ch13-afm391w2016

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

1/54

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

2/54

2

Current Defnition andCharacteristics

I!"# and A#$E currently define a lia%ilityas&• An o%ligation of an enter'rise

• Arising fro 'ast transactions or e(ents

• T)e settleent of *)ic) ay result in t)etransfer or use of assets+ 'ro(ision of

ser(ices+ or ot)er yielding of econoic%enefits in t)e future

2

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

3/54

3

Current Defnition andCharacteristics

T)e current definition descri%es t)reeessential c)aracteristics of a lia%ility as&,- Duty or res'onsi%ility re.uiring t)e transfer

or use of an asset or 'ro(ision of a ser(iceor gi(ing u' ot)er econoic %enefits to %esettled on a deterina%le date or on t)eoccurrence of an e(ent or on deand

/- T)ere is little or no discretion to a(oid t)e o%ligation

0- O%ligation arises fro a transaction or e(ent*)ic) )as already occurred

3

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

4/54

4

Financial Liabilities

• !inancial lia%ility is any lia%ility t)at is acontractual o%ligation to eit)er&,- deli(er cas) or ot)er financial assets to anot)er

'arty+ or/- to e1c)ange financial instruents *it) anot)er 'arty

under conditions t)at are 'otentially unfa(oura%le

• Measureent rules are significantly different

%ased on *)et)er t)e lia%ility is consideredfinancial or non2financial

4

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

5/54

5

Measurement o Financial !s"Non#Financial Liabilities

• !inancial lia%ilities 3 Initially easured at fair (alue

3 #u%se.uent easureent generally at aorti4ed

cost 5e1ce't t)ose )eld for trading+ suc) asderi(ati(es+ *)ere fair (alue is used6

• Non2financial lia%ilities 3 A#$E& no s'ecific easureent standards

5easureent (aries %ased on nature of lia%ility6 3 I!"#& easured at %est estiate of 'ayent t)at

*ould %e re.uired to settle t)e o%ligation at t)e dateof t)e stateent of financial 'osition

5

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

6/54

6

Current Liabilities

• 7nder I!"#+ lia%ilities are classified as current *)en t)eyeet any one of t)e follo*ing conditions&

,- E1'ected to %e settled *it)in noral o'erating cycle

/- Held 'riarily for trading0- Due *it)in ,/ ont)s fro t)e end of t)e re'orting 'eriod

8- No unconditional rig)t to defer settleent for at least ,/ont)s after t)e date of t)e stateent of financial

'osition• A#$E )as no s'ecific definition %ut )as t)e sae intent

alt)oug) t)ere ay %e inor differences in a''lication

6

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

7/54

7

$an% Indebtedness

• 9ine2of2credit 5re(ol(ing de%t6• :enerally+ an agreeent entered *it) t)e

%ank t)at allo*s ulti'le %orro*ings u' to

a negotiated liit• "e'ayents ade *)ene(er t)ere are

sufficient funds a(aila%le

• Aount %orro*ed re'orted on t)e %alances)eet; a(aila%ility of funds and restrictionsi'osed %y t)e financial institutionre.uires note disclosure

7

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

8/54

8

Accounts &a'able

• Aounts o*ed for goods+ su''lies orser(ices 'urc)ased on o'en account

• :enerally recorded *)en title )as 'assed

• "ecorded at aount 'aya%le

8

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

9/54

9

Notes &a'able

• Notes 'aya%le are *ritten 'roises to 'ay asu of oney on a s'ecified future date

• Arises fro 'urc)ases+ financing or ot)er

transactions• Notes 'aya%le ay %e classified as eit)ercurrent or long2ter

• Notes 'aya%le ay %e interest2%earing or 4ero2

interest2%earing 5non2interest2%earing6• In %ot) cases+ interest e1'ense is deterined

*)ene(er financial stateents are 're'ared

9

I $ i

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

10/54

10

Interest#$earin( Notes &a'able ) E*am+le

:i(en&

9andsca'e Cor'- %orro*s note on Marc) ,

"ecord t)e follo*ing ?ournal entries&

• #igning of note

• Interest accrual at @une 0= year end• Note re'ayent

10

I $ i

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

11/54

11

Interest#$earin( Notes &a'able ) E*am+le

11

Marc) ,&Cas) ,==+===

Notes $aya%le ,==+===

@une 0=&Interest E1'ense 8+=== Interest $aya%le 8+===5,==+=== ,/> 8B,/6

@uly ,&Notes $aya%le ,==+===

Interest $aya%le 8+===

Cas) ,=8+===

, I t t $ i

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

12/54

12

,ero#Interest#$earin( Notes &a'able

• !or 4ero2interest2%earing notes+ t)edifference %et*een t)e 'resent (alue oft)e note and t)e face (alue of t)e note

re'resents t)e interest

• T)e interest e1'ense is recorded o(er t)elife of t)e note

12

, I t t $ i

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

13/54

13

,ero#Interest#$earin( Notes &a'able ) E*am+le

:i(en&

9andsca'e Cor'- issues a

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

14/54

14


14

Marc) ,&

Cas) +,F8

Notes $aya%le +,F8

@une 0=&

Interest E1'ense 0+G8

Notes $aya%le 0+G8

, I t t $ i

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

15/54

15


15

@uly ,&

Notes $aya%le ,==+===

Cas) ,==+===

In effect+

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

16/54

16

Current Maturities o Lon(#Term Debt

• T)e 'ortion of long2ter de%t aturing *it)in ,/ont)s fro t)e date of t)e stateent of financial'osition is re'orted as a current lia%ility

• $ortions of long2ter de%ts s)ould not %e re'ortedas current lia%ilities if+ %y contract+ t)ey are retired%y assets not classified as current assets

• Any lia%ility due on deand+ or due on deand

*it)in a year or o'erating cycle+ is re'orted as acurrent lia%ility

16

-h t T D bt E t d t

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

17/54

17

-hort#Term Debt E*+ected tobe Refnanced

• I!"# )as ore stringent rules t)an A#$E• 7nder I!"#+ de%t due *it)in ,/ ont)s is

classified as current+ unless at t)e date of t)estateent of financial 'osition t)e co'any )ast)e intent and a rig)t 5under e1isting contract+and solely in its discretion6 to refinance *it)long2ter de%t

• 7nder A#$E+ currently aturing de%t can %eclassified as long2ter if t)ere is irrefuta%lee(idence *)en t)e financial stateents areco'leted t)at t)e de%t )as %een or *ill %e con(erted to long2ter de%t

17

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

18/54

18

Di!idends &a'able

• Cas) Di(idend 3 ecoes legal o%ligation on declaration date 3 Classified as current lia%ility

• $referred Di(idends in Arrears

3 Cuulati(e 'referred di(idends t)at )a(e not %een declaredre.uire note disclosure

3 Not recogni4ed as a lia%ility

• #tock Di(idends 3 Not a lia%ility; does not eet t)e definition of a lia%ility as no

future outlays of assetsBser(ices 3 "ecorded only t)roug) e.uity accounts 3 i-e- re'resents a

transfer of e.uity fro retained earnings to contri%uted ca'ital

18

R t R t

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

19/54

19

Rents an Ro'a t es&a'able

• JT)is ty'e of lia%ility ay %e created %y acontractual agreeent in *)ic) 'ayentsare conditional on t)e aount of re(enue

t)at is earned or t)e .uantity of 'roductt)at is 'roduced or e1tracted-

• E1a'les include t)e follo*ing& 3

!ranc)isees often 'ay t)e franc)isor franc)isefees calculated as a 'ercentage of sales 3 Tenants in s)o''ing centres ay %e re.uired

to 'ay additional rents %ased on sales

19

t A

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

20/54

20

ustomer A !ances anDe+osits

• Custoers ay 'ay de'osits t)atguarantee t)e 'ayent of e1'ected futureo%ligations or t)e 'erforance of a future

ser(ice• T)ey are classified as eit)er current or

non2current lia%ilities de'ending on t)e

s'ecific conditions attac)ed to t)e de'osit

20

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

21/54

21

Goods and -er!ices Ta*./-T0G-T1

• Most %usinesses in Canada are su%?ect to :oods and#er(ices Ta1 5:#T6 or Haroni4ed #ales Ta1 5H#T6 3 #ince @uly ,+ /==G+ :#T is calculated at a rate of F> 3 Ontario H#T is ,0> effecti(e @uly ,+ /=,=

• H#TB:#T is c)arged %y eac) ta1a%le entity t)us%usinesses 'ay H#TB:#T and also c)arge H#TB:#Tto t)eir custoers 3 H#TB:#T $aya%le& aount collected on eligi%le sales 3 H#TB:#T "eco(era%le& H#TB:#T 'aid on eligi%le

'urc)ases 5also referred to as Jin'ut ta1 credit6• T)e Net aount of t)e H#TB:#T $aya%le and

H#TB:#T "eco(era%le accounts is reitted to 5duefro6 Canada "e(enue Agency 5C"A6

21

E R t

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

22/54

22

Em+ o'ee#Re ateLiabilities

• E'loyee2related lia%ilities include t)efollo*ing&• #alaries or *ages o*ed to e'loyees at end

of t)e accounting 'eriod• $ayroll deductions o*ed to C"A and ot)ers• #)ort2ter co'ensated a%sences• $rofit2s)aring and %onuses

• 7sually re'orted as current lia%ilities

22

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

23/54

23

&a'roll Deductions

• $ayroll deductions include statutory and discretionarydeductions

• #tatutory 5andatory6 deductions include&

• Canada 5Lue%ec6 $ension $lan C$$BL$$

• E'loyent Insurance 5EI6

• Incoe Ta1 Wit))olding 5!ederal and $ro(incial6

• Discretionary deductions ig)t include&• Insurance 'reius

• 7nion dues

• 7ntil t)ese deductions are reitted to t)e go(ernent orot)er entity+ t)ey are re'orted as current lia%ilities

23

ort Term om+ensate

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

24/54

24

ort#Term om+ensate Absences

• Co'ensated a%sences are a%sences froe'loyent for *)ic) e'loyees are 'aid

• T)ere are t*o ain ty'es& 3 Accuulating

• E'loyee rig)ts accruing *it) e'loyee ser(ice 5e-g-(acation and statutory )olidays6

• E1'ense and lia%ility recogni4ed as earned %y e'loyees

3 Non2accuulating• E'loyee rig)ts %ased on occurrence of o%ligating e(ent

5e-g- disa%ility+ 'arental lea(e+ etc-6• E1'ense and lia%ility recogni4ed at tie of o%ligating e(ent• 7se %est estiate of future 'ay rates to estiate

future lia%ility 5often+ current rates of 'ay are used6

24

Decommissionin( and

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

25/54

25

Decommissionin( andRestoration Obli(ations

• O%ligation associated *it) retireent of a long2li(edasset ust %e recogni4ed *)en incurred

• E1isting legal o%ligations include t)ose related to&,- Decoissioning nuclear facilities+

/- Disantling+ restoring+ and reclaation of oil and gas'ro'erties+

0- Certain closure+ reclaation+ and reo(al costs ofining facilities+ and

8- Closure and 'ost2closure costs of landfills-

• T)is lia%ility is also referred to as an assetretireent o%ligation 5A"O6 or site restorationo%ligation

25

Decomm ss on n( an

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

26/54

26

Decomm ss on n( anRestoration Obli(ations

• A#$E recogni4es cost of legal o%ligations only *)ileI!"# also includes constructi(e o%ligations

• Initial easureent at J%est estiate of t)e e1'enditurere.uired to settle t)e 'resent o%ligation at t)e re'orting

date 3 Need to discount future costs 5i-e- 'resent (alue6

• "ecognition and allocation 3 Ca'itali4ed costs are not recorded in se'arate

account• Added to t)e carrying aount of t)e underlying asset• Aorti4ed o(er underlying assets useful life

26

Decomm ss on n( an

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

27/54

27


• Interest ust also %e recorded %ecauset)e o%ligation is initially recorded andre'orted at its 'resent (alue 5$6

3 Calculated using t)e sae rate used tocalculate t)e $ 5t)e discount rate6

• T)is interest cost classified as& 3 Interest E1'ense 5under I!"#6 3 Accretion E1'ense 5under A#$E6

27

Decomm ss on n( an

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

28/54

28


• If t)e A"O increases as t)e underlyingasset is used+ t)e estiated increase incost is added to&

3 $roduction o(er)ead costs 5under I!"#6 3 T)e carrying (alue of t)e underlying asset

5under A#$E6

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

29/54

29

Restoration Obli(ations )E*am+le

29

:i(en&• Oil $latfor erected @anuary ,+ /=,8• $latfor ust %e disantled at t)e end of t)e

useful life of F years• Estiated cost of disantling& caused %y t)e asset ac.uisition itself;/=> caused %y use of 'latfor in 'roduction6

• Discount rate& ,=>• $ of t)e disantling cost 5A"O6&

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

30/54

30

Restoration Obli(ations )E*am+le@ournal entry to recogni4e A"O+ @an ,+ /=,8&

Drilling $latfor 8+P0

Asset "etireent O%ligation 8+P0

5Drilling $latfor is t)e underlying asset account65

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

31/54

31


31

Year2end ad?ustent 5Dece%er 0,+ /=,86&

Interest E1'ense 5I!"#6 8+P8

or

Accretion E1'ense 5A#$E6 8+P8

Asset "etireent O%ligation 8+P85

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

32/54

32


"ecord #ettleent+ @anuary /=,&

Asset "etireent O%ligation ,+===+===:ain on #ettleent of A"O F+===

Cas) F+===

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

33/54

33

Unearned Re!enues

• W)en cas) is recei(ed before t)e 'roduct is deli(ered orser(ice is rendered+ a current lia%ility called Junearnedre(enue is created 3 E1a'les include gift certificates+ 're'ayents for su%scri'tions

etc-• W)en cas) is recei(ed&

D" Cas)

C" 7nearned "e(enue

• W)en re(enue is earned 5ser(ice or good is 'ro(ided6D" 7nearned "e(enue

C" "e(enue

33

&roduct Guarantees and

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

34/54

34

&roduct Guarantees and2arrant' Obli(ations

• A continuing o%ligation results *)en an entity'ro(ides custoer 'rogras re.uiring t)at goods orser(ices %e 'ro(ided after t)e initial 'roduct or ser(iceis deli(ered

• T)ere are t*o a''roac)es to accounting for t)eoutstanding lia%ility 3 E1'ense a''roac)

• 9ia%ility is easured at t)e cost of eeting t)e o%ligation+and t)e estiated e1'ense is atc)ed against 'eriod

re(enues 5current6 3 "e(enue a''roac)

• 9ia%ility is easured at (alue of t)e ser(ice to %e 'ro(ided 5not cost6 and recogni4ed in re(enue as earned 5future6

34

&roduct Guarantees and

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

35/54

35

&roduct Guarantees and2arrant' Obli(ations

• Warranty 5'roduct guarantee6 is a 'roiseade %y a seller to correct 'ro%lese1'erienced *it) a 'roducts .uantity+

.uality+ or 'erforance• T)ese are stand2ready o%ligations at

re'orting date t)at result in future J'ost2

sale costs

35

E*+ense A++roac

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

36/54

36

E*+ense A++roac )E*am+le

:i(en&• Warranty 'ro(ided at no additional c)arge and all

re(enues considered earned at tie of sale

• 7nits sold in /=,8& ,== units at

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

37/54

37

E*+ense A++roacE*am+le

Warranty E1'ense "ecognition 5Tie of #ale6&No entry ade

Actual Warranty Costs in /=,8&Warranty E1'ense 8+===Cas)BIn(entoryB$ayroll 8+===

Year2end ad?usting entry+ Dec 0,+ /=,8&

Warranty E1'ense ,+===Estiated Warranty 9ia%ility ,+===

37

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

38/54

38

2arrant' Obli(ations#Use oCash $asis

• Warranty costs c)arged to t)e 'eriod in*)ic) t)e costs are 'aid 3 No estiated lia%ility recorded or re'orted

• Only acce'ta%le for accounting 'ur'oses*)en& 3 Warranty costs are iaterial+ or

3 Warranty 'eriod is relati(ely s)ort

• "e.uired for incoe ta1 'ur'oses

38

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

39/54

39

2arrant' -old -e+aratel'

• A''lies to e1tended 'roduct *arranties or*arranties sold as a se'arate 'roduct or)a(e stand2alone (alue

• Accounted for using re(enue a''roac) 3 "e(enue fro *arranty sale deferred

3 "ecogni4ed o(er life of t)e *arranty generally

using straig)t2line et)od

39

Re!enue A++roac

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

40/54

40

Re!enue A++roac )E*am+le

:i(en&• Date of sale of e.ui'ent& @anuary /+ /=,8• Total sale 'rice of e.ui'ent including t*o year

*arranty&

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

41/54

41

Re!enue A++roac )E*am+le

"ecord t)e initial sale on @anuary /+ /=,8&Cas) /=+=== #ales

"e(enue ,G+G== 7nearned Warranty"e(enue ,+/==

41

"ecogni4e *arranty re(enue in /=,8&7nearned Warranty "e(enue ==

Warranty "e(enue ==

5

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

42/54

42

ustomer Lo'a t'&ro(rams

• Many co'anies offer custoer loyalty 'rogras5suc) as fre.uent flyer iles+ discounts+ etc-6

• 7nder I!"#+ re(enues fro original sales t)at gi(erise to loyalty 'oints 5or ot)er a*ard credits6 s)ould%e allocated %et*een t)e t*o co'onents

• !air (alue of a*ard credits s)ould %e deferred asunearned re(enue and recogni4ed *)ene1c)anged for 'roised re*ards

• W)ile A#$E does not )a(e a s'ecific standard onloyalty 'rogras+ it )as siilar intent

42

& i d R b

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

43/54

43

&remiums and Rebates

• $reius+ cou'ons+ contests+ and ot)er%enefits )a(e )istorically %een accountedfor under t)e e1'ense a''roac)

3 T)is is reasona%le if t)e costs are reallyarketing e1'enses

• Ho*e(er+ under I!"# it ay %e orea''ro'riate to use t)e re(enue a''roac)

43

ont n(enc es an

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

44/54

44

ont n(enc es anUncertain Commitments

A contingency is&

“an existing condition or situation involving

uncertainty as to possible gain or loss to an

enterprise that will ultimately be resolved whenone or more future events occur or fail to occur

(CICA Handbook-Accounting !art II "ection#$%&'&)

44

ont n(enc es an

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

45/54

45


• 9oss contingencies in(ol(e situations of'ossi%le loss at t)e stateent of financial'osition

3 As discussed in C)a'ter F+ gain contingenciesand contingent assets are generally notrecogni4ed

• A#$E and I!"# )a(e different

terinology and accounting rules forcontingent losses

45

ont n(enc es an

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

46/54

46


A#$E&• A lia%ility incurred as a result of a loss

contingency is a contingent lia%ility

• T)e likeli)ood of occurrence of t)e futuree(ent ay %e&• 9ikely 5)ig) c)ance6

• 7nlikely 5slig)t c)ance6• Not deterina%le 5t)e c)ance of t)e e(entoccurrence cannot %e deterined6

46

ont n(enc es an

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

47/54

47


A#$E&• Estiated losses are accrued if %ot) of t)e

follo*ing conditions are et&

,- It is likely t)at a future e(ent *ill confir t)at a lia%ility)as %een incurred+ at t)e %alance s)eet date+ and

/- T)e aount of loss can %e reasona%ly estiated-

• Additional inforation is disclosed in t)e notes if& 3- 9ikeli)ood is not deterina%le+ or 3- A reasona%le estiate cannot %e esta%lis)ed+ or 3- T)e entity is e1'osed to loss a%o(e t)e accrued

aount-

47

ont n(enc es an

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

48/54

48


I!"#&• 7nder I!"#+ estiated losses fro loss contingencies

are accrued as lia%ilities 5called J'ro(isions6 if& 3 t)e occurrence of t)e confiring future e(ent is J'ro%a%le

5less strict t)an Jlikely6+ and 3 aounts are Jrelia%ly easura%le-

• Measureent of lia%ility is ade using t)e Je1'ected(alue et)od 5takes into account 'ro%a%ilities of'ossi%le outcoes6

• Ter Jcontingent lia%ilities is used only for 'ossi%leo%ligations t)at are not recogni4ed

• Disclosure re.uired unless likeli)ood is Jreote

48

L t (at on a ms an

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

49/54

49

L t (at on3 a ms3 an Assessments

• T)e ost coon ty'es of losscontingencies in(ol(e litigation+ clais %yot)ers and assessents

• To deterine *)et)er a lia%ility s)ould %erecorded+ t)e follo*ing is e(aluated&,- t)e tie 'eriod in *)ic) t)e underlying cause

of action occurred+

/- t)e likeli)ood of an unfa(oura%le outcoe+

0- t)e a%ility to ake a reasona%le estiate of loss-

49

L t (at on a ms an

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

50/54

50

L t (at on3 a ms3 an Assessments

• To e(aluate t)e likeli)ood of anunfa(oura%le outcoe+ t)e follo*ing isconsidered&

3 nature of litigation and 'rogress of case+ 3 o'inion of legal counsel+ 3 e1'erience in siilar cases+ 3 co'any res'onse to t)e la*suit-

50

Fi i l G t

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

51/54

51

Financial Guarantees

• E1a'le& stand%y letter of creditguaranteeing anot)ers 'ayent of a loan

• A#$E follo*s rules for loss contingencies+

*it) additional disclosure re.uireents• 7nder I!"#+ recogni4e guarantee at fair

(alue

• Key focus is to gi(e users inforationa%out risks assued %y %eing a guarantor

51

C it t

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

52/54

52

Commitments

• E1ecutory contracts are agreeents*)ere neit)er 'arty )as yet 'erfored

• T)ese coitents are not yet

considered lia%ilities %ut t)ey do re'resenta contractual o%ligation of future funds• Disclosure is re.uired for a%noral

coitents or ones t)at carry significant

risks

52

&resentation and Disclosure

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

53/54

53

&resentation and Disclosureo Current Liabilities

• Disclose a?or classes se'arately& %ank loans+trade creditors and accrued lia%ilities+ ta1es+di(idends+ deferred re(enue+ future incoe

ta1es+ aounts o*ing to related 'arties• "e'ort aounts o*ing to officers+ directors+

s)are)olders and associated co'aniesse'arately

• Identify secured lia%ilities and related assets'ledged

53

Ana 's s o urrent

8/19/2019 ch13-AFM391w2016

54/54

Ana 's s o urrentLiabilities

Current "atio&

Current Assets

Current 9ia%ilities

Acid2Test "atio&Cas) R Marketa%le #ecurities R Net "ecei(a%les

Current 9ia%ilities

Days $aya%les Outstanding& A(erage Trade Accounts $aya%le

A(erage Daily Cost of :oods #oldB

Cost of Total O'erating E1'enses

ch13-afm391w2016

Documents