ch 1 introduction to accounting and business ind

45
Prepared by: C. Douglas Cloud Professor Emeritus of Accounting Pepperdine University © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, ecept !or use as per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use. $tudent %ersion Introduction to Accounting and Business Chapter 1 Chapter 1 These slides should be viewed using the presentation mode (click the icon to start presentation).

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7/24/2019 Ch 1 Introduction to Accounting and Business Ind

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Prepared by: C. DouglasCloudProfessor Emeritus ofAccountingPepperdine University

© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, ecept !or use as

per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

$tudent %ersion

Introduction to Accounting andBusiness

Chapter 1

Chapter 1

These slides should be viewed using the presentation

mode (click the icon to start presentation).

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© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, ecept !or use as

per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

Learning b!ective "

". #enggambar$an sifat bisnis% perana$untansi% dan eti$a dalam bisnis.

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© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, ecept !or use as

per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

&ature of Business and Accounting

Business adala' suatu organisasidimana sumber daya dasar (input)%seperti ba'an dan tenaga $er!a%

dira$it dan diproses untu$memberi$an barang atau !asa(outputs) $epada pelanggan.

LO 1

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

LO 1

&ature of Business and Accounting

*u!uan dari $ebanya$an bisnis adala'untu$ mendapat$an Laba.

Laba adala' perbedaan antara !umla' yang diterima dari pelangganuntu$ barang atau !asa dan !umla'yang di$eluar$an untu$ input yang

diguna$an untu$ menyedia$anbarang atau !asa.

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

*'e +ole of Accounting in Business

Accounting dapat dide,nisi$ansebagai sistem informasi yangmenyedia$an laporan $epada

pengguna tentang $egiatan e$onomidan $ondisi bisnis.

LO 1

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Proses dimana a$untansimemberi$an informasi $epadapengguna adala' sebagai beri$ut:

mengidentifkasi users.

Menilai kebutuhan inormasi pengguna.

Merancang sistem inormasi akuntansiuntu memenuhi kebutuhan

penggunaan Merekam data ekonomi mengenai

kegiatan usaha

Menyiapkan laporan akuntansi bagipengguna.

LO 1

*'e +ole of Accounting in Business

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

#anagerial Accounting

A$untansi yang menyedia$aninformasi $epada pengguna internaldisebut managerial accounting or 

management accounting.

LO 1

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

-inancial Accounting

A$untansi yang menyedia$an informasibagi pengguna e$sternal disebut,nancial accounting.

*u!uan dari a$untansi $eungan adala'untu$ menyedia$an informasi yangrelevan dan tepat a$tu untu$$ebutu'an pengambil $eputusan dari

pengguna di luar perusa'aan. Laporan $euangan untu$ tu!uan umum

adala' sala' satu !enis laporana$untansi $euangan yang

didistribusi$an $epada penggunae$sternal.

LO 1

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

+ole of Et'ics in Accounting and Business

*u!uan dari a$untansi adala' untu$menyedia$an informasi yang relevan%tepat a$tu untu$ pengambilan

$eputusan. A$untansi 'arus berperila$u secara

etis se'ingga informasi yangdiberi$an $epada pengguna dapat

dipercaya dan dengan demi$ianberguna untu$ pengambilan$eputusan.

Eti$a adala' prinsip/prinsip moralan memandu erila$u individu.

LO 1

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

pportunities for Accountants

A$untan yang memberi$an !asauntu$ mendapat$an imbalan atau'onor disebut a$untan public atau

public accountant. A$untan yang be$er!a di perusa'aan

atau organisasi nirlaba di$ata$ansebagai a$untan sasta atau private

accounting. A$untan publi$ yang tela' memen'i

standar pendidi$an% pengalaman% danpersyaratan u!ian dapat men!adiCerti,ed Public Accountants (CPAs).

LO 1

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

Learning b!ective 0

". #enggambar$an sifat bisnis% perana$untansi% dan eti$a dalam bisnis.

0. #ering$as pengembangan prinsip/

prinsip a$untansi yang ber'ubungandengan pra$ti$ a$untansi

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

1enerally Accepted Accounting Principles

A$untan 2euangan mengi$uti prinsipyang di$enal sebagai PrinsipA$unansi Berterima Umum (PABU)

atau generally accepted accountingprinciples (1AAP) dalam penya!ianlaporan.

-inancial Accounting 3tandards

Board (-A3B) memili$i tanggung !aab utama untu$ mngembang$anprinsip/prinsip a$unansi.

LO 2

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

Business Entity Concept

Business entity concept% adala'asumsi dasar a$untansi $euangandimana $egiatan bisnis dicatat

secara terpisa' dari $egiatanpemili$% $reditor% atau bisnis lainnya.

LO 2

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

Proprietors'ip

Proprietors'ip dimili$i ole'satu individu.

Kebanyakan entitasusaha di Indonesiaadalah perusahaanperorangan.

Biaya pengelolaanrendah.

Sumber daya

terbatas yg dimilikipemilik

Diterapkan olehusaha kecil

LO 2

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

Partners'ip

partners'ip (Perse$utuan)mirip dengan

proprietors'ip%tapi dimili$i ole'dua orang ataulebi'

Di Indonesia dikenalusaha dlm bentukFirma dan C.

Menggabungkankemampuan dansumber daya lebihdari satu orang.

LO 2

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

Corporation

Corporation  diaturdalam peraturanperundangansebagai entitas

'u$um terpisa'yang di$ena$anpa!a$.

Kepemilikinberdasarkan !um"lahsaham #sero$ yg d!ualke pemegang saham

Dapag memperolehsumber dana dalam

 !umlah besar dg cara

mengeluarkan saham Diterapkan oleh

usaha berskala besar.

LO 2

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

Limited Liability Company (LLC)

Limited liabilitycompany (LLC) merupa$an

gabunganantara atributperse$utuan danperseroan

Sering digunakansebagai alterati%euntuk kemitraan

Memiliki Ke&a!ibanpa!ak

LO 2

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

Accounting Concept

Berdasaran $onsep biaya(cost concept)% !umla' yang dicatatdalam catatan a$untansi didasar$an

pada biaya atau 'arga perole'an

LO 2

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

Accounting Concepts

2onsep ob!ectivity meng'arus$an !umla' tercatat dalam catatana$untansi 'arus didasar$an pada

bu$ti yg ob!e$tif. 4anya nilai a$'ir yang disepa$ati yg

di$ata$an ob!e$tif untu$ $eperluana$untansi.

LO 2

Unit of measure concept meng'arus$an data e$onomi dicatatdalam rupia'

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

Learning b!ective 5

". Describe t'e nature of a business%t'e role of accounting% and et'ics inbusiness.

0. 3ummari6e t'e development ofaccounting principles and relatet'em to practice.

5. 3tate t'e accounting e7uation andde,ne eac' element of t'e e7uation.

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

*'e Accounting E7uation

3umber daya yang dimili$iperusa'aan adala' assets.

4a$ $reditor adala' utang usa'a dan

disebut 2ea!iban atau liabilities. 4a$/'a$ pemili$ disebut e$uitas

pemili$ atau oner8s e7uity.

Persamaan Assets 9 Liabilities ner8s E7uity disebut accountinge7uation.

LO 3

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

The resources

owned by a

business

 Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s !uit"

*'e Accounting E7uation

LO 3

The rights of

creditors are

the debts of

the business

The rights of

the owners

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

Learning b!ective ;

". Describe t'e nature of a business%t'e role of accounting% and et'ics inbusiness.

0. 3ummari6e t'e development ofaccounting principles and relatet'em to practice.

5. 3tate t'e accounting e7uation andde,ne eac' element of t'e e7uation.

;. Describe and illustrate 'o businesstransactions can be recorded in

terms of t'e resulting c'ange in t'e

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

Business *ransaction

A business transaction adala'$e!adian e$onomi atau $ondisi yangsecara langsung menguba' $ondisi

$euangan suatu entitas atau 'asiloperasi.

LO 4

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

Pada tanggal 1 November 2011, Chris Clark

mendepositokan uangnya $25,000 pada bank

atas nama NetSolutions.

*ransaction A

LO 4

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

Pada tgl 5 November 2011, NetSolutions

membayar $20,000 untuk pembelian tanah

untuk dibangun di masa yang akan datang.

LO 4

*ransaction B

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

Pada 10 November 2011, NetSolutions membeli

supplies sebesar $1,50 dan setu!u untuk

membayar pemasok dlm "aktu dekat.

LO 4

*ransaction C

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

*ransaction C

2ea!iban yang dicipta$an ole'pembelian pada per$iraan disebutaccount payable.

Barang/barang seperti perleng$apanyang a$an diguna$an dalam bisnismasa depan disebut biaya dibayar dimu$a% yang merupa$an $elompo$

asset.

LO 4

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

*ransaction D

LO 4

&ada 'ove"ber 1(, 2011, 'et$olutions "eneri"a cash

sebesar )*,+00 atas asa yang diberi-an -epada

pelanggan. u"lah ini disebut pendapatan atau

revenue.

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

Pendapatan dari penyediaan !asadicatat sebagai pendapatan yangditerima atau fees earned.

Pendapatan dari pen!ualan barangdagangan dicatat sebagai sales.

Conto' lain dari pendapatan termasu$sea (rent revenue)% dan bunga% yg

dicatat sebagai interest revenue. Account receivable adala' $laim

ter'adap pelanggan atas !asa ataubarang yg di!ual $epadanya. A<+

merupa$an asset.

*ransaction D

LO 4

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LO 4

*ransaction E

Selama sebulan, NetSolutions menghabiskan

uang tunai atau digunakan untuk membeli asset

lainnya. #set yang digunakan dalam proses

seperti ini disebut epenses.

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per"itted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password#protected website !or classroo" use.

Pada 0 November 2011, NetSolutions

membayar biaya upah tenaga ker!a, $2,125%

se"a, $&00% utilities, $'50% dan lain2nya, $2(5.

*ransaction E

LO 4

O 4

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Pada 0 November 2011, NetSolutions

membayar kepada kreditor atas utang sebesar

$)50.

*ransaction -

LO 4

LO 4

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Pada 0 November 2011, Chris Clark

menetapkan bah"a biaya persediaan di tangan

 pada akhir periode adalah $550.

*ransaction 1

LO 4

LO 4

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Pada 0 November 2011, Chris Clark menarik

dana dari NetSolutions untuk tu!uan peribadi.

*ransaction 4

LO 4

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Learning b!ective =

". Describe t'e nature of a business% t'e roleof accounting% and et'ics in business.

0. 3ummari6e t'e development of accountingprinciples and relate t'em to practice.

5. 3tate t'e accounting e7uation and de,neeac' element of t'e e7uation.

;. Describe and illustrate 'o businesstransactions can be recorded in terms of

t'e resulting c'ange in t'e elements of t'eaccounting e7uation.

=. Describe t'e ,nancial statements of aproprietors'ip and e>plain 'o t'ey

interrelate.

LO 5

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-inancial 3tatements

LO 5

3etela' transa$si dicatat dandiring$as% laporan a$an disiap$anuntu$ pengguna. Laporan a$untansi

yg memberi$an informasi ini disebutlaporan $euangan.

LO 5

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Income 3tatement

income statement melapor$an pendapatandan biaya pada suatu periode tertentu%berdasar$an matc'ing concept.

2onsep yang coco$ diterap$an selama

periode yang sama dengan pendapatan. 2elebi'an pendapatan atas biaya disebut

laba bersi'.

 ?i$a biaya melebi'i pendapatan%

$elebi'annya adala rugi bersi'. 2onsep penandinan dila$u$an dengan

membandign$an beban yang ter!adi selamaperiode dimana revenue diperole'.

LO 5

LO 5

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3tatement of ner8s E7uity and t'e Balance3'eet

3tatement of oner8s e7uity melapor$an peruba'an e$uitaspemili$ untu$ !ang$a a$tu tertentu.

Laporan ini disiap$an setela'penyusunan laporan laba rugi%$arena laba bersi' atau rugi bersi'untu$ periode ybs 'arus dilapor$an.

LO 5

A balance s'eet merupa$an daftar yg'arus dilapor$an ta'un ini.

LO 5

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3tatement of Cas' -los

3tatement of cas' @os merupa$anring$asan dari $as yang diterima danyg dibayar$an untu$ periode

tertentu. 'iga bagian dlm Statement o Cash

Flo&(

#)$ akti%itas operasi

#*$ akti%itas in%estasi

#+$ akti%itas pembiayaan

LO 5

LO 5

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Cas' -los

Cas' @os from operating activities merupa$an laporan yg terdiri atas laporanpembayaran $as operasi dan penerimaan $as.

LO 5

Cas' @os from investing activities mrp$transa$si $as untu$ a$uisisi dan pen!ualanasset yg relatif permanen.

Cas' @os from ,nancing activities mrp$

bagian yg melapor$an transa$si $as ygber'ubungan dg investasi ole' pemili$%pin!aman% dan penari$an dana ole' pemili$.

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Learning b!ective

". Describe t'e nature of a business% t'e roleof accounting% and et'ics in business.

0. 3ummari6e t'e development of accountingprinciples and relate t'em to practice.

5. 3tate t'e accounting e7uation and de,neeac' element of t'e e7uation.

;. Describe and illustrate 'o businesstransactions can be recorded in terms oft'e resulting c'ange in t'e elements of t'e

accounting e7uation.=. Describe t'e ,nancial statements of a

proprietors'ip and e>plain 'o t'eyinterrelate.

. Describe and illustrate t'e use of t'e ratioof liabilities to oner8s e7uity in

LO 6

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+atio of Liabilities to ner8s E7uity

LO 6

Ratio of Liabilitiesto Owner’s Equity

=Total Liabilities

Total Owner’s Equity (or TotalStoc!ol"ers’ Equity#

Ratio of Liabilitiesto Owner’s Equity

=$4%%

$26&%5%'  %%15

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Prepared by: C. DouglasCloudProfessor Emeritus ofAccountingPepperdine University

$tudent %ersion

Introduction to Accounting andBusiness

/he nd/he nd