ch. 26 sect. 1 - tecumseh local school district 26 sect 1.pdfch. 26 sect. 1 origins of the cold war...
TRANSCRIPT
Ch.26Sect.1OriginsOfTheColdWar
Objectives:1. Explainwhy1945wasacriticalyearininternationalrelations
andhowitwasfollowedbycon>lictingpostwargoals.2. DescribehowtheSovietUniontighteneditscontrolover
EasternEurope.3. Identifytheironcurtainandhowitledtocontainmentpolicy
andtheTrumanDoctrine.MainIdea:AttheendofWWII,con>lictinggoalsforEuropeledtogrowing
hostilitybetweentheU.S.andtheSovietUnion.
TensionBetweenU.S.&SovietUnion• TensionbetweentheU.S.andSovietUnionwillincreaseafterWorldWarII.Thetensionwilllastover40yearsandwillbeknownastheColdWar.
• SeveralissuesledtotheColdWar:theU.S.didnotrecognizetheSovietUnionuntil1933,theU.S.didn’tlikethenonaggressionpactbetweenGermanyandtheSovietUnionin1939,whenHitlerbrokethepactin1941,webecameAllieswiththeSoviets,theSovietswereupsetthatittooktheU.S.twoyearstoinvadeFrance,whiletheysufferedheavycasualties>ightingGermanybythemselves,theU.S.didn’tnottelltheSovietsabouttheatomicbombprojectuntilitwas>inishedin1945,bothsidesarguedaboutwhattodowithGermanyandEasternEuropeafterWorldWarII.
DifferentPostwarGoals
• AfterWorldWarII,theU.S.wantedtospreadliberty,equality,arepresentativegovernment,andopenmarketstoworldtrade.
• TheSovietswantedtheirneighborstousecommunismtoprotectthem(buffer)formanotherGermanyinvasion(alsodividedGermany).TheSovietslost20millionpeopleandhadthemostrebuildingtodoafterWorldWarIIanddidn’twanttofacethisproblemagain.
TheColdWarBegins TheColdWarbeginswithaclashoverPoland.TheU.S.wantedPolandtohavesomerepresentativessupportiveoftheWest.
TheSovietswantedPolandtohaveacommunistgovernmentloyaltothem,becausePolandisontheSovietwesternborder.
TheU.S.andSovietUnioncalledeachotherTotalitarianstates.Governmentsthatcoulddowhatevertheywishedandsuppressedtherightsoftheircitizens.
TheIronCurtain&UnitedNations
• In1946,StalingaveaspeechsayingthattheSovietsstrengthenitsmilitarytoensureitssurvivalagainstthewest(developtheiratomicbombin1949).
• Inthesameyear,WinstonChurchillsaidthatanironcurtainhadformedoverEasternEuropeandthatEnglishspeakingcountriesneededtoworktogethertopreventanymorecountriesfromfallingunderSovietcontrol.
• TheLeagueofNationsfailedtopreventWorldWarII,soanewinternationalorganizationwascreatedcalledtheUnitedNations.TheU.N.wascreatedby50nations,with11countriescreatingtheSecurityCouncil,with5ofthosebeingpermanentmemberswithvetopower(U.S.,SovietUnion,GreatBritain,France,andChina).
Containment&TrumanDoctrine
SincetheU.S.couldnotcontroltheSovietUnionthroughtheU.N.,theyadoptedaforeignpolicycalledContainment.TheforeignpolicyoftheU.S.forthenext40yearswouldbetopreventthespreadofcommunismandnotallowingtheSovietUniontoincreasetheirworldpower.
PresidentTrumantoldCongressthattheU.S.shouldsupportanycountryresistingamilitarytakeoverbyothercountrycalledtheTrumanDoctrine.TheTrumanDoctrineandContainmentwere>irstusedinGreeceandTurkey.