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BLOOD

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Blood transports

substances andmaintains

homeostasis in the

body

Hematophobia

= fear of blood

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Blood and Blood CellsBlood is a type of CONNECTIVE TISSUE

It has two basic components:

CELLS (rbc, wbc, platelets) = 45%

Plasma (water, proteins, amino acids..etc) = 55%

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Hematocrit - volume of blood cells in a

sample, should be 45%. The remaining fluid

is plasma (55%). To determine the

percentages, blood is placed in a centrifuge

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Three Types of Blood Cells

red blood cells (erythrocytes)

white blood cells (leukocytes)platelets (thrombocytes)

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Biconcave discs

5 million per

cubic millimeter

Lack nuclei

HEMATOPOEISIS formation of

blood cells (bone marrow)

Liver & Spleen - phagocytosis

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kcPi6XykSKg

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Main Functions of RBCs

Transports oxygen, picks up

carbon dioxide

HEMOGLOBIN - molecule that

combines with O2IRON is critical to synthesize

hemoglobin

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Oxygen Levels

Oxyhemoglobin =

plenty of oxygen; bright red

Deoxyhemoglobin =

low in O2, bluish red

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It is a myth that deoxygenated blood appears blue.

The blood on the left is oxygenated, the right isdeoxygenated blood (from a vein)

Source: Wikipedia Commons

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NIK_3232-Drops_of_blood_medium.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NIK_3232-Drops_of_blood_medium.JPG

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Elements Critical to RBC Production

Folic Acid

Vitamin B12

Iron

Too few RBC = anemia

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WHITE BLOOD CELLS

(Leukocytes)General function is to protect the body

against disease

There are FIVE different kinds of WBCsGranulocytes (granular cytoplasm)

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

Agranulocytes (lacking granular cytoplasm)

Monocytes, Lymphocytes

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Neutrophil

(nucleus has several lobes)

Active phagocytes

60% of WBC

Present in the pus of

wounds

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Basophil Produces

Heparin andHistamines

Important in

Inflammatory

Reaction

1% WBC

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Eosinophil

Mainly

attack

parasites

2% WBC

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Monocyte

(larger cell, horseshoe shaped nucleus)

Become

macro-

phages

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Lymphocyte

(nucleus is dark and takes up almost

whole cell; almost no cytoplasm seen)

Defense

against

invaders

Yield

Antibodies

30% WBC

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrYlZJiuf18

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Left: Lymphoctye | Right: Neutrophil

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8FoMcWzZPw

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Platelets (thrombocytes)

Blood clots and vessel

repair

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Plasma Proteins

Albumins blood pressure

Globulins (alpha, beta, gamma) transport

lipids and antibodies for immunity

Fibrinogen important for blood clotting

MAJOR EVENT IN BLOOD CLOTTING =

Fibrinogen converted to FIBRIN

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PLASMA

The liquid portion ofblood is 92% water

Also containsnutrients, gases,vitamins (etc) andplasma proteins

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This machine removes the plasma from the

blood and returns the RBCs to the donor.

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HEMOSTASIS

The process of stopping bleeding

Involves the coagulation and clotting of the

blood to seal the site of damage

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1. Blood Vessel Spasm

Seratonin = vasoconstrictor

2. Platelet plug formation

3. Blood coagulation

conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

*thrombin is an enzyme that

causes the conversion

THREE EVENTS IN HEMOSTASIS

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Hemostasis

Blood Clot Formation Animated(Video)

2D animation Medivisual

COAGULATION the thickening of blood to

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjjEiVeYRNg&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjjEiVeYRNg&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFNWGCx_Eu4&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--bZUeb83uUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--bZUeb83uU

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COAGULATION - the thickening of blood toform a clot (hematoma)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--bZUeb83uUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--bZUeb83uUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--bZUeb83uUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--bZUeb83uU

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THROMBUS blood

clot (abnormal)

EMBOLUS when

the clot moves toanother place.

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What is DVT?

Video: Deep Vein Thrombosis

What is a Pulmonary Embolism?

Video: Pulmonary Embolism

http://video.about.com/quitsmoking/Pulmonary-Embolism.htmhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?src_vid=gGrDAGN5pC0&annotation_id=annotation_115462&feature=iv&v=uS1RGbW8UbQ