, light could travel through a curved stream

• After years of experimenting, he found that light and images were able to be carried through glass rods


How We Decided on How We Decided on Fiber Optics and Light Fiber Optics and Light

GuidesGuides

• We were going to use lasers and mirrors to reflect light through a maze

• It was suggested that we do something with fiber optics

• We did research and found out about light guides

• We brainstormed ideas


ExhibitExhibit Ideas Ideas

Our ideas were:• Spider Girl• Teddy Bear• Medusa’s Head• Alphabet• Spaghetti Maze


Spider Girl


Teddy Bear


Medusa’s Head


Spaghetti Maze


Final DecisionFinal Decision

•We decided to do the spaghetti maze as our main project

•New title for the exhibit: “Light It Up”


PrototypesPrototypes


What is “Light It Up”?What is “Light It Up”?

• Various fiber optics and light guides shaped with bends and curves

• Users of the exhibit shine the light in one end and see where it comes out

• Putting colored filters in front of the light changes how it looks coming out of the other end

• This exhibit shows how light travels through fiber optics and light guides


DiscussionsDiscussions


ExperimentsExperiments

• Different lengths & diameters of light guides

• Different light sources – flashlights vs. LEDs

• Bending light guides with different heat sources – stove vs. blowtorch

• Filters / colors


Problems We Came Problems We Came AcrossAcross

• What kind of lights are we going to use?– How powerful will they be?– How will the lights be set up?

• What diameter of the light guides are we using?

• What are the dimensions of the exhibit?• What is the cost of the materials?• Are the light guides strong enough to

carry the light?


More IssuesMore Issues

• Light cannot travel through a 30 foot long light guide

• Maximum length of each light guide is 6 feet

• Different frustrations with team dynamics


Ordering MaterialsOrdering Materials

•Different types of light guides & fiber optics

•Lights (LED & reflectors)•Color Filters•Wire for prototype•Light switches


BudgetBudgetItem Company

Individual Cost Quantity Total Cost

1mm Acrylic Fiber Edmund industrial 1.30$ 10 13.00$ 3mm Acrylic Fiber Edmund industrial 3.50$ 10 35.00$ 1mm round optical fiber Optical polymer reasearch 0.13$ 115 14.95$ 3.2mm round optical fiber Optical polymer reasearch 1.30$ 50 65.00$ 2mm red fluorescent round fiber Optical polymer reasearch 4.59$ 1 4.59$ 2mm yellow fluorescent round fiber Optical polymer reasearch 4.59$ 1 4.59$ 2mm green fluorescent round fiber Optical polymer reasearch 4.59$ 1 4.59$ 2mm blue fluorescent round fiber Optical polymer reasearch 4.59$ 1 4.59$ 1mm orange fluorescent round fiber Optical polymer reasearch 1.05$ 1 1.05$ 6.3mm jacketed fiber optic bundle Edmund industrial 8.70$ 18 156.60$ .25"extruded acrylic rod McMaster-Carr 0.89$ 3 2.67$ 6mm glass rod McMaster-Carr 4.04$ 1 4.04$ LED 6400 MCD, 20 deg. www.theledlight .com 17.40$ 1 17.40$ LED 6400 MCD, 20 deg. www.theledlight .com 17.40$ 1 17.40$ LED reflectors www.theledlight .com 1.20$ 1 1.20$ Laminating Modern Laminating - 48 80.00$ Colored Filters B.N. Productions Inc. 6.50$ 8 52.00$ 48x48 clear cast acrylic sheet McMaster-Carr 118.13$ 2 236.26$ 90 degree Angle Outlet Strip McMaster-Carr 47.02$ 2 94.04$ 36x48 clear cast acrylic sheet McMaster-Carr 96.65$ 1 96.65$ Clear cast acrylic rod McMaster-Carr 3.98$ 12 47.76$ 22mm panel cutout plastic switch McMaster-Carr 11.90$ 7 83.30$ Borosilicate glass rod, 6 mm, 48'' McMaster-Carr 5.54$ 1 5.54$ 24x48 clear cast acrylic sheet McMaster-Carr 20.91$ 1 20.91$ 19" wide rack-mount outlet strip McMaster-Carr 47.02$ 1 47.02$ Flourescent optical fiber-Y G B V South Coast Fiber Optics 1.40$ 12 16.80$ Flourescent optical fiber-Red 0.06" South Coast Fiber Optics 0.80$ 3 2.40$ Flourescent optical fiber-Red 0.1" South Coast Fiber Optics 2.40$ 3 7.20$ Flourescent optical fiber-Orange-0.04" South Coast Fiber Optics 0.32$ 3 0.96$ Plastic optical fiber South Coast Fiber Optics 0.14$ 115 16.10$ Acrylic optical fiber South Coast Fiber Optics 0.72$ 35 25.20$ Stranded single conductor wire McMaster-Carr 24.21$ 1 24.21$ Shipping and handling fees - - - 500.00$

Total

Estimated

Cost =

$1703.02


Lets Do It!Lets Do It!


Final Exhibit: Light It Up


SPECIAL THANKSSPECIAL THANKSto…to…


Questions?Questions?

cgie girls get set 2002 fiber optics & light guides presentation by: cgie cambridge girls in...

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