After Watergate

Chapter 21.2-3

Gerald Ford• Become VP when

Spiro Agnew resigned in disgrace

• Former Michigan Congressman

• Moderate conservative, well liked on both sides of the isle

• Sought to restore trust in government

• Oath: August 9, 1974

The Pardon• On September 8, 1974,

Ford gave Nixon a full and unconditional pardon for any crimes he may have committed against the United States while President.

• In a TV broadcast, Ford explained that he felt the pardon was in the best interests of the country

• Ford also introduced a conditional amnesty program for Vietnam War draft dodgers

U.S. Inflation Rates

Foreign Policy• Fall of Saigon

– All American military forces had withdrawn from Vietnam in 1973.

– As the North Vietnamese conquered the South in 1975, Ford ordered the final withdrawal of American civilians

– On April 29-30, 1975, the American embassy in Saigon was evacuated amidst a chaotic scene.

– Some 1,373 U.S. citizens and 5,595 Vietnamese and third country nationals were evacuated by military and Air America helicopters to U.S. Navy ships off-shore.

1976 Election• Republican

Nominees– Gerald Ford & Bob

Dole

• Democratic Nominees– Jimmy Carter &

Walter Mondale

1976 Election• Ford was saddled

with a slow economy– > inflation– > unemployment

• Ford paid a political price for his pardon of Nixon

• Carter ran as an outsider and a reformer and won.

President Carter• Peanut Farmer• GA State Senator• GA Governor• Style?

• Brother Billy

Camp David Accords• One of Carter's most important

accomplishments as President were the Camp David Accords on September 17, 1978

• They were a peace agreement between Israel and Egypt negotiated by President Carter, which followed up on earlier negotiations conducted in the Middle East

• Carter invited Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egypt’s Sadat to Camp David

Camp David Accords• The Camp David

Accords produced a framework for peace between Egypt and Israel– Peace between Egypt

and Israel– Israel’s “right to exist”

recognized– Hand-back of Sinai

planned (timetable)

Panama Canal Treaty• Signed in September

1977• The treaty said that

Panama would gain control of the Panama Canal after 1999– Ended control of the

canal that the U.S. had since 1903

– Part of Carter’s human-rights foreign policy focus

• The U.S. retained the permanent right to defend the canal from any threat

USSR Invades Afghanistan

• In December 1979, the USSR invaded Afghanistan

• Some believed the Soviets were:– Expanding their borders to gain a foothold in

the region for a warm water port– Positioning for a takeover of Middle Eastern oil– Fearful that the fundamentalist Muslim uprising

in Iran and Afghanistan would spread to Muslims in the USSR

• After the invasion, President Carter:– Stopped exports of wheat to Russia– Prohibited U.S. participation in the 1980

Olympics in Moscow

A. Gerald FordB. Jimmy CarterC. Ronald ReaganD. Richard Nixon

A. Gerald FordB. Jimmy CarterC. Ronald ReaganD. Richard Nixon

Gerald Fords ascendency to the presidency could be

described as:A. AppellationB. DesultoryC. ChimericalD. Scion

A. Gerald FordB. Jimmy CarterC. Ronald ReaganD. Richard Nixon

A. Hair Club for Men Co-Presidents

B. Sears and Roebuck

C. Woodward and Bernstein

D. Simon and Schulster

Richard M. Nixon won the election of 1968 for all of the following reasons EXCEPT?

A. Nixon could criticize the Democrats for involving the United States in Vietnam for years

B. He promised the American people he could defeat Communism in Vietnam

C. Nixon could attack the wasteful and failed programs of the Great Society.

D. Nixon could appeal to the non-demonstrating, non-shouting, forgotten Americans.

The Watergate scandal grew out of the efforts of Nixon's

confidants to? A. control all new appointments for the

Supreme CourtB. tighten the security against leaks to

reporters on the Washington PostC. arrest the growing influence and

power of Secretary of State Henry Kissinger

D. assure the re-election of Nixon in 1972

Watergate?

A. .B. .C. .D. .

A

B

C

D

Which of the following best matches up with the détente

the US was experiencing with the

USSR?A. SALT IB. war in AfghanistanC. lack of US participation at the

1980 Moscow OlympicsD. the Camp David Accords

Richard Nixon's approach to China was to?

A. isolate the mainland government because of its support for the north in the Vietnam War.

B. pressure the nationalist government of Taiwan to seek reunification with the mainland.

C. open to contact for the first time since 1949 by visiting China and beginning diplomatic relations.

D. try to stir Soviet-Chinese border conflict.

Nixon Must Surrender Tapes!    Supreme Court Rules, 8 to 0!

Which feature of the U. S. Constitution system is best

illustrated by the above headlines?

A. checks and balances. B. power to grant pardons. C. executive privilege. D. federalism.

Which of the following MOST damaged President Ford’s chances for re-election in

1976?A. his use of the presidential pardonB. charges of tax evasion and

briberyC. unpopularity of the Vietnam WarD. the oil embargo put in place by

OPEC

Iranian Hostage Crisis• The Iran hostage crisis was a

diplomatic crisis that lasted from November 4, 1979, until January 20, 1981.

• Members of the Muslim Student Followers held 66 U.S. citizens hostage inside the American diplomatic mission in Tehran, Iran

• The crisis was one of the primary reasons for Jimmy Carter's loss in the U.S. Presidential Election of 1980

Iranian Hostage Crisis• On January 20,

1981, the hostages were formally released into United States custody after spending 444 days in captivity.

• The release took place just minutes after Ronald Reagan was officially sworn in as president.