ch 8: energy. last chapter: how long a force acts makes a difference in an object’s motion. f x t...
TRANSCRIPT
1. Which takes more work lifting 1 book from the floor to your waist or lifting 10 books from the floor to your waist?
Why?
2. Which takes more work, lifting 1 book from the floor to your waist or lifting 1 book from the floor to over your head?
Why?
3. Which requires more work holding 100 pounds stationary over your head or holding 300 pounds stationary over your head?
Why?
Work A. product of a force acting in the
direction of motion and the distance moved.
B. Work = force x distance W = F x d
C. Units for work Joules (J) = N m
Practice problem: How much work is done on a 50 N
skater that is lifted by her partner 1.5 m into the air?
Another Problem:
Who does more work, a person who lifts 100 pounds 2 m over their head very quickly or a person who struggles and takes a long time to lift the 100 pounds 2 m over their head?
Why?
Power
A. rate at which work is done B. Power = work done
time interval
P = W/ t C. Units for power
watts (w) = joules / t horsepower (hp) 1 hp = 747.7 w
Practice problem: How much power is required to lift
Bertha, (who weighs 70 N) 20 m in an elevator in 6 s?
1. Potential Energy a. stored energy b. energy due to position c. examples
rubber band spring fuel - gas, batteries, food a book held high
2. Kinetic energy a. energy of motion b. energy due to movement c. depends on mass and speed d. KE = 1/2 mv2
Conservation of Energy Energy can not be created or
destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
Total amount of energy never changes.
IV. Machines A. device used to multiply forces or
change the direction of forces B. basic idea is same as conservation
of energy C. work in = work out
E. Mechanical Advantage MA = output force
input force pg. 112 80 N = 8
10 N MA = input distance
output distance
G. Efficiency 1. ideal machines have 100%
efficiency Does not happen in the real world
(some energy is ALWAYS lost as heat)