ch lipid 41a

B quc phngHc vin qun y

Chuyn ho lipid

Ni dung bI gingi cngTiu ho, hp thu v vn chuyn lipidChuyn ho acid bo2.1. - oxyho acid bo no, C chn (-O/TKSGK)2.2. Tng hp acid bo (bo tng, ty th)Chuyn ho triglycerid 3.1. Thoi ho TG3.2. Tng hp TGChuyn ho glycerophospholipid/ lecithinChuyn ho ca cc th cetonChuyn ho ca cholesterol

Vitamin A, D, E, K

I. Tiu ho, hp thu v vn chuyn lipidTiu ha lipid- Bt u t trng , ch yu rut nonA.mt, mui mt: - Nh tng ho lipid - Hat ho lipase

Cu trc ca nh tng

I. Tiu ho, hp thu v vn chuyn lipidTiu ha lipid- Bt u t trng , ch yu rut nonA.mt, mui mt: - Nh tng ho lipid - Hat ho lipaseTG Glycerol + 3 a.bo

Cholesterol este CholesterolTD + a.bo

GlyceroPL Glycerol + a.bo + H3PO4 + Base nit(Base nit: cholin, ethanolamin, serin, inositol)

Enzym: - lipase dch tu - 1 phn nh ca dch rut

S thu phn triglyceridTriglycerid

S thu phn cholesterol ester haCholesterol

Cu trc ca phospholipid

Hp thu phn cui ca rut non.Hp thu t do (a.bo < 10C, MG, glycerol,) NMRNTMCGanTi t bo NMRN Tip tc thu phn MG AB + Glycerol Ti tng hp lipid (# G v P)AcylCoA + glycerol TGCholesterol TD + a. bo Cholesterol E AB + glycerol + H3PO4 + base nit PL

Vn chuyn

4 dng vn chuyn lipoprotein: + Chylomicron + LP c t trng rt thp (VLDL - very low density lipoprotein) + LP c t trng thp (LDL - low density lipoprotein) + LP c t trng cao (HDL - high density lipoprotein)Cu trc ca lipoprotein

Ni dung bI gingi cngTiu ho, hp thu v vn chuyn lipidChuyn ho acid bo2.1. - oxyho acid bo no, C chn2.2. Tng hp acid bo (bo tng, ty th)Chuyn ho triglycerid 3.1. Thoi ho TG3.2. Tng hp TGChuyn ho glycerophospholipid/ lecithinChuyn ho ca cc th cetonChuyn ho ca cholesterol

2.1. - oxy ho Acid bo - Oxy ho AB no, C chnXy ra trong ty th ca t bo + Hot ho AB: AB + CoA + ATP Acyl CoA + AMP + PPi Ii. chuyn ho acid bo

+ Vn chuyn a.bo t bo tng ty th- Acyl CoA + Carnitin Acyl-Carnitin- Acyl-Carnitin chuyn t bo tng ty th - Gii phng Carnitin AcylCoA Vn chuyn acid bo vo trong ty th theo h thng vn chuyn acyl-carnitin/carnitin

+ - oxy ho AcylCoA (nC) trong ty th qua 4 phn ng

1. Kh hydro ln 1 to . -Dehydro Acyl CoA 2. Hp H2O to -Hydroxy Acyl CoA 3. Kh hydro ln 2 to -Ceto Acyl CoA 4. Phn ct -Ceto Acyl CoA Acyl CoA (n-2)C + Acetyl CoA (2C) ThiolaseAcyl CoA (n-2)C -> 1, 2, 3, 4 ->. -> Acyl CoA (4C) Acyl CoA (4C) => 2 Acetyl CoASn phm thu c: Acetyl CoA

+ Vng -Oxy ho

ngha -oxy ho acid boNng lng:+ 1 vng -Oxy ho: 5 ATP- f/ 1: 1 FADH2 qua HHTB 2 ATP- f/ 3: 1 NADH2 qua HHTB 3 ATP ATP = 5 ATP+ Oxy ho hon ton 1 acid bo c 2n C - S vng -OXH: (n -1) ATP= 5(n -1) - S Acetyl-CoA: n ATP= 12 n ATP = 17n 5Tr i 2ATP s dng hot ha ATP = 17n 7

Chuyn ho: Cung cp SPTG quan trng: AcetylCoA

CH3-CH2-CH2-CO~S-CoACH3-CH=CH-CO~CoA CH3-CH-CH2 -CO~S.CoAOH CH3-C-CH2-CO~S.CoAO 2 CH3-CO~S-CoAAcyl-CoA DHAcetyl-CoA CoA.HS -HydroxyacylCoA DHEnoyl HydraseFAD+FADH + H+HOHNAD+NADH + H+-CetoButyryl-CoA-HydroxyButyryl-CoA,-DehydroButyryl-CoA ( Enoyl-CoA)Thiolase Butyryl-CoA(1)(2)(3)(4)+ -Oxy ho butyric acid (2n=4C)2n C = 4 n=2S vng -OXH: 1 ATP= 5S Acetyl-CoA: 2 ATP=12x2= 24 Tr i 2ATP hot ha

ATP = 29

Nhn xt - oxy ho Acid bo1. Hot ha acid bo bo tng.2. Vn chuyn vo ty th theo h thng acyl-carnitin/carnitin.3. - oxy ho trong ty th qua 4 phn ng: Kh-Hp-Kh-Ct.4. Sn phm thu c: Acetyl CoA 5. Tng s nng lng: 17n - 7

2.2. Tng hp acid bo bo tng+ Nguyn liu: Acetyl-CoA/ Malonyl-CoA E* v/c nhm acyl (Acyl Carrier Protein - ACP) CoE kh NADPH2 (Pentose-P) & f/ t a.malic+ V/c t ty th -> Bo tng: nh citrat, carnitin+ Gm 6 f/:1. Carboxyl ho (+ CO2) Acetyl CoA Malonyl-CoA2. V/c acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA + E* Acetyl-E* + Malonyl-E*3. Ngng t, loi CO2 Acetoacetyl-E* (-CetoAcyl-E*)4. Acetoacetyl- E* kh Ceto to -Hydroxy Butyryl- E* (OH/C)5. Loi H2O, to -Dehydro Acyl- E* (Crotonyl-E*)6. Kh ln 2 bo ho LK =, to Butyryl E* (4C). f/ c lp li, ni di bng Malonyl-E* Acyl-E* (C Acid bo (C

Malonyl-CoA ATP; CO2ADP + PiHS-ACP (E*)1 Acetyl-CoA Acetoacetyl-E*Acetyl-E*-Hydroxy Butyryl-E*-Dehydro Acyl- E* Butyryl E*Acyl-E* (C

AcylCoA (C 16)

Tng hp acid bo trong ty th

IIi. chuyn ho triglycerid 3.1. Thoi ho triglycerid(TG) Thu phn TG: +Xy ra ch yu m m ( gan, thn). +Enzym : lipase tu

+ TG Glycerol + 3 Acid bo+ AB: - Oxy ho AcetylCoA Krebs (ATP) - Nguyn liu tng hp TG, Cholesterol este, PL

+ Glycerol tip tc thoi bin theo cc k/n:

Sau : Ngc, xui ng phn

3.2. Tng hp TG+ Xy ra bo tng ca TB/ (gan, t chc m ). + Nguyn liu: - T lipid: glycerol (TG), acid bo/acyl-CoA - T glucid: DOAP, GAP (sp ng phn)+ Cc f/: - To glycero phosphat: P glycerol hoc kh DOAP - To a. phosphatidic t f/: Glycero-P + acyl CoA - To diglycerid: loi H3PO4 ca a. phosphatidic - Diglycerid + Acyl.CoA Triglycerid+ ngha: tng hp lipid d tr cho c th.

S tng hp triglycerid

IV. Chuyn ho phospholipid (pl) Thoi ho PL (Lecithin/t chc) Lecithin LysolecithinGlycerophosphorylcholin (~)Glycerophosphat + cholin (?)Phospholipase ALysoPhospholipaseH2OH2O(~) esteraseR2COOHR1COOHH2ONc c rn: N P-Lipase A qu cao ->LysoLecithin -> Peroxy ho mng TB -> -> bn mng TB -> Tan mu

Cu trc ca phospholipid

S thu phn glycerophospholipid S thu phn lecithin

Tng hp lecithin (CS-TK)CholinPhosphoCholinXDP-CholinPhosphatidylCholin (Lecithin)ATPADPXTPPPiXMPDiglycerid(CH3)3N+-CH2-CH2OH ( hoc Ethanolamin)(CH3)3N+-CH2-CH2O- ( hoc P-ethanolamin)P(CH3)3N+-CH2-CH2O-XDP ( hocXDP-thanolamin) T Base nit (Cholin, Ethanolamin)PH.Ho

Acid PhosphatidicXDP-diglycerid Phosphatidyl cholin (Lecithin)Phosphatidyl serinPhosphatidyl ethanolaminXTPPPiXMPSerinCO2S-Adenosyl methioninS-Adenosyl homocysteinHOCH2-CHNH2-COOH (Serin)CH2O-COR1CHO-COR2CH2O- - OCH 2 CHNH2 - COOHP+ CH3 T acid Phosphatidic (Ch yu, quan trng & ?)1- GPL2- GPL3- GPL

v. Chuyn ho cc th ceton 3 th ceton: Aceton CH3COCH3

Acetoacetic acid (CH3COCH2COOH)

- hydroxybutyric acid (CH3CHOHCH2COOH)

Thoi ho cc th ceton Acetoacetat: => AcetoacetylCoA- 2 cch: + Hot ho (~ hot ho AB):(CH3-CO-CH2-COOH)CH3-CO-CH2-CO~SCoAATPAMP + PPiHSCoAAcetoacetatAcetoacetylCoA+ Nh succinylCoA:AcetoacetatAcetoacetylCoASuccinylCoAAcid SuccinicSuccinylCoA Acetoacetat transferasePhn ct Acetoacetyl-CoA = 2 AcetylCoA -> Krebs --> W

Tng hp cc th ceton (CS-TK)- gan, s /GK: -> - Acetyl-CoA, AB t do- NADH2

ThiokinaseATPCoAAcyl-CoA-Oxy ho-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA NADNADH2

On (Acetyl-CoA) 2 Acetyl-CoAAcetoAcetyl-CoACoACoAH2OHMG-CoAH2OCoAAcetoacetatLyaseHMG-CoA-HydroxybutyratNADH2NADDHKrebsCO2Acid bo TD

Aceton: : - Hm lng aceton rt thp/mu - Kh CO2 t pht Acetoacetat -> Aceton (ko c ngha sinh l)

o thi cc th cetonic acid + : N cc th ceton/mu, NT rt thp + Bnh l: Gp/i ko di, tiu ng. - Tng ceton mu: Khi N ceton > kh nng O ca chng/t chc -> Mu nhim acid (pH mu v NT ) - C ceton niu: pHNT < 5 (: pHNT 5-8)Aceton thi qua phi -> hi th c mi aceton/N.trng nng

Vi. Chuyn ho ca CholesterolVai trTng hp acid mt, mui mt + Gan: NL -> Tng hp a.M tin pht(Litocholic,chenodeoxycholic). + AM theo mt -> rut -> T/h a.M th pht: a.cholic, a.deoxycholic (tiu ho lipid). 1 phn a.M theo mu v gan -> chu trnh Rut-Gan.T/h hormon: H steroid v thng thn, tuyn sinh dc... T/h Vit. D3: nh nh sng mt tri Cholesterol => tin vita D3 -> t/h Vita D3Bi tit theo phn: Cholesterol (T, mt) di tc dng ca vi khun ng rut bin i thnh cholestanol, ri o thi theo phn.Este ho

+ huyt tng: nh lecithin cholesterol transferase (LCAT)P/ to cholesterol este t cholesterol TD c tc dng chng XVM. LCAT ( gan b tn thng) => cholesterol este ho -> -> Choles este/ Choles TP. Este ho+ t chc: (gan, v thng thn, rut non): Cholesterol este ho c thc hin nh f/ chuyn acyl:

Tng hp cholesterol+ gan (ch yu), v thng thn, rut, da, tinh hon+ NL: ch yu t Acetyl CoA (acetoacetat, alhydric acid)+ Coenzym cn thit: NADPH2 + Gm: 35 f/ Enzym, chia 3 giai on: - G1: T/hp acid Mevalonic t Acetyl-CoA - G 2: To Squalen (30 C) t acid Mevalonic - G 3: ng vng Squalen (-3C) to Cholesterol+ Bnh thng: Cholesterol TP = 3,9 4,9 mmol/l. tui, gii..+ Bnh l: /XVM

iu ho tng hp cholesterol

ch lipid 41a

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