ch03 notes

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8/19/2015 1 Crystals Space Lattice and Unit Cells Seven Different Crystal Systems Overview of Unit Cells Cubic Unit Cell a=b=c α = β = γ = 90 0 Tetragonal a =b c α = β = γ = 90 0 Simple Body Centered Face centered Simple Body Centered Figure 3.2

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Notes for IUPUI ME 344

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Page 1: Ch03 Notes

8/19/2015

1

CrystalsSpace Lattice and Unit Cells

Seven Different Crystal Systems Overview of Unit Cells

• Cubic Unit Cell a = b = c

α = β = γ = 900

• Tetragonal a =b ≠ c

α = β = γ = 900

Simple Body Centered

Face centered

Simple Body Centered

Figure 3.2

Page 2: Ch03 Notes

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2

Types of Unit Cells (Cont..)

• Orthorhombic a ≠ b ≠ c

α = β = γ = 900

• Rhombohedral a =b = c

α = β = γ ≠ 900

Simple Base Centered

Face Centered

Body Centered

Figure 3.2

Simple

Types of Unit Cells (Cont..)

• Hexagonal a = b ≠ c

α = β = 900,  γ = 120 

• Monoclinic a ≠ b ≠ c

α = γ = 900 , β ≠ 90

• Triclinic a ≠ b ≠ c

α ≠ β ≠ γ ≠ 900

Simple

Simple

Simple

BaseCentered

Figure 3.2

BCC Atomic Packing Factor

Page 3: Ch03 Notes

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3

Elements with BCC Hexagonal Close‐Packed Structure

HCP 1st Layer

Page 4: Ch03 Notes

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4

Interstitial Spaces Second Layer

HCP 3rd LayerElements with HCP Structure at Room 

Temperature

Page 5: Ch03 Notes

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Face Centered Cubic (FCC) Crystal Structure

Figure 3.6 a&b

FCC 

Cubic Closest Packing1st two layers identical to HCP

But now third layer is different(covers remaining holes of first layer)

Only slightly differentHCP and CCP only differ by the C layer. HCP only has two types of layerswhile CCP has three.

A

A

A

B B

C

Page 6: Ch03 Notes

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6

Elements with CCP crystal structures at room temp.

Figure 3.10 b

Direction Indicies

(3/4, 0, 1/4)(1/4,1/2,1/2)

Page 7: Ch03 Notes

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7

Families Miller Indicies

1/32/3

Distances between planes

Page 8: Ch03 Notes

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8

Planes and Directions in Hexagonal Unit Cells

Figure 3.16

Hexagonal Unit Cell ‐ Examples

Directions Volume Density

Page 9: Ch03 Notes

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9

Linear Atomic Density Planar Atomic Density

Crystal Structure Analysis

35 KV

X‐Ray Spectrum of Molybdenum

Figure 3.26

Page 10: Ch03 Notes

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10

Example spectrumX‐Ray Diffraction

ExamplesInterpret Diffraction Data

Page 11: Ch03 Notes

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11

Diffraction Data

BCC Reflecting Planes

This demonstrates simple analysis, actual analysis studiesintensity, width, shape, location