ch1 introduction to concrete

8/3/2019 Ch1 Introduction to Concrete

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Lab of Concrete Materials, Mechanics and Engineering

Yonsei University

Introduction to Concretentroduction to Concrete(A review)A review)

Ha-Won SongSchool of Civil and Env. Eng.

Yonsei University

Behavior of ConcreteBehavior of Concrete


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Sustainable development is development that meets the

needs of the present without compromising the ability offuture generations to meet their own needs.

What is sustainable development?hat is sustainable development?The Brundtland report (1987):

In other words:

Sustainable development is about ensuring abetter quality of life for everyone, now and for

generations to come.Government of the United Kingdom


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Sustainable developmentustainable development the triple bottom linehe triple bottom line

The challenge is to link and balance the interdependent

economic, social and environmental dimensions.

Environmental

Performance

Social

Responsibility

Economic Growth

The Brundtland definition implied a shift from an idea ofsustainability as primarily environmental, to a frameworkthat also emphasizes economic and social issues.


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TodayTodays World Averages World Average

Ordinary Portland Cement(OPC)

1.500 kg natural minerals

limestone, clay, bauxite,

gypsum

4.800 MJ fossil fuels

coal, oil, gas

900 kg

CO2

1.000 kgOPC cement

SD challenges for the cementD challenges for the cementindustryndustry

Cement companies deal daily witha diverse set of business issues:

climate change,

employee health and safety, emissions,

resource efficiency and landuse.

Cement industry must understandand meet societys increasingexpectations for responsiblebusinesses.

Sustainable development provides a framework for addressing

these key environmental, economic and social issues.

Cement is an essentialmaterial, but itsmanufacture is a resourceand energy intensive

process.


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Imagine The Civilized World Withoutmagine The Civilized World WithoutConcreteoncrete


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Creating a balance in

satisfying the two importantneeds of society

Building aninfrastructure to

support our

desired standardof living

Protection of ourenvironment and

efficient use of

our naturalresources

In Balance


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Concrete is the Material of Choiceoncrete is the Material of Choiceoncrete is the Material of ChoiceAvailability

VersatilityCost Effective

Can Be Durable


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Culture and designCulture and design


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Sports Palace in Romeports Palace in Rome

Nervi was a pioneer of ferro-cemento or reinforced

mortar, where thin metallicmeshes are embedded in a

mortar to form structuralelements with high ductility

and crack-resistance


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Design workesign work

Thin panels were created with great flexibility, elasticity, andstrength capacity. The Palazzo dello Sport built with a 100-

m span and seating for 16,000 is a beautiful example ofusing such structural system.


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World Trade CenterSeptember 11, 2001

Collapse of total str. (Oh no!)Local damage


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Energy Considerationsnergy ConsiderationsEnergy content charged to concrete

kwh/m3 kwh/ton

Cement,

250 to 500 kg/m3 concrete

330-660 137-275

Aggregate

1750-1950 kg/m3

20 8

Production and handling

concrete

90 37

TOTAL 440-770 182-320

In these calculations the energy content of cement is assumed to be 1300 kwh/ton.The energy content of steel is 8000 kwh/ton; six times the amount of cement and 25-40 times of concrete.

Reinforced concrete: 800-3200 kwh/m3 Prestressed concrete: 700-1700 kwh/m3

Example:Example: 1m-high column resisting a 1000 ton load:Unreinforced concrete: 70 liters of oil, Brick: 210 liters of oilSteel: 320 liters of oil


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Asphalt

Concrete

Wood

Steel

Glass

Plastic

Aluminum

Competitive Alternate MaterialsCompetitive Alternate Materials

It is estimated that the present

consumption of concrete in the world is ofthe order of 10 billion tonnes (12 billiontons) every year.

Humans consume no material except waterin such tremendous quantities


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Recently, severe deteriorations in concrete structures, such asbridges, buildings etc., has been criticized in major mass media in

Korea : Korea is the Republic of Concrete .

However


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Environmental issue..nvironmental issue..

Same in Japan


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Recently, early deterioration of concrete structures, such as bridges,tunnels, etc., has become a big problem criticized in mass media in

Japan. Concrete Structures are Dangerous

Same in Japan .

Same in the world too!


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War against Corrosion of Concrete Structures in All Over the

World

Same in the world, too!


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Who are responsible for the sustainable

development?

Who are responsible for the problem of

concrete structures? and

What can you do to solve this problem?

Understanding of concrete behavior!nderstanding of concrete behavior!


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Microstructure of Concrete

Structural Performance

Durability

Birth

Death

Life Cycle OF CONCRETEife Cycle OF CONCRETE

ch1 introduction to concrete

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