Ch. 18.1 The Ottomans

Essential Questions Who were the Ottoman Turks? Why were they important relative to the

development of European and Asian worlds?

The Ottoman Empire

Turks move into Byzantium

From first semester, what does Byzantium sound like?

Ghazis – warriors for Islam Formed military societies under an emir

Emir – chief

Lived on the frontiers of the Byzantine Empire

Review Who were the ghazis? What was the emir?

Osman Ghazi or Othman The most successful Emir was Osman or Othman

His followers were called Ottomans

Ottoman military success was largely based on the use of gunpowder

Orkhan I Declared himself Sultan

“Overlord” or “One with Power”

Muslims served in the military Non-Muslims did not but had to pay a tax

Review What leader’s name gives itself to the Ottomans? What does sultan mean?

Tamerlane/Timur the Lame – Ottoman Enemy!

Got nickname because he was injured by an arrow in the leg

Burned the city of Bagdad and crushed the Ottoman forces

Mehmed II Conquered Constantinople in 1451

Now the Ottoman Turks controlled the waterways between Europe and Asia

Used cannonsOne was 26ft long and fired 1,200 pound

boulders!

Who is this supposed to be?

Review What did Tamerlane do? Why was Constantinople an important location?

Ottomans conquer more! Mecca and Medina Egypt Syria and Persia

Suleyman the Lawgiver The Ottoman Empire peaked under Suleyman Started to infringe upon Central Europe Created a law code to handle both Civil and

Criminal matters What is the difference between Civil and Criminal law?

Suleyman the Magnificant

Ottoman Slave System Devshirme

Under this system the Ottoman Turks captured young boys from conquered territories, converted them to Islam, trained them, then made them soldiers

Janissaries Trained them to be loyal to the Sultan; heart of the

Ottoman war machine

Decline Slowly declined due to dynastic violence

Each new Sultan would have his brother strangled and kept his sons in prison

Produced a long line of weak sultans

Ticket Out!!! What leader were the Ottoman Turks named for? What was the greatest accomplishment of the

Ottoman Turks? How did they do it? Why was Suleyman important?

Chapter 18.2

The Safavid Empire

Essential Questions Who were the Safavids? What were the patterns of cultural blending and

why were they important?

The Safavid Empire Shi’ite Muslim dynasty that ruled in Persia between

the 16th and 18th Centuries Do you remember the difference between Shi’ite and

Sunni Muslims? What the name of Persia now?

Culturally diverse empire

Cultural Blending Prompted by one or more of the following:

Migration Pursuit of religious freedom Trade Conquest

Results of Cultural Blending

Language Religion/ethics Government Racial/Ethnic blending Arts/architecture

Review What branch of Islam were the Safavids? What events/actions contribute to cultural blending? What are the outcomes of cultural blending?

Back to the Safavids Isma’il conquers what is most of Iran/Persia

12 years old To celebrate, he made himself the Shah = King Brutal ruler – destroyed the Sunni population

Safavid Golden Age Shah Abbas – Abbas the Great

Created a culture that blended Ottoman, Persian, and Arab worlds

Reformed government Religious tolerance Built new capital at Esfahan

Persian rugs became in high demand

Review Who started the Safavids? What was the name of the territory? What country is it today? Name one contribution of Shah Abba?

Sum it up! Write down:

3 things you learned 2 things you want to learn more about 1 question you have

18.3 The MughalsEssential Questions

Who were the Mughals?What is their cultural legacy

in India and the World?

Setting the Stage By the 400’s, the Gupta Empire had

crumbled Then Muslim Turks and Afghans invaded

Descendents of Genghis Khan and Tamerlane

They called themselves Mughals (Means Mongols)

Babur In 1494, an 11 year

old boy inherited a Kingdom in Central Asia – His name was Babur

He invaded and swept down through India He laid the

foundations for the Mughal Empire

Review – get with an elbow partner – 30 seconds!!!!

What does “Mughal” mean? Who was the “first” Mughal? What country?

Akbar Babur’s grandson was

named Akbar Military conqueror Liberal ruler

Practiced religious tolerance

Married Hindu princesses

Blended culturesArt and

architecture flourished

What is this building called?

http://www.pbs.org/thestoryofindia/gallery/photos/20.html

Taj Mahal Facts Built by Shah Jahan to honor his wife The construction of this monument took a time

period of 22 years. A workforce of 20,000 laborers was brought from here and there for building the Taj Mahal.

People say that Shah Jahan ordered that the hands of the craftsmen and architect be chopped off after building Taj Mahal, as he did not want them to build another grand monument as this one.

More Taj Mahal Facts It is said that Shah Jahan had planned to

build another Taj Mahal in black marble as his own tomb.

The Taj Mahal is considered to be the seventh wonder of the world.

The walls and dome of Taj Mahal were covered with semi precious stones and gems that were later plundered in successive wars.

Decline of EmpireRulers drained Empire of resourcesCentral power weakened opening the

door for European control

Review What were some of the characteristics of Akbar? Who built the Taj Mahal? Why?

Review Summaries in one word!