Ch.11: Civil War 1861-1865

Everything Bold, Italics should go on the Battle Chart

Introduction Long Term Causes (SP) Short Term Causes Immediate Cause Lincoln’s War Aim States’ Rights Star of the West 1/1861 Fort Sumter: 4/1861 Border States Copperheads Habeus Corpus North Advantages (SP) South Advantages (SP) Anaconda Plan (1,2,3) Financing the War War of Attrition Confederate Plan Bull Run: 7/1861 Ulysses S. Grant Unconditional Surrender Shiloh: March 1862 Monitor vs. Merrimack: 3/1862 Tech. Advancements

Ironclad

Battle of New Orleans: 4/1862 Robert E. Lee Antietam: 9/1862 Native Americans England(SP) Radical Republicans Lincoln’s New War Aim Emancipation Proclamation: 1/1863 (SP) African American Soldiers

54th Conscription Draft Riots: 3/1863 Homestead Act 1862 Andersonville Clara Barton Chancellorsville: 5/1863 Gettysburg: 7/1-7/3/1863 Vicksburg: 7/3/1863

Civil War Gettysburg Address: 11/1863 William Tecumseh Sherman

Total War March to Sea: 1864-1865 1864 Election Andrew Johnson Battles of Ft. Fisher: Dec. 1864 &

Jan. 1865 Battle of Ft. Anderson: Feb 18-

19, 1865 Richmond Appomattox Courthouse: 4/5/1865 Ford’s Theater: 4/10/1865 John Wilkes Booth Results of Civil War Economic Changes Conclusion

Ch. 11 NC Competency Goals

US 3.01: Trace the economic, social, and political events from the Mexican War to the outbreak of the Civil War.

US 3.02: Analyze and assess the causes of the Civil War. US 3.03: Identify political and military turning points of the Civil War and

assess their significance to the outcome of the conflict.

Student ObjectivesBy the end of this chapter, students will be able to:

1. Identify & explain the key terms on pages345, 350, 356, 365 & 371;2. Identify & explain the long & short terms causes of the war;3. Analyze the advantaged for both the Union & Confederacy;4. Identify & explain the significance of key battles;5. Identify major personalities in the Union & Confederacy;6. Asses the toll of the war on life at home, life of the soldiers, economy, politics

& slavery7. Analyze the assassination of Lincoln & determine its affect on the outcome of

the war

“Whatever may be the result of the contest, I foresee that the country will have to pass through a terrible

ordeal…for our national sins.”

- Robert E. Lee Confederate General

“A house divided cannot stand. I believe this government cannot

endure half slave & half free.”

- President Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln’s war aim was to preserve the Union

Fort Sumter 4/12/1861 Lincoln would not abandon nor

reinforce Ft. Sumter, but sent food

Davis’ decision Nothing – jeopardize cause Acted – “peaceful” secession would turn

into war

Skirmish at the fort leads to more states seceding from the Union.

Habeus Corpus

Constitutional right to appear before a judge – ignored by Lincoln

Allows him to jail anti-war protestors…found to be unconstitutional

Jefferson Davis does it too!!

Battle of Bull Run 7/21/1861

30,000 Union soldiers to Richmond run into Confederate army (both inexperienced)

1st major battle of the Civil War

Fought outside Washington, DC

South wins & Boosts morale

South thought the war was over & went home

Shiloh: March, 1862 TN/MS border

Confederate forces surprise Union soldiers making coffee

Union victory

Showed the importance of scouting & trenching

Showed just how bloody the war was going to be

25% Union soldiers wounded or killed

“A Very Bloody Affair”

Monitor & Merrimack: March 1862 1st ironclad warships: Wooden frames w/metal plates

C: Merrimack (aka – Virginia) U: Monitor Union Victory Beginning of the modern navy South is unable to end the blockade!

Technological Advancements Breech loading musket Rifle (Accurate/deadly) Ironclad: Wooden ship with metal

plates Ammo (minie ball) Flame Throwers Machine Gun Reason for so many casualties Hand grenades/land mines

Battlefield Medicine

Treatment 1-2 days No antiseptic Dr.’s 1st experience “Sawbones” Stomach wounds = death Amputations Death from Diseases

Premier (90%) Tetanus (87%) Gangrene

Opium, Whiskey, Quinine

Antietam:September

1862 Lee moving toward DC

2nd Battle of Bull Run & crossed into MD

Lee’s plans found – Jackson & Lee separated

Singled bloodies day fighting in the Civil War

26,000 men died in one day

Emancipation Proclamation: 1/1/1863 Freed slaves

But not all Only in Confederate states not

under Union control Slavery in border states

Why? Gives war moral cause More support from Europe

“if that what it took to save the Union.”

Dem. – Prolong war Davis: determined to fight until the

end, no turning back

54th

1st all African American regiment

Massachusetts

Col. Robert G. Shaw

Frederick Douglass

Conscription

Both North & South draft men into the military

1st draft (N & S)

92% North was volunteers

Every citizen had obligation to defend nation

Can substitute someone else to fight in your place

Pay to get out of service

Draft Riots March, 1863

“Rich man’s war – poor man’s fight”

Riots in NY: 100 dead Direct result of conscription Mainly in North

Home Sweet Home Decline of plantation system

African Americans refusing to work etc.

Food shortages/riots Blockade, no slaves

Most men did not return

Women & children left

High Taxes

Worthless money

Low morale

Calls for peace

Home Sweet Home Standard of living declined

Homestead Act 1862: Union giving free land in the west to expand Union influence

Trying to gain more support in territories

Some industry up

Influx of slaves

Andersonville

Southern POW camp (GA) known for its terrible conditions

Rather die than got here 33,000 men on 26 acres

12, 000 died South couldn’t afford to take care

of POW’s North had problems as well

Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863 Bloody 3-day battle

Lee invades the North

Union Victory

Turning point of the war

Lee’s worst defeat & the South will never invade the North again.

Results of Gettysburg

30% of total men lost 23,000 Union 28,000 Confederate

Vicksburg: July 3, 1863

Grant ordered destruction of rail lines to distract South away from port city

Mississippi

Confederate soldiers asking to give up (no food)

Union takes control of the Mississippi River & divides the Confederacy

Gettysburg Address: 11/1863Dedication of battlefield – defined the goals of the war

“…The world will little note, not long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here...

William Tecumseh Sherman

“Boys, this is old South Carolina. Let’s give her Hell!” - Sherman to troops when entering SC

Union general who introduced modern warfare

Total War: Destroy everything Attack civilian targets, not civilians

“You cannot judge war in harsher terms than I will. War is cruelty and you cannot refine it, and those who brought war into our country deserve all the curses and maledictions a people can pour out.”

- Sherman regarding the expulsion of civilians from Atlanta

March to Sea: 1864-65

Sherman marched from Georgia to the Atlantic Ocean destroying all property along the way

Destroyed South, crushed morale

25,000 slaves Destroyed SC (where

treason started) Gave food & supplies to NC Northern Victory

“Total War”

Election of 1864 Lincoln not liked

Length of war, # dead

Lincoln wins

Andrew Johnson: V.P.

Lincoln working on a plan to reunite the nation after the war, but he will never live to see it set into motion

“…but one of them would rather make war than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war than let it [Union]

perish, and the war came.” Abraham Lincoln, 2nd Inaugural

Address 3/4/1865

Fall of Richmond

Sherman & Grant marching to Richmond

Davis flees & sets city on fire Richmond falls 1865

Last of the Anaconda Plan to be achieved

Appomattox CourthouseApril 5, 1865

Lee surrenders to Grant

Within 1 month, all remaining Confederate resistance collapsed

Ford’s Theatre 4/10/1865

Lincoln to watch

“Our American Cousin” John Wilkes Booth

assassinates Lincoln 5 days after

Appomattox Dies next morning Booth found next day

& killed

April 1865

After hearing of Lincoln’s death, Jefferson Davis rides through the

South attempting to ignite the war – failed!

ANDREW JOHNSON

Becomes President after Lincoln’s death

Left to deal with the rebuilding of the country

Results of War 600,000 casualties Union won because of attrition 8 different Union generals Takes south decades to recover No clear plan concerning reconstruction North had positive effects due to industry Uncertain future for veterans

Economic Changes High inflation

Confederate 9,000%, Union 179%

End of slavery & slave labor

Southern landscape was decimated

Widened economic gap btwn. N&S