ch. 8.1 & 9 atp, cellular respiration and photosynthesis
TRANSCRIPT
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Ch. 8.1 & 9 ATP, Cellular Respiration
and Photosynthesis
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I. Living things need energy…
A.Moving muscles
B. Building essential molecules
C. Transporting substances across cell membranes.
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II. Where do we get energy?
A. Food 1. to grow 2. to reproduce.
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III. Sources of EnergyA. Autotrophs (plants)
1. can make own food 2. by process of
photosynthesis 3. also called Producers
B. Heterotrophs 1. get food from others 2. called consumers
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Plants and animals need each other to survive.
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IV. Chemical EnergyA. Stored in chemical bonds of
compounds.
B. Compounds that store energy: ATP, NADH and FADH2.
Building Bonds = stores energy
Breaking Bonds = releases energy
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So what does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
Many Uses 1. Mechanical functions of cells
2. Carry out Active transport
3. Breakdown large molecules
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Adenine
Ribose 3 Phosphate groups
Go to Section:
The Three Components of ATP
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Ribose
Adenine
P P P
Energy is released when the high energy
phosphate bond between the 2nd and 3rd
“P” is broken.
1. Energy is stored in ATP’s high-energy phosphate
bonds.
How does ATP store energy?
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Energy
+ +
ADP P ATP++ Energy
2. When a free phosphate group is attached onto ADP, energy is stored in this bond to
create ATP.
How does ATP store energy?
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For the cell to release and use the energy in ATP, the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups must break; leaving ADP and a free phosphate group.
Ribose
Adenine
P P P Energy Released
ATPADP P
Using ATP Energy
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ATP /ADP Cycle
ATP /ADP ATP /ADP CycleCycle
ATP
ADP
P P
Energy Stored
Energy
Released to do
work
Bonds Formed to make ATP
Bonds Broken
ADP P
ATP
ADP
ADP
A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second!!!
Energy Released
Energy
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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What is photosynthesis?• A chemical reaction in which plants
take the light energy from the sun and convert it to chemical energy to make their own food.
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• Plants cells contain organelles called CHLOROPLASTS
• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll (green color) which makes photosynthesis possible.
• Carbon Dioxide enters the leaves through the stomata (openings) and combines with the stored energy in the chloroplasts to make glucose.
• Glucose is moved through the phloem to the rest of the plant.
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Glucose is used as a food source for the plants to carry out life processes.
Unused glucose is stored as a starch or becomes part of the plant’s tissue.
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Chemical Equation-Photosynthesis
6 CO2+ 6 H2O + sunlight 6 O2 + C6H12O6 Carbon dioxide +water +sunlight (yields) oxygen +
glucose
How does this relate to Cellular Respiration?
Reactants Products
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Once plants change the energy from the sunlight into chemical energy during photosynthesis, organisms then have to change that chemical energy into a form that is usable by the organism’s cells during a process called Cellular Respiration.
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What is cellular respiration?
The release of chemical energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules for use by the cells.
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Reactants Products
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
(glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy)
-
• 2 forms: Aerobic (with O2 - oxygen) Anaerobic (without O2- oxygen)
• Reaction is opposite of Photosynthesis
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AEROBIC RESPIRATION takes place in the presence of oxygen:(3
steps)• Glycolysis- occurs in the cytoplasm
producing 2 ATPs and 2 pyruvates.
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2.Krebs Cycle- takes place in the
mitochondria. uses the 2 pyruvates from
glycolysis and releases 2 ATPs, 6CO2 and
many NADH & FADH2
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3.Electron Transport- takes place in the mitochondria.
Uses the NADH & FADH2 from Krebs and produces 32 ATPs and 6H2O
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ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION (no oxygen present)
• Glycolysis- produces 2 ATP’s and 2 pyruvates
Alcoholic Fermentation in yeast ORLactic Acid Fermentation in muscles