Chapter Objectives

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• Identify the role that women played in the war.

• Compare how the war affected the economies of the North and the South.

Section 4: Life During the Civil War

Why It MattersThe Civil War–a war in which Americans fought other Americans–transformed the United States. It shattered the economy of the South while contributing to the rapid economic growth of the North and the West. African Americans gained freedom when slavery was abolished, but the war left a legacy of bitterness between North and South that lasted for generations.

The Impact Today

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Key events during this era still shape our lives today. For example:

• The institution of slavery was abolished.

• The war established the power of the federal government over the states.

Guide to Reading

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Civilians as well as soldiers had an impact on the war effort.

• habeas corpus

Main Idea

Key Terms

• draft • bounty

• greenback

• inflation

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• During the war, women took on new responsibilities, such as becoming teachers, government workers, and office or factory workers.

(pages 479–481)(pages 479–481)

Women and the War

• Some managed farms. • Many worked to help the armies by collecting

and distributing food, clothing, and medicine.

• Some made ammunition, wove blankets, and rolled bandages.

• Many also mourned the loss of the men who went to war.

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Women and the War (cont.)

(pages 479–481)(pages 479–481)

• Women who stayed home in the North did not suffer the disruption in their daily lives that the women in the South did.

• The blockade caused the South to run out of almost everything: animal feed, meat, clothing, medicine, and shelter.

• The marching armies destroyed the crops and homes of those that lay in their path.

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Women and the War (cont.)

(pages 479–481)(pages 479–481)

• Some women were spies and disguised themselves as men to become soldiers.

- Harriet Tubman spied for the North. - Rose O’Neal Greenhow spied for the South, was

caught, convicted of treason, and exiled.

- Belle Boyd was an informant for the South.

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Women and the War (cont.)

(pages 479–481)(pages 479–481)

• Thousands of women were nurses, although some men disapproved of women doing men’s work or tending to strangers.

• Women such as Dorothea Dix, Clara Barton, and Sally Tompkins became well-known for their work as military nurses.

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War and the Economy

(pages 482–483)(pages 482–483)

• The Southern economy suffered.

• It did not have industry to provide arms and ammunition and other necessities.

• Farmland was ruined by troops, and rail lines were torn up during the battles.

• The North’s blockade caused severe shortages of essential goods.

• Prices rose because of the scarcity of goods.

• Soldiers left their service to return to help their families.