ch 12 gases and the kinetic-molecular theory

8/3/2019 CH 12 Gases and the Kinetic-molecular Theory

1/66

!%#

$$%%#


2/66

425,784341$4/86:/8

,3/,808

%0/038941,80882:.0889,39,94184/8476:/8

0389082 $4/ 6:/ ,8

,8240.:082:89-0;071,7,5,79.425,70/946:/8,3/84/8


3/66

42548943419092485070,3/

$42042243!7450790841,808

,8 -'4:20

7

0070

425489434177


4/66

!7088:70

!7088:708147.0507:39,70,

-3

2

,857088:70,824895045093419


5/66

!7088:70

9248507.57088:70820,8:70/:83,-,7420907

01394384189,3/,7/57088:70

.2

22

9477

,92485070

!,

/03892


6/66

408,

%0'4:20!7088:70#0,94385

'M !47

'!47!'

!' 1474308,25041,,8 !' 147,80.43/8,25041,

,8

147908,208,25041,,8

,9908,20% %:80.,3790408,

2,902,9.,,8!' !'


7/66

408,

%0'4:20!7088:70#0,94385

,25094,8,250410,8,;4:2041 2:3/07,57088:7041 9477,9;4:204:/9

4..:5:3/07,57088:7041,92,9908,20%

9477

29477

!

'!'

'!'!


8/66

408,

%0'4:20!7088:70#0,94385

49.09,93408,0.,3:80,357088:7047;4:20:398,843,80.43889039:80908,20:398147-49

! ,3/! 47' ,3/'

&804:739:94394054:/0./0190;4:204:547/43,89057088:708.,30/,3/;.0;078,


9/66

,708,

%0'4:20%02507,9:70#0,94385

%0-84:90%02507,9:70$.,0

'4:20;8

%02507,9:70

,8086:01

-0147070,.3

,-84:90074


10/66

,708,

%0'4:20%02507,9:70#0,94385

%0-84:90%02507,9:70$.,0

,7088,89,9089,990;4:2041,,88/70.9574547943,94

90,-84:90902507,9:70,9.4389,3957088:70

,8,82:89:80900;38.,094-0.4770.9

#0,94385-090030;3,3/.0397,/0

4


11/66

,708,

%0'4:20%02507,9:70#0,94385

%0-84:90%02507,9:70$.,0

,902,9.,147241,708,

1472:801:2489390%

'

%

'

8406:,,708040;079

%

',3/

%

'

%'47%'47%'

M


12/66

,708,

%0'4:20%02507,9:70#0,94385

%0-84:90%02507,9:70$.,0

,2508,25041/74034..:508 2,94,3/,92,9;4:204:/94..:5,9

4:3/07908,2057088:70

%

%

2

2'

%%''

%'

%'

LL

(


13/66

$9,3/,7/%02507,9:70,3/

!7088:70

$9,3/,7/902507,9:70,3/57088:708;039082-4$%!

98,7010703.054391478420,8.,.:,9438

$9,3/,7/! ,9247!,

$9,3/,7/% 474


14/66

%042-30/,8,6:,943

408,3/,708,8.42-30/39443089,9020398.,0/90.42-30/,8,06:,943

&801:0390'%,3/!41,,8,70.,33

%

'!

%

'!

%

'!

8,,8.42-30/%0,8418,250;03,47

%

'

%

''!'!

,,708,840


15/66

%042-30/,8,6:,943

,2508,25041397403,84..:508 2,9:3/07,57088:7041 9477,9;4:204:/94..:5,9$%!

2

9477

29477

%!

%'!

'147$4;0

9477!9477!

%%

'2'


16/66

%042-30/,8,6:,943

,2508,25041209,304..:508

2,94:3/07,57088:7041,929

,9902507,9:704:/94..:5 2:3/07,57088:7041 9477

4:/494:/49


17/66

%042-30/,8,6:,943

29477

29477

'!

'!%

%

%%

9477

9477!,92!

2'2'

4


18/66

;4,/748,,3/90

$9,3/,7/4,7'4:20

;4,/748,89,9089,9,9908,20902507,9:70,3/57088:7006:,;4:2084194,808.439,3908,203:2-0741240.:0847240841,8

1080990902507,9:70,3/57088:70147,3,894-0$%!903430240419,9,8,8,;4:20.,0/9089,3/,7/24,7;4:2089,3/,7/24,7;4:20

%089,3/,7/24,7;4:208,9$%! %88,34907,9420,8:702408

47,80890;4:208574547943,94903:2-07412408

41,,8,9$%!240 2408


19/66

;4,/748,,3/90

$9,3/,7/4,7'4:20

,2503024041,,84..:508,3/98/03898,9,;03902507,9:70,3/57088:70,

,989824,72,88-,9898/0389,9$%!

24

24

24 L

24

24

$%!

L


20/66

$:22,741,8,8

%0/0,,8,

408, 'M !,9.4389,39%3

,708, 'M %,9.4389,39!3

;4,/748, 'M 3,9.4389,39%!

42-3090809700,839443089,902039'M 3%!

43;07990574547943,9394,306:,9

'3#%!

%8574;/0890/0,,8,

!'3#%

#8,574547943,9.4389,39.,0/90:3;078,,8.4389,39


21/66

$:22,741,8,8

%0/0,,8,

02:89/090723090;,:041#

#0.4309,914743024041,,8,9,92,3/$%!90;4:208

&809080;,:08390/0,,8,

# !'

3%

,92

24

,92

24


22/66

$:22,741,8,8

%0/0,,8,

#,84907;,:08190:398,70.,30/

#24 &8098;,:0390724/3,2.8

#28 24 &8098,907398.,5907147,8;04.908

#/2 !,24

%88#3,2097.:398 #.,24

%890;,:041#3.,47087,9079,3


23/66

$:22,741,8,8

%0/0,,8,

,250,9;4:204:/4109,304..:5,94:3/07,57088:7041

9477 %4:8090/0,,8,.4770.998;07

25479,399,9,414:7;,:08-0390.4770.9:398

%

!9477,929477,92

2424


24/66

$:22,741,8,8

%0/0,,8,

,92

24

,9224

!

%#3'


25/66

$:22,741,8,8

%0/0,,8,

,250,.:,90903:2-074124083,3/902,88

41,38,25041209,3020,8:70/,989,3/,7/.43/9438

4:/494:/49


26/66

$:22,741,8,8

%0/0,,8,

3

!'

#%

,92

,92

24

24

24

24

L


27/66

$:22,741,8,8

%0/0,,8,

,250,.:,909057088:7000790/-4109,303,.439,307,94

4:/494:/49

,92!

24

,9224

!

'

%#3!

%,3/243


28/66

090723,9434140.:,7098,3/

40.:,7472:,841,804:8$:-89,3.08

,250.4254:3/9,9.439,3843.,7-43,3//74038.,7-43,3//7403-2,889$%!24190,8,8,2,8841,9890240.:,797:01472:,14790.4254:3/

41.4254:3/.439,3841,3/41


29/66

090723,9434140.:,7098,3/

40.:,7472:,841,804:8$:-89,3.08

2,88981472:,0257.,90

7,943:2-074082,089900907230

24

24,942824

24

24,942824

(

L

L


30/66

090723,9434140.:,7098,3/

40.:,7472:,841,804:8$:-89,3.08

/4:-0/1472:,0257.,90

81472:,240.:,790%:8

2,880257.,

2,88,.9:,

24

24

3

2408413:2-07-90/;/0/2,88

9082,8824,790#0202-07


31/66

090723,9434140.:,7098,3/

40.:,7472:,841,804:8$:-89,3.08

,2508,25041,.4254:3/9,9.439,3843.,7-43

,3//7403.439,3841.,7-43,3/41/74039$%!24190,8,8,2,88417,2,9898240.:,7

1472:,4:/494:/49


32/66

090723,9434140.:,7098,3/

40.:,7472:,841,804:8$:-89,3.08

2424

,92

,92

#%

!'

3

2,889

24

24,942824

24

24,942824

(

L

L


33/66

090723,9434140.:,7098,3/

40.:,7472:,841,804:8$:-89,3.08

2424

24

(


34/66

,9438,41!,79,!7088:708

,9438,89,9089,99057088:7000790/-,29:7041

,8088908:241905,79,57088:70841903/;/:,,808

!949, ! ! !


35/66

,9438,41!,79,!7088:708

,2501 241/740320,8:70/,94,3/,9257088:70,3/ 241

40320,8:70/,94

,3/,9257088:70070147.0/3944304190.439,3078,94,94:/-09057088:70419029:7041,808

! ! !

,92 ,92

,92

%49,


36/66

,9438,41!,79,!7088:708

',547!7088:7089057088:7000790/-,8:-89,3.08;,5474;07

908:-89,3.086:/,906:-7:2


37/66

,9438,41!,79,!7088:708

,2508,25041/7403,8.40.90/-/85,.0203941,907,94%0,9248507.57088:70,8

9477,957088:704:/90/7/740300793908,20.439,307

! ! ! ! ! !

! 9477 9477

! 17429,-0

%49, %49,

(


38/66

,9438,41!,79,!7088:708

,2508,25041403,8.40.90/-/85,.0203941

,907%04034..:50/

2,94%0-,742097.57088:70,89477,9;4:204:/90/74034..:5,9$%!

4:/494:/49


39/66

,9438,41!,79,!7088:708

' 2'

% %

! 9477! 9477

' 2

9477

94772$%!

L L


40/66

,88'4:20#0,943858

3#0,.94383;4;3,808

24 0/824,3/240/8,3/

%480240841 .,3,84-094:941,8

47

83

8 PPP FP

W39880.9430,70443,970,.943894.4209703,5907

:893.:/3,808390.,.:,9438


41/66

,88'4:20#0,9438583

#0,.94383;4;3,808

,250,9;4:204140320,8:70/,9$%!.,3-0574/:.0/-

909072,/0.4254894341

41

4:/494:/49


42/66

,88'4:20#0,9438583

#0,.94383;4;3,808

$%!$%!

$%!

$%!

24

24

24

24

LLL


43/66

%0309.40.:,7%047

%0-,8.,88:25943841309.240.:,79047,70

!489:,90

,808.4388941/8.7090240.:089,9,7070,9;01,7,5,79

,808,;0103907240.:,7,997,.9438

%0;4:20413/;/:,240.:088;0782,.425,70/9490,88;4:20

!7441 ,808,700,8.4257088-0


44/66

%0309.40.:,7%047

!489:,90

,8240.:08,703.4389,397,3/42897,930249439;,73;04.908

!7441 743,324943/85,8240.:,724943


45/66

%0309.40.:,7%047

!489:,90

,8240.:08,;00,89..48438990280;08,3/90.439,307

%49,03078.43807;0//:73,.4843

!7441 80,0/.43130/,8

0-983457088:70/7454;07920


46/66

%0309.40.:,7%047

!489:,90

%0309.03074190240.:088574547943,9490,-84:90902507,9:70

%0,;07,0309.03070841240.:0841/1107039,808,7006:,,9,;03902507,9:70

!7441 743,3249433.70,808,8

902507,9:703.70,808


47/66

%0309.40.:,7%047

W %0309.03074190240.:088574547943,9490,-84:90902507,9:70%0309.03074190240.:088574547943,9490,-84:90902507,9:70W 85,0/3,,0,3/897-:943


48/66

%0309.40.:,7%047

%0,8,89,90,;0440/,90,707398.,5907,705744189,9309.240.:,79047890-,8841,804:8-0,;47

408, !

M

' 890'3.70,80890240.:,7.484389

.439,307,8/0.70,80,3/90!/0.70,808 ,9438,

!949, ! ! ! 0.,:80,808,;0103907240.:,7,997,.9438

90757088:708,703/0503/039414907,808390.439,307 ,708,

'M % 33.70,803902507,9:707,80890240.:,7

;04.9089:890'3.70,8089400590!

.4389,39


49/66

%0309.40.:,7%047

:#%

728

2

%0744920,386:,70;04.941,8088,;07.480,55742,9439490,;07,0,8;04.9

,.:,9390744920,386:,70;04.988250

%4.,.:,9098.4770.9

%0;,:041#28 24

3/2:89-0324


50/66

%0309.40.:,7%047

,250,9890744920,386:,70;04.941 240.:08,97442%4

:

2

80. 24

24

2 8 2 7

728


51/66

%0309.40.:,7%047

,250,9890744920,386:,70;04.9410,9428

,97442%

4

4:/494:/49


52/66

%0309.40.:,7%047

:

2

80. 24

242 8 2 7

728

,34:9341,58.,89:,9439,9574;080240.:08,;0,;04.99,9

8842:.70,9079,3 240.:08 ,9,55038944:7;4.0034:

-70,900


53/66

11:843,3/11:84341,808

11:843890390723341,808

11:84389008.,5041,808

974:93408


54/66

11:843,3/11:84341,808

%07,9041011:84383;0780574547943,949086:,70744984190240.:,709847/038908

#

#

47

#

#


55/66

11:843,3/11:84341,808

,250,.:,90907,9441907,9041011:843410949,9418:1:7/4/0$,9908,20902507,9:70,3/

57088:70

#

#

24

24

# #

0

$

$

0

0 $

(


56/66

11:843,3/11:84341,808

,2508,25041/7403,814:3/94011:80974:,53409208,87,5/,8908,20;4:2041:3343,8,9908,20902507,9:70,3/57088:70,9890

240.:,7094190:3343,84:/494:/49

2424

24

24

#

#

:3

:3

:3

:3

:3


57/66

#0,,808

0;,94381742/0,9

#0,,808-0,;0/0,,947/3,7902507,9:708,3/57088:708

94902507,9:708,3/57088:708

70,,808/4349-0,;0/0,

%070,843814790/0;,94381742/0,9,70

%0240.:08,70;07.48094430,34907

9:8907;4:20825479,39 %0240.:,73907,.9438,84-0.420

25479,39


58/66

#0,,808

0;,94381742/0,9

;,3/07,,806:,943,..4:39814790-0,;474170,,808,94902507,9:708,3/57088:708

! 3 ,' ' 3- 3#%

W %0;,3/07,,8.4389,398,,3/-9,0394,..4:3994938 ,,..4:3981473907240.:,7,997,.943 -,..4:398147;4:2041,8240.:08

W 9,70;4:208,,3/-,7070,9;082,,3/;,3/07,,806:,94370/:.0894/0,,8,,9902507,9:708,3/4

57088:708


59/66

#0,,808

0;,94381742/0,9

,9,70903907240.:,7147.083,8089,9.,:8090294/0;,901742/0,9

4734354,7,80890,997,.9;0147.08,7043/4347.08

4754,7,80890,997,.9;0147.08

,70/540/540,997,.943847/7403-43/8


60/66

#0,,808

0;,94381742/0,9

,250,.:,909057088:7000790/-41,2243,3,.439,307,94:8390/0,

,8, 4:/494:/49

,92!

24

,9224

'

3#%!

24

243

L


61/66

#0,,808

0;,94381742/0,9

,250$4;0,250:8390;,3/07,,806:,943

'

,3

3-'

3#%!

3#%3-'

'

,3!

24-

24

,92,243

(


62/66

#0,,808

0;,94381742/0,9

/0,1742/110703.0,8.,92!

,92,92,92

,92!

24

24

24!

24

,92

24

24

,92


63/66

$39088":08943

%009,/480147/74038:1/085523490747/813243240.:0841,79070,708

/74038:1/0240.:089039,9,74:/-0/0,/94-70,9042,3/74038:1/0240.:084:/-0706:70/94

70,.9009,/4803,74429,981009431009/0,3/10099,,9,92,3/4


64/66

$39088":08943

.2

.2

.2.2.2.2'

.23

.2

19

319

.23

.2

19

3

19

.23

.2

19

319

L

L

LLL


65/66

$39088":08943

$41240.:08,741240.:08

$41240.:0,741240.:08/48009,

,741240.:0824

240.:0824

,74124

,92

#%

!'3

%

.2

.2

24,92

L

L

L

L

L

L

L


66/66

74:5":08943

%70843,.,7,7095.,10/94,57088:704158,997083.0837,/:8,3/3.0839.3088%0009,990970824:390/4383.0837,/:8,98902,884190

,7390970

ch 12 gases and the kinetic-molecular theory

Documents