ch. 16-5 small bodies in the solar system pages 500 - 505
TRANSCRIPT
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Ch. 16-5 Small Bodies in the Solar System
Pages 500 - 505
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COMETS*A comet is a small body of ice, rock, and cosmic dust loosely packed together. “Dirty Snowballs”
Nucleus -the solid center.
Dust tail - gas and dust when ice melts from the sun’s heat.
Ion tail - electrically charged particles from solar wind.
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Comet Shoemaker LevyJuly 1994
Impact with Jupiter
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Where Do Comets Come From?
*Many scientists think they come from a spherical region called the Oort cloud that surrounds the solar system. The gravity of a passing planet or star disturbs part of this cloud and comets are pulled in toward the sun.
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ASTEROIDS*Asteroids are small, rocky bodies in orbit around the sun. They can be a few meters to nearly 1000 km
in diameter.
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Where do Asteroids Come From?
* From the asteroid belt which is a wide region between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
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METEOROIDS
* A meteoroid is a small (much smaller than asteroids), rocky body orbiting the sun..
* If a meteoroid enters the earth’s atmosphere and strikes the ground it is called a meteorite.
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SHOOTING STARS(are not stars at all!)
*The bright streak of light caused by a meteoroid or comet dust burning up in the atmosphere is called a meteor.
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Composition of Meteorites
Stony meteorites are similar to the composition
of rocks you would find on Earth.
Metallic meteorites are made of mostly metals.
Stony-metallic meteorites, the third type, contain iron and stone.
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Why does the moon have so many impact craters?
*The Earth has an atmosphere which acts like a shield in which small bodies burn up before they reach the surface.
*The moon has no atmosphere to protect it. Also, there is no weathering on the moon to erase the craters.
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Impacts on Earth• Most objects that come close to Earth are small and
usually burn up in the atmosphere.
• About 65 million years ago, a meteor 10 km wide struck Earth and caused 15-20% of all species, including the dinosaurs, to become extinct.
Meteor Crater Arizona
• Most craters on the Earth are hidden by erosion, plants or the oceans.