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CH1019 Chemical Process Technology
Lecture4b
Chapter3Fer0lizerIndustries
BalasubramanianSAssistantProfessor(OG)DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
Chapter3 FERTILIZERINDUSTRIES
Nitrogenindustries
Phosphorousindustries
Potassiumindustries
1
2
Overview of topics
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3
Chapter3 FERTILIZERINDUSTRIES
Nitrogenindustries
Phosphorousindustries
Potassiumindustries
1
2
Overview of topics
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3
Fertilizer industries – Phosphorous
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Phosphorousinelementalformandinitsmany
productsisderivedfromcommercialdepositsof
phosphaterockinthemineralformFluorapa0te
[Ca10(PO4)6F2].
Fertilizer industries – Phosphorous
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Majorproductsofphosphateindustryare:
- Phosphorous
- Phosphoricacid
- Ammoniumphosphate
- Nitrophosphate
- Calciumphosphate
- Sodiumphosphate
- Triplesuperphosphate
Fertilizer industries – Phosphorous
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PhosphorouscontentofrockisexpressedaspercentageP2O5
Manufacturingmethods:
- Produc0onofelementalphosphorous,phosphorouspentoxide,and
phosphoricacidbyelectricfurnacemethod.
- Produc0onofphosphoricacidandchemicalferi0lizerfrom
phosphaterockbystrongacidprocess.
- Produc0onofphosphorousacidbyHCLleaching
Fertilizer industries – Phosphorous
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PhosphorouscontentofrockisexpressedaspercentageP2O5
Grinder
Produc0onofphosphorousacidbyHCLleaching
Fertilizer industries – Phosphorous
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Majorstepsintheprocess
- Grindingthephosphaterock
- DissolvingpowderedphosphaterockinHCl
- Removal(orwashing)offumesofCO2,HFandHClinseriesofmixer/
thickener.
- Extrac0onofH3PO4andrecoveryofHClinseriesofevaporators
(Mul0pleeffectevaporators)
- Concentra0onofH3PO4
- RemovalofCaCl2aswasteaberextrac0on
Fertilizer industries – Phosphorous
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ManufactureofSuperphosphateandTriplesuperphosphate
Superphosphate–madebyreac0ngphosphaterockwithsulfuricacid
Triplesuperphosphate-madebyreac0ngphosphaterockwith
phosphoricacid.
The phosphorus content of triple superphosphate (17 - 23% P; 44 to 52%
P2O5)isthereforegreaterthanthatofsuperphosphate(7-9.5%P;16to22%
P2O5). It is produced in granular and nongranular form and is used both in
fer0lizerblends(withpotassiumandnitrogenfer0lizers)andbyitself.
Fertilizer industries – Phosphorous
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ManufactureofSuperphosphateandTriplesuperphosphate
AmajoruseofTSPisinsitua0onswhereseveralsolidfer0lizersareblended
together for broadcas0ng on the soil surface or for applica0on in a
concentratedbandbeneaththesurface.Itisalsodesirableforfer0liza0onof
leguminouscrops,suchasalfalfaorbeans,wherenoaddi0onalNfer0liza0on
isneededtosupplementbiologicalNfixa0on.
Fertilizer industries – Phosphorous
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ManufactureofSuperphosphateandTriplesuperphosphate
Cyclone
Cyclone
Sulfur Industries
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References
1. DrydenC.E,OutlinesofChemicaltechnology–forthe21stCentury,3rdedi0on,East-WestPress(2004)
2. Aus0nG.T,Shreve’sChemicalProcessIndustries,5thedi0on,McGrawHillInterna0onaledi0ons(1984)