Ch 8 Ch 8 Background InformationBackground Information

Objective 1 Objective 1

- Describe the ideas, practices and - Describe the ideas, practices and documents that shaped American documents that shaped American beliefs about government.beliefs about government.

Vocabulary TermsVocabulary Terms• constitutionconstitution

• republicanismrepublicanism

• limited governmentlimited government

• suffragesuffrage

• ratificationratification

• Virginia Statute for Religious FreedomVirginia Statute for Religious Freedom

• Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

• Land Ordinance of 1785Land Ordinance of 1785

• Northwest Ordinance 1787Northwest Ordinance 1787

• Northwest TerritoryNorthwest Territory

English PracticesEnglish PracticesMagna CartaMagna Carta

English Bill of Rights English Bill of Rights ParliamentParliament

The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment  During the Enlightenment, philosophers often discussed their ideas atDuring the Enlightenment, philosophers often discussed their ideas at elegant social gatherings. British philosopher John Locke was widely elegant social gatherings. British philosopher John Locke was widely respected.respected. For his idea on “Social Contract” For his idea on “Social Contract”

I. Ideas about GovernmentI. Ideas about GovernmentA.A. Sources of InspirationSources of Inspiration

1.1. English Law, particularly Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights.English Law, particularly Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights.

2.2. Enlightenment ideas, such as John Locke’s belief that a social Enlightenment ideas, such as John Locke’s belief that a social contract existed between political leaders and the people they ruled.contract existed between political leaders and the people they ruled.

B.B. American Political TraditionsAmerican Political Traditions

1.1. Representative government, including the New England town Representative government, including the New England town meeting and legislative assemblies such as the Virginia House of meeting and legislative assemblies such as the Virginia House of Burgesses.Burgesses.

2.2. Religious traditions, such as Great Awakening, which may have led Religious traditions, such as Great Awakening, which may have led colonists to questions political institutions and look for more local colonists to questions political institutions and look for more local control.control.

C.C. Documents Support Self-Government Documents Support Self-Government

1.1. Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact

2.2. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, an example of a written Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, an example of a written constitution- set of basic principles and laws that states the powers constitution- set of basic principles and laws that states the powers and duties of the government.and duties of the government.

3.3. Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

II. The State ConstitutionsII. The State ConstitutionsA.A. Showed the belief in Showed the belief in republicanismrepublicanism- support for a - support for a

system of government in which citizens elect system of government in which citizens elect representatives responsible to the people.representatives responsible to the people.

B.B. Created Created limited government- limited government- government in which government in which leaders must obey laws and no one has total power.leaders must obey laws and no one has total power.

C.C. Most states constitutions protected citizens’ individual Most states constitutions protected citizens’ individual rights, such as trial by jury.rights, such as trial by jury.

1.1. Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom promoted promoted separation of church and state to protect religious separation of church and state to protect religious freedom.freedom.

2.2. Many states constitutions expanded Many states constitutions expanded suffrage, suffrage, or or voting rights.voting rights.

3.3. Voting rights for men varied from state to state.Voting rights for men varied from state to state.

-Magna Carta-English Bill of Rights-Parliament-Enlightenment-John Locke-Democracy of the Roman Republic

- New England town meetings- Virginia House of Burgesses- Republicanism-limited governments-Religious freedom-The Great Awakening

- Virginia Declaration of Rights- Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom-State Constitution/Voting rights- Mayflower Compact- Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- Declaration of Independence

Important QuestionsImportant QuestionsWhat ideas influenced American as they What ideas influenced American as they

planned their new government?planned their new government?

English Law English Law Enlightenment ideas Enlightenment ideas American political traditions American political traditions documents supporting principles of self documents supporting principles of self

governmentgovernment

Important QuestionsImportant QuestionsWhat are some of the rights that state What are some of the rights that state

constitutions protect?constitutions protect?

Trial by juryTrial by jury Religious freedomReligious freedom Right to voteRight to vote

8.18.1IntroductionIntroduction

Essential QuestionEssential Question

- What compromises emerged from - What compromises emerged from the Constitutional Convention?the Constitutional Convention?

Members of the Second Continental Congress knew that the Members of the Second Continental Congress knew that the former colonies needed to create a central government.former colonies needed to create a central government.

III. Forming a UnionIII. Forming a UnionA.A. National GovernmentNational Government

1.1. Created Articles of Confederation, which defined Created Articles of Confederation, which defined the national powers.the national powers.

2.2. Articles created a Confederate Congress, which Articles created a Confederate Congress, which had limited powers.had limited powers.

B.B. ApprovalApproval

1.1. Second Continental passed Articles of Second Continental passed Articles of Confederate and then sent document to each Confederate and then sent document to each state legislature for ratification, or approval.state legislature for ratification, or approval.

2.2. Final state, Maryland, ratified Articles of Final state, Maryland, ratified Articles of Confederation in March 1781Confederation in March 1781

Western LandsWestern Lands

Important QuestionsImportant QuestionsWhat worried James Madison about the future of the United States?What worried James Madison about the future of the United States? He worried that the states would not work together.He worried that the states would not work together.

Why did many members of Congress fear a strong central government?Why did many members of Congress fear a strong central government? They feared such a government would trample their rights.They feared such a government would trample their rights.

What were some of the government’s powers under the Articles of What were some of the government’s powers under the Articles of Confederation?Confederation?

Coin and borrow money, declare war, raise army/navy, negotiate Coin and borrow money, declare war, raise army/navy, negotiate treaties, could settle disputes between states, ask states for money treaties, could settle disputes between states, ask states for money and soldiers, set up postal system.and soldiers, set up postal system.

What were some of the government’s limitations?What were some of the government’s limitations? Could not impose taxes, had no president or national court system, Could not impose taxes, had no president or national court system,

had no power to settle disputes, collect money or supply troops.had no power to settle disputes, collect money or supply troops.

8.28.2Early Quarrels and Early Quarrels and AccomplishmentsAccomplishments

Objective Objective

- Explain what quarrels occurred - Explain what quarrels occurred under Articles of Confederation.under Articles of Confederation.

- Explain what the Confederate Congress - Explain what the Confederate Congress accomplished under Articles of accomplished under Articles of Confederation.Confederation.

IV. The Northwest TerritoryIV. The Northwest TerritoryA.A. Western Lands.Western Lands.

1.1. Confederation Congress planned to sell western Confederation Congress planned to sell western lands to raise money.lands to raise money.

2.2. Land ordinance of 1785 Land ordinance of 1785 set up system for set up system for surveying and dividing public lands.surveying and dividing public lands.

B.B. Northwest Territory of 1787.Northwest Territory of 1787.

1.1. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Northwest Ordinance of 1787 created created Northwest Northwest TerritoryTerritory- included what is now Illinois, Indiana, - included what is now Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin- and its political Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin- and its political system.system.

2.2. Created a system for adding new states; banned Created a system for adding new states; banned slavery in the Northwest Territoryslavery in the Northwest Territory

Northwest Territories

• Congress surveyed the land into squares 6 miles on each side. (townships)

Land Ordinance

of 1785

Land Ordinance

of 1785

• Each town was divided into 36 smaller sections, 640 acres each. (the cost was a minimum of $1 per acre)

• People pooled their money in order to be able to afford a piece of land.

Land Ordinance

of 1785

Township MapSargent County, North Dakota

• When the population reached 60,000 free citizens, the area could apply for statehood. Ex.) OH, IN, IL, MI, WI

Northwest Ordinance (1787)

• When 5,000 free males of voting age settled an area, it became self-governing.

• Slavery was outlawed.

Moving WestMoving West After the Revolutionary War  After the Revolutionary War Americans began heading west in greater numbers. Americans began heading west in greater numbers. Thousands of people settled in the lands of the Thousands of people settled in the lands of the Northwest Territory. Many of these people were Northwest Territory. Many of these people were farmers from New England, where good farmland farmers from New England, where good farmland was scarce. As the population of the Northwest was scarce. As the population of the Northwest Territory grew and the region was divided into Territory grew and the region was divided into states, more settlers came from throughout the states, more settlers came from throughout the nation and from overseas.nation and from overseas.

Important QuestionsImportant QuestionsWhat were the terms of the Northwest What were the terms of the Northwest

Ordinance of 1787?Ordinance of 1787?

Created Northwest territory and its political Created Northwest territory and its political system, created system for forming new system, created system for forming new states, banned slavery in Northwest states, banned slavery in Northwest TerritoryTerritory

8.1/8.2 Homework Quiz8.1/8.2 Homework Quiz• List three documents that were used in List three documents that were used in

creating the Articles of Confederation.creating the Articles of Confederation.

• What was John Locks idea about What was John Locks idea about government and the people?government and the people?

• List two ideas that state constitutions List two ideas that state constitutions contributed to the Articles of contributed to the Articles of Confederation. Confederation.

• What were the terms of the Northwest What were the terms of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?Ordinance of 1787?

• Describe the Northwest Territory using Describe the Northwest Territory using geographic features. geographic features.