Ch. 8Ch. 8Weight Weight

ManagementManagement Eating Eating

BehaviorsBehaviors

Why do we eat?Why do we eat?

• Smell & tasteSmell & taste• MoodMood• Family, ethnic, & religious traditionsFamily, ethnic, & religious traditions• Social OccasionsSocial Occasions• Health concernsHealth concerns• AdvertisingAdvertising• Cost & availabilityCost & availability

Food Provides EnergyFood Provides Energy• Amount of energy depends on amount of Amount of energy depends on amount of

carbs, protein, and fat eatencarbs, protein, and fat eaten

• Extra calories not used immediately are Extra calories not used immediately are stored as glycogen or fatstored as glycogen or fat

• Breakfast: important to activate body and Breakfast: important to activate body and brain function right awaybrain function right away

BMRBMR

• Basal Metabolic Rate:Basal Metabolic Rate: amount of energy amount of energy the body uses for basic functionsthe body uses for basic functions

• BMR varies for everyoneBMR varies for everyone

• Depends on: age, weight, sex, activity Depends on: age, weight, sex, activity levellevel

Energy BalanceEnergy Balance• Energy Balance:Energy Balance: when the food you eat when the food you eat

equals the food you burn offequals the food you burn off

• Extra calories cause increased body fat Extra calories cause increased body fat and weight gain and weight gain

• Overweight people are usually too heavy Overweight people are usually too heavy for their height due to for their height due to

too much body fattoo much body fat

Overweight & ObesityOverweight & Obesity• Obesity:Obesity: condition which there is an excess amount of condition which there is an excess amount of

body fat for one’s weightbody fat for one’s weight

• One is considered obese if is more than 20 percent One is considered obese if is more than 20 percent

overweight over his ideal body weightoverweight over his ideal body weight. .

• Medical experts say a person who's about 30 pounds Medical experts say a person who's about 30 pounds overweight must be considered obese.overweight must be considered obese.

• Illinois: 26.5% of people are obeseIllinois: 26.5% of people are obese

• Mississippi is the fattest stateMississippi is the fattest state

• Colorado the leanestColorado the leanest

• Illinois is ranked #28Illinois is ranked #28

• Adults: 63% are overweight or obeseAdults: 63% are overweight or obese• Children: 25% are overweight or obeseChildren: 25% are overweight or obese

• IL: OW adults: 25.3%, Ob adults: 61.8%, children: 15.8%IL: OW adults: 25.3%, Ob adults: 61.8%, children: 15.8%

Why are so many people overweight?Why are so many people overweight?

*Diets high in fat and sugar*Diets high in fat and sugar

*Inactive lifestyle*Inactive lifestyle

Healthy Weight for Me?Healthy Weight for Me?Body Composition:Body Composition: measure of measure of amount of body fat compared to amount of body fat compared to other body tissueother body tissue

-someone can be overweight but -someone can be overweight but not obese using body compositionnot obese using body composition

Body Mass Index: Body Mass Index: index of index of weight in relation to heightweight in relation to height used to assess a healthy used to assess a healthy body weightbody weight

Heredity v. EnvironmentHeredity v. EnvironmentHeredity – DNA passed from your parents may Heredity – DNA passed from your parents may

cause you to be naturally heavy or thin.cause you to be naturally heavy or thin.

Environment – The lifestyle of a Environment – The lifestyle of a family may also affect the family may also affect the weight of individual members.weight of individual members.

Location of weight is also a factor. Excess weight Location of weight is also a factor. Excess weight above the waist are more prone to heart above the waist are more prone to heart disease, diabetes and breast cancer than people disease, diabetes and breast cancer than people with excess weight below the waist.with excess weight below the waist.

Weight Management PlanWeight Management PlanWeight Management: Weight Management: sensible eating and exercise sensible eating and exercise

habits that will keep you at a healthy levelhabits that will keep you at a healthy level

--Eat better, eat less, & exercise moreEat better, eat less, & exercise more

--Goal is to lose fat, not the lean muscleGoal is to lose fat, not the lean muscle

--You can gain weight by You can gain weight by

increasing calorie intake and increasing calorie intake and

exercising to increase lean muscle exercising to increase lean muscle

massmass

Dangerous Wt. Loss Dangerous Wt. Loss -These wt. loss products and programs fail -These wt. loss products and programs fail

to provide long-term wt. managementto provide long-term wt. management

-fad diets, diet pills, & surgery-fad diets, diet pills, & surgery

-The only safe way to lose or manage wt. is -The only safe way to lose or manage wt. is through diet & exercisethrough diet & exercise

Eating DisordersEating DisordersEating disorders:Eating disorders: conditions which involve an conditions which involve an

unhealthy degree of concern about body wt. and unhealthy degree of concern about body wt. and image and leads to efforts to control this with image and leads to efforts to control this with unhealthy meansunhealthy means

Body Image:Body Image: How you see and feel about your How you see and feel about your bodybody

--culture & society affect what you think & feel is the culture & society affect what you think & feel is the perfect bodyperfect body

Body ImageBody Image--A healthy body image is accepting your A healthy body image is accepting your

appearance and abilities. appearance and abilities.

-It also means having realistic expectations about -It also means having realistic expectations about your size and shape. your size and shape.

-Teens are particularly concerned with -Teens are particularly concerned with appearance, yet a teens appearance changes appearance, yet a teens appearance changes radically as puberty takes its course.radically as puberty takes its course.

Anorexia Nervosa – Self-starvation and excessive Anorexia Nervosa – Self-starvation and excessive exercise.exercise.

Digestive ProblemsDigestive Problems

• Heartburn – stomach acid is coming up the Heartburn – stomach acid is coming up the esophagus causing a burning sensation. esophagus causing a burning sensation. Smaller, low fat meals with enough time to Smaller, low fat meals with enough time to digest before lying down are good preventative digest before lying down are good preventative measures.measures.

• Ulcers – open sores in the stomach lining which Ulcers – open sores in the stomach lining which are painful may be caused by stress and/or are painful may be caused by stress and/or bacteria. An unhealthy diet can only make bacteria. An unhealthy diet can only make things worse. If you believe you have an ulcer, things worse. If you believe you have an ulcer, contact a doctor.contact a doctor.

Food Allergies – A small number of people have Food Allergies – A small number of people have allergies to certain foods that may cause allergies to certain foods that may cause swelling of the face or esophageal tube as well swelling of the face or esophageal tube as well as hives and rashes. Shellfish and peanuts are as hives and rashes. Shellfish and peanuts are common allergy foods.common allergy foods.

Food Intolerance – Similar to allergy but less Food Intolerance – Similar to allergy but less severe. Lactose intolerance is the most severe. Lactose intolerance is the most common. Intolerance usually causes gas, common. Intolerance usually causes gas, cramping and diarrhea. cramping and diarrhea.

Embarrassing Digestive ProblemsEmbarrassing Digestive ProblemsGas – bacteria in the intestinal system help Gas – bacteria in the intestinal system help break down foods. Some foods, such as beans, break down foods. Some foods, such as beans, may cause the bacteria to be overactive, may cause the bacteria to be overactive, producing flatulence.producing flatulence.Diarrhea – caused by a wide variety of things Diarrhea – caused by a wide variety of things and usually harmless. Dehydration is the only and usually harmless. Dehydration is the only issue. Drink lots of fluids to replace what was issue. Drink lots of fluids to replace what was lost.lost.Constipation – Usually caused by a low fiber Constipation – Usually caused by a low fiber diet. Can be prevented with diets high in fruits, diet. Can be prevented with diets high in fruits, vegetables, and fiber. Exercise is also good for vegetables, and fiber. Exercise is also good for prevention.prevention.

Food-borne IllnessFood-borne Illness• An illness caused by contaminated food. An illness caused by contaminated food.

• The food may be contaminated with bacteria, The food may be contaminated with bacteria, fungi, parasites or a virus. Some reactions may fungi, parasites or a virus. Some reactions may be life threatening. be life threatening.

• If symptoms are severe, see a doctor If symptoms are severe, see a doctor immediately. (Jack in the box) immediately. (Jack in the box)

• Avoid cross contamination by cleaning utensils. Avoid cross contamination by cleaning utensils. Cook foods to recommended temperatures. Cook foods to recommended temperatures. Wash your hands often. Refrigerate stored Wash your hands often. Refrigerate stored foods.foods.

Types of Food-borne IllnessesTypes of Food-borne Illnesses

Campylobacter– Bacterial pathogen that causes fever, diarrhea, and

abdominal cramps.– Eating undercooked chicken or food that has been

contaminated with juices dripping from the raw chicken is the source.

Salmonella– Bacterium that causes salmonellosis which includes

fever, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps.– In people with weak immune systems or poor

health, it can invade the bloodstream and cause life-threatening infections.

– Found from a variety of foods of animal origins.

E. Coli–Bacterial pathogen that causes bloody

diarrhea and painful abdominal cramps without a fever.

–Found in the consumption of food or water that has been contaminated with microscopic amounts of cow feces.

–Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome is a severe complication that includes anemia, profuse bleeding, and kidney failure.