Chapter 4, Notes Part 2Chapter 4, Notes Part 2

Greek City-StatesGreek City-States

SpartaSparta & & AthensAthens

Sparta – Military StateSparta – Military State

In Search of…

“The Perfect “The Perfect Cheer!”Cheer!”

EASTLAKE EASTLAKE HIGH HIGH SCHOOL…SCHOOL…Go Spartans!Go Spartans!

My name is Craig

I give good hugs

You're not my friend

If you do drugs

• Like many Greek city-states, Sparta needed Sparta needed more landmore land

• It gained land through gained land through conquestconquest of the neighboring Laconians and Messenians.

•These peoples became serfs who worked for the Spartans.

•They were called helotshelots, from the Greek for “capture.”“capture.”

•Military system based on hopliteshoplites = Infantry who Infantry who carried shield, sword & carried shield, sword & spearspear

•The fought shoulder to shoulder in a phalanx formation

Spartan Hoplite

Phalanx

““The Spartan Lifestyle”The Spartan Lifestyle”

Spartan WomenSpartan Women

Only in Sparta did girls receive public educationin other city-states most women were completely illiterate.

Only in Sparta were girls allowed to engage in sportengage in sport.

Only in Sparta did women possess economic powereconomic power and influence.

Scandalized observers from other Greek cities commented that not only did Spartan women have Spartan women have opinionsopinions they were not afraid to voice in public, AND their husbands actually listened to them!

Spartan Lifestyle: Military StateSpartan Lifestyle: Military State• Stayed in the army until 60

• Women & men lived apart

• Women expected to remain fit to bear & raise healthy children

• Men expected to be brave in battle, to win or be killed

Spartan Government: OligarchySpartan Government: Oligarchy

• Two kings who led the Spartan armyTwo kings who led the Spartan army

• Five men known as ephors were responsible for the youths’ education and the citizens’ conduct.

• A council of two kings and 28 men over 60 years of age decided on the issues the assembly would vote on.

• The assembly did not debate, but only voted.

DISCUSSION ?DISCUSSION ?

Sparta kept its strict discipline Sparta kept its strict discipline in part by closing itself off in part by closing itself off from outside influences and from outside influences and new ideas. new ideas.

Why was doing so important to Why was doing so important to maintaining their authoritarian maintaining their authoritarian

society?society?

Possible Answer:Possible Answer:

Being open to new and foreign ideas and influences could be a basis for criticizing society and the government.

Athenian Athenian DemocracyDemocracy

ATHENSATHENS

Pericles giving his famous Funeral Oration

•Athenian revolt ends the tyranny in 510 B.C.

•The Athenians appointed the reformer:

Cleisthenes (KLYS-thuh-neez)

leader in 508 B.C.

Athens: Birthplace of Democracy

CleisthenesCleisthenes (KLYS-thuh-neez)

• He created a new council of 500

• proposed laws and supervised treasury and foreign affairs.

“Father of Father of Democracy”Democracy”

•Assembly had final authority to pass laws after free & open debate

•Reforms of Cleisthenes created the foundation for Athenian democracy

Age Of PericlesAge Of Pericles

• Peak of Athenian Culture

• Athens becomes the center of Greek society

Role of Athenian WomenRole of Athenian Women• Could take part in most religious festivals,

but otherwise excluded from public life

• Could not own property

• Always accompanied by a male guardian

• Chief obligation to bear male children

• Supervised the slaves that did housework

• Married at 14 or 15

• No formal education

Wars & Strife in GreeceWars & Strife in Greece

• Persian Wars – Greece defeats Persia

The world becomes spilt between Athens and Sparta

• Peloponnesian War – lasted about 25 years

It splintered and weakened the Greeks as a whole. Macedonia to the north would take advantage of this