Ch. 7, Sec. 2 Ch. 7, Sec. 2 Convention and Convention and CompromiseCompromise

Know how the Constitutional Convention Know how the Constitutional Convention broke the deadlock over the form the new broke the deadlock over the form the new government would take.government would take.Be familiar with how the delegates Be familiar with how the delegates answered the question of representation.answered the question of representation.

Economic DepressionEconomic Depression U.S. went through a _____________ after Rev. U.S. went through a _____________ after Rev.

War.War. DepressionDepression--_______________________________________.--_______________________________________. Southern plantations were damaged.Southern plantations were damaged. British closed off profitable West Indies market to Americans.British closed off profitable West Indies market to Americans.

Farmers suffered b/c they could not sell their Farmers suffered b/c they could not sell their goods.goods. Had problems paying the states for money borrowed.Had problems paying the states for money borrowed. Result = state officials seized farmers lands to pay their debts Result = state officials seized farmers lands to pay their debts

and threw many farmers in jail.and threw many farmers in jail.

Resentment began to grow in Mass.Resentment began to grow in Mass. Farmers viewed new govt. as a form of Farmers viewed new govt. as a form of

__________.__________. Led to ______ Rebellion.Led to ______ Rebellion.

Shays’s RebellionShays’s Rebellion 1786—angry farmers led by _____________ forced 1786—angry farmers led by _____________ forced

courts in western Mass. to close so judges could not courts in western Mass. to close so judges could not confiscate farmers’ lands. confiscate farmers’ lands.

Jan. 1787—Shays led more than 1000 farmers toward Jan. 1787—Shays led more than 1000 farmers toward Springfield, Mass., for arms and ammunition.Springfield, Mass., for arms and ammunition.

State militia ordered them to halt, then fired over their State militia ordered them to halt, then fired over their heads.heads.

Farmers didn’t stop, militia fired again, killing ___ rebels.Farmers didn’t stop, militia fired again, killing ___ rebels.

ResultResult—— Frightened many Americans and caused them to believe the Frightened many Americans and caused them to believe the

govt. could not control unrest and prevent violence.govt. could not control unrest and prevent violence.

A Call for ChangeA Call for Change ________ was major issue that divided new country and ________ was major issue that divided new country and

led to A.O.C. being strengthened.led to A.O.C. being strengthened. 2 main groups emerged:2 main groups emerged:

1.1. One group wanted to remain w/a system of independent state One group wanted to remain w/a system of independent state govts.govts.

2.2. Other group wanted to create a strong __________ govt.Other group wanted to create a strong __________ govt. 2 Americans led movement: _________________ and Alexander 2 Americans led movement: _________________ and Alexander

Hamilton.Hamilton.

Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention May 1787--____ delegates met in Philadelphia during May 1787--____ delegates met in Philadelphia during

one of hottest summers on record. one of hottest summers on record. Delegates consisted of planters, merchants, lawyers, physicians, Delegates consisted of planters, merchants, lawyers, physicians,

generals, and governors.generals, and governors. 3 were under 30 yrs. old and Benjamin Franklin was ___ yrs. old.3 were under 30 yrs. old and Benjamin Franklin was ___ yrs. old. 26 had college degrees.26 had college degrees. Nat. Amer., African Americans, & women not considered part of Nat. Amer., African Americans, & women not considered part of

political process, so none attended.political process, so none attended.

Constitutional Constitutional ConventionConvention Only records of Convention were kept in a journal by Only records of Convention were kept in a journal by

________________. (known as ________________. (known as Father of the Father of the ConstitutionConstitution b/c he authored basic plan of govt. that b/c he authored basic plan of govt. that Convention would adopt)Convention would adopt)

__________________ chosen to preside over __________________ chosen to preside over Convention.Convention.

OrganizationOrganization Rules of the Convention:Rules of the Convention:

1.1. Each state would have ___ vote.Each state would have ___ vote.

2.2. Majority vote would rule all decisions.Majority vote would rule all decisions.

3.3. No meetings could be held unless there were ___ states No meetings could be held unless there were ___ states present.present.

4.4. Meetings were kept a secret!!!Meetings were kept a secret!!!

Virginia and New Jersey Virginia and New Jersey PlanPlanVirginia PlanVirginia Plan Proposed by Edmund Randolph.Proposed by Edmund Randolph. Called for ___ house legislature, a chief executive, & a court Called for ___ house legislature, a chief executive, & a court

system.system. Lower House of legislature would be chosen by people.Lower House of legislature would be chosen by people.

Upper house would be chosen by lower house.Upper house would be chosen by lower house. Number of reps. in each house would be based on Number of reps. in each house would be based on

____________.____________.

New Jersey PlanNew Jersey Plan Proposed by William Paterson.Proposed by William Paterson. Called for ___ house legislature (unicameral).Called for ___ house legislature (unicameral). Each state would receive one vote and be represented Each state would receive one vote and be represented

_________. _________. Congress could set taxes, regulate trade, & elect weak Congress could set taxes, regulate trade, & elect weak

Executive branch.Executive branch.

CompromiseCompromise Virginia Plan would do away with A.O.C., the New Virginia Plan would do away with A.O.C., the New

Jersey Plan would amend the A.O.C.Jersey Plan would amend the A.O.C. Delegates decided revising A.O.C. would not solve Delegates decided revising A.O.C. would not solve

problems.problems. Roger Sherman suggested _________________.Roger Sherman suggested _________________.

Compromise--Compromise--________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________._____________________________________________________.

Great CompromiseGreat Compromise1.1. 2 house legislature: 2 house legislature:

1.1. Lower House = _________________________, number of seats Lower House = _________________________, number of seats would be based upon state’s population.would be based upon state’s population.

2.2. Upper House = ___________, each state would have 2 reps. Upper House = ___________, each state would have 2 reps. (based on equal representation)(based on equal representation)

2.2. Chief Executive Chief Executive

3.3. Court SystemCourt System

Other CompromisesOther Compromises 3/5 Compromise3/5 Compromise—counted each enslaved person as ___ a —counted each enslaved person as ___ a

person for taxation and representation.person for taxation and representation. Southern states wanted to use slaves to gain delegates in House of Southern states wanted to use slaves to gain delegates in House of

Representatives. (Northern states objected—said slaves were property)Representatives. (Northern states objected—said slaves were property)

_____________ Compromise_____________ Compromise—Northern states agreed that —Northern states agreed that Congress could not interfere w/slave trade until 1808.Congress could not interfere w/slave trade until 1808.

Approving the ConstitutionApproving the Constitution September 17, _____--delegates gathered in Philadelphia at September 17, _____--delegates gathered in Philadelphia at

_____________ Hall to approve Constitution!_____________ Hall to approve Constitution! Gouverneur Morris wrote final draft of Constitution.Gouverneur Morris wrote final draft of Constitution. ___ of 13 states were needed to ratify the Constitution.___ of 13 states were needed to ratify the Constitution.

Some delegates refused to sign Constitution w/o a Bill of Rights—afraid Some delegates refused to sign Constitution w/o a Bill of Rights—afraid new govt. would abuse its power w/o protection of their individual rights.new govt. would abuse its power w/o protection of their individual rights.