ch 111 chapter 11 advanced batch files. ch 112 overview this chapter focuses on batch file commands...
TRANSCRIPT
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Ch 11 1
Chapter 11Chapter 11
Advanced Batch Files
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Ch 11 2
OverviewOverviewThis chapter focuses on batch file commands that allow you to: write sophisticated batch
files further refine your technique in working with the environment
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Ch 11 3
Batch File Batch File CommandsCommands
Batch files must … have the file extension .BAT be an ASCII text file include legitimate commands
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Ch 11 4
Batch File Batch File CommandsCommands
Any command used at the command line can be used
in a batch file.
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Ch 11 5
Batch File Batch File CommandsCommands
Batch files have … a limited vocabulary (commands) a syntax programming logic
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Ch 11 6
A Review of the A Review of the REMREM, , PAUSEPAUSE, and , and ECHOECHO
CommandsCommands
REM command (remarks)…statements keyed in by user that tell what is the purpose of the batch
file.
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Ch 11 7
A Review of the A Review of the REMREM, , PAUSEPAUSE, and , and ECHOECHO
CommandCommand
PAUSE command …instructs the batch file
to stop executing until the user takes some action.
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Ch 11 8
A Review of the A Review of the REMREM, , PAUSEPAUSE, and the , and the ECHOECHO
CommandCommand
Two ways to interrupt a batch file during execution:
Press <Ctrl> + C Press <Ctrl> + <Break>
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Ch 11 9
A Review of the A Review of the REMREM, , PAUSEPAUSE, and the , and the ECHOECHO
CommandCommand
ECHO command …displays a command
and the output of thatcommand to the screen.
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Ch 11 10
A Review of the A Review of the REMREM, , PAUSEPAUSE, and the , and the ECHOECHO
CommandCommand
When ECHO is ON: all commands in a batch file are displayed on the screen.
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Ch 11 11
A Review of the A Review of the REMREM, , PAUSEPAUSE, and the , and the ECHOECHO
CommandCommand
When ECHO is OFF … can see the output of the command, but not the command itself.
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Ch 11 12
Advanced Features Advanced Features of of ECHOECHO and and REMREM
To save valuable processing time, use a double colon (::)
instead of the REM command.
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Ch 11 13
Advanced Features Advanced Features of ECHO and REMof ECHO and REM
To delete the display of even the message “1 file(s)
copied”, use the device NUL.
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Ch 11 14
Advanced Features Advanced Features of ECHO and REMof ECHO and REM
Using NUL will not suppress a message such
as “file not found”.
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Ch 11 15
Advanced Features Advanced Features of ECHO and REMof ECHO and REM
To suppress all messages use the command CTTY
NUL.
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Ch 11 16
Advanced Features Advanced Features of ECHO and REMof ECHO and REM
When CTTY NUL is used, must follow with CTTY
CON in order to have control of the console.
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Ch 11 17
Advanced Features Advanced Features of ECHO and REMof ECHO and REM
There is no such thing as a blank line in batch files.
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Ch 11 18
Advanced Features Advanced Features of ECHO and REMof ECHO and REM
To insert a blank line, key in ECHO followed by a
period (ECHO.)
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Ch 11 19
Activity:Activity: Using ::,Using ::,ECHOECHO, , CTTYCTTY, and, and
NULNUL
. . .
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Ch 11 20
The GOTO The GOTO CommandCommand
GOTO command … will branch to a new line, creating a loop works in conjunction with a label
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Ch 11 21
The GOTO The GOTO CommandCommand
A loop will repeat steps until it is stopped by …
using an IF statement breaking into the batch file with <Ctrl> + C
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Ch 11 22
The GOTO The GOTO CommandCommand
A label … is preceded by a colon (:) can be no longer than 8 characters is not a command
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Ch 11 23
The GOTO The GOTO CommandCommand
GOTO has one parameter … GOTO label
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Ch 11 24
Activity:Activity: Using theUsing theGOTO CommandGOTO Command
. . .
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Ch 11 25
The SHIFT The SHIFT CommandCommand
The SHIFT command allows for an unlimited
number of parameters on the command line.
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Ch 11 26
The SHIFT The SHIFT CommandCommand
SHIFT command …changes the position of the replaceable
parameterin a batch file.
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Ch 11 27
Activity:Activity: Using theUsing theSHIFT CommandSHIFT Command
. . .
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Ch 11 28
The IF CommandThe IF Command
IF command …allows for conditional
processing.
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Ch 11 29
The IF CommandThe IF Command
Conditional processing …compares two items to determine if they areidentical, or if one isgreater than the other.
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Ch 11 30
The IF CommandThe IF Command
The result of comparison testing is either a True or
False value.
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Ch 11 31
The IF CommandThe IF Command
True = items are identical
False = items are not identical
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Ch 11 32
The IF CommandThe IF Command
Syntax of IF command:
IF <condition> <command>
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Ch 11 33
The IF CommandThe IF Command
If a condition is True, the command will be executed.
If a condition is False, the command will not be executed.
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Ch 11 34
The IF CommandThe IF Command
The IF command checks for three conditions.
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Ch 11 35
IF Command IF Command Using StringsUsing Strings
To test whether or not one character string is exactly the same as another, use
the IF command.
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Ch 11 36
IF Command IF Command Using StringsUsing Strings
The strings to be compared are separated by two
equal signs (= =).
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Ch 11 37
Activity:Activity: Using theUsing theIF Command withIF Command with
StringsStrings
. . .
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Ch 11 38
Testing for NULL Testing for NULL ValuesValues
In a batch file it is sometimes possible to be caught in an endless loop.
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Ch 11 39
Testing for NULL Testing for NULL ValuesValues
A value equal to “nothing” must be placed in a batch file to indicate when to
end.
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Ch 11 40
Testing for NULL Testing for NULL ValuesValues
NULL values …a user-defined value
equivalent to nothing (no data).
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Ch 11 41
Testing for NULL Testing for NULL ValuesValues
Testing for a null value involves using the IF
command with quotation marks.
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Ch 11 42
Testing for NULL Testing for NULL ValuesValues
Use quotation marks to test for null value:
IF “%1” = = GOTO LABEL
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Ch 11 43
Testing for NULL Testing for NULL ValuesValues
“If nothing is there, GOTO somewhere else”
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Ch 11 44
Activity:Activity: UsingUsingNull ValuesNull Values
. . .
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Ch 11 45
The IF EXIST/IF NOT The IF EXIST/IF NOT EXIST CommandEXIST Command
IF EXIST/IF NOT EXIST command:
checks for the existence or non-existence of a
file.
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Ch 11 46
Activity:Activity: Using IFUsing IFEXIST to Test for aEXIST to Test for a
FileFile
. . .
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Ch 11 47
The IF ERRORLEVEL The IF ERRORLEVEL Command TestingCommand Testing
Exit code …a code set by a program
that indicates a True or False condition when
the program finishesexecuting.
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Ch 11 48
The IF ERRORLEVEL The IF ERRORLEVEL Command TestingCommand Testing
IF ERRORLEVEL command…a statement in a batch
file that can test exit codes.
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Ch 11 49
The IF ERRORLEVEL The IF ERRORLEVEL Command TestingCommand Testing
An exit code is tested with ERRORLEVEL to
determine if it is greater than or equal to it.
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Ch 11 50
Activity:Activity: Using Using IFIFERRORLEVELERRORLEVEL with with
XCOPYXCOPY
. . .
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Ch 11 51
Writing Programs to Writing Programs to Test for Key CodesTest for Key Codes
Exit codes can be … set by an operating system program created by writing a small program
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Ch 11 52
Writing Programs to Writing Programs to Test for Key CodesTest for Key Codes
To write a program a user can …
use a programming language
use an OS utility called DEBUG
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Ch 11 53
Writing Programs to Writing Programs to Test for Key CodesTest for Key Codes
Easiest way to use DEBUG is to create a script file.
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Ch 11 54
Writing Programs to Writing Programs to Test for Key CodesTest for Key Codes
Script file …a set of instructions that
can be written in any text
editor.
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Ch 11 55
Activity:Activity: Writing aWriting aScript FileScript File
. . .
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Ch 11 56
The CHOICE The CHOICE CommandCommand
CHOICE command …
prompts the user to make a choice.
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Ch 11 57
The CHOICE The CHOICE CommandCommand
Syntax for CHOICE command:
CHOICE [/C[:]choices] [/N] [/S][/T[:]c,nn] [text]
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Ch 11 58
Activity:Activity: UsingUsingCHOICECHOICE
. . .
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Ch 11 59
The EnvironmentThe Environment
The environment … is an area that the OS sets aside in memory holds important info. that the OS needs to know
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Ch 11 60
The EnvironmentThe Environment
Application programs can … read any items in the environment post their own messages there
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Ch 11 61
The EnvironmentThe EnvironmentA user can leave a message there through …
the AUTOEXEC.BAT file other batch files the command line
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Ch 11 62
The EnvironmentThe Environment
To leave a message, use the SET command.
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Ch 11 63
The EnvironmentThe Environment
Syntax for SET command …
SET [ variable = [string] ]
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Ch 11 64
Activity:Activity: Using SETUsing SETand the Environmentand the Environment
in Batch Filesin Batch Files
. . .
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Ch 11 65
The DIRCMD The DIRCMD Environmental Environmental
VariableVariable
The DIRCMD command variable allows the user to preset, or change the way DIR displays information.
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Ch 11 66
Activity:Activity: UsingUsingDIRCMDDIRCMD
. . .
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Ch 11 67
The FOR..IN..DO The FOR..IN..DO CommandCommand
The FOR..IN..DO command can be …
issued at the command line placed in a batch file
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Ch 11 68
The FOR..IN..DO The FOR..IN..DO CommandCommand
FOR allows the use of a single command to issue
several commands at once.
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The FOR..IN..DO The FOR..IN..DO CommandCommand
Syntax for the FOR..IN..DO command at the command line:
FOR %variable IN (set) DOcommand [command-parameters]
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The FOR..IN..DO The FOR..IN..DO CommandCommand
Syntax for the FOR..IN..DO command in a batch program:
FOR %%variable IN (set) DOcommand [command-parameters]
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Activity:Activity: Using theUsing theFOR..IN..DOFOR..IN..DO
CommandCommand
. . .
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The CALL The CALL CommandCommand
CALL command …calls (executes) one batch program from anotherwithout causing firstbatch program to stop.
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Activity:Activity: UsingUsingCALLCALL
. . .