ch.13 - section 1 at the end of the 19 th century, what forces were working against europe’s peace...
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Ch.13 - SECTION 1
•At the end of the 19th Century, what forces were working against Europe’s peace movements?
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•In what way did Bismarck become like Metternich?
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•How did Kaiser Wilhelm’s new course for Germany destabilize Europe?
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•Which two agreements developed?
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•Why are the Balkans Europe’s “powder keg?”
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•How did terrorism cause the chain reaction of war?
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•How did an ultimatum cause the chain reaction of war?
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•How did mobilization cause the chain reaction of war?
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•How did the alliance system cause the chain reaction of war?
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•How did neutrality cause the chain reaction of war?
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•Who are the Central Powers?
•Who are the Allies?
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government takes over factories rationing of essential items
use of propaganda repression of anti-war sentiment
World War I
1st Total War – ALL of a nation’s resources mobilized for its war effort
•women supplement the workforce
Worldwide Scope
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TOTAL
WAR
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o Schlieffen Plan – two front war ignore Russia
defeat France quickly
speed is essential
o Battle of the Marne – insures prolonged stalemate of trench warfare
Western Front
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o modern weapons - cause enormous death toll
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o modern weapons - cause enormous death toll
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Eastern Fronto early Russian success, especially against Austrians
o Russians gradually pushed back
o German technology wears down Russian numbers
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•Why was 19th Century Russia a “firecracker with a very long fuse?”
Ch.14 - SECTION 1
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•How did Alexander III create widespread discontent?
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•How did Sergei Witte try to move Russia into the 20th Century?
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• What is Nicholas II’s major character flaw?***
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•Which groups of Russian comprised the growing revolutionary movement?
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•How did the following pave the way for revolution:
• The Russo Japanese War
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•How did the following pave the way for revolution:
• Bloody Sunday
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•How did the following pave the way for revolution:
• The Duma
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•How did the following pave the way for revolution:
• World War I
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•How did the following pave the way for revolution:
• Rasputin
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•Describe the March Revolution.
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•What crucial mistake does Kerensky and the Provisional Government make?
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•What are “soviets?”
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•Describe Germany’s “secret weapon.”
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•Describe the October (November) Revolution.
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•How do Lenin and the Bolsheviks try to provide “Peace, Land, and Bread?”
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•Describe the Russian Civil War.
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•Why would Karl Marx disagree with the NEP?
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•Describe the political organization of the USSR.[Why did Lenin choose this model?]
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Southern Front•Allies attack the “softer” Ottoman Empire
•Gallipoli – bloody stalemate
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•Arab campaign (T.E. Lawrence) –
British take Baghdad, Jerusalem, Damascus
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Colonial Front
•Japan takes German interests in China
•Britain & France take Germany’s African colonies
•Britain uses Indian troops
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A World at War
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War at Sea
British and German fleets fight to a draw
British fail to gain their expected decisive victory
German fleet never risks sailing out again
o British blockade Germany
o Jutland –
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o submarine warfare –
very successful for Germany
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U.S. involvement
o outraged by sinking of Lusitania and American merchant vessels
o Zimmerman Note – encourages Mexico to join Germany for U.S. land
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•Russian Revolution – new Soviet government signs Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and leaves war
•Germany moves troops to west for one last push
•added American troops prove too much
•Allies advance toward Germany
•Bulgarians and Ottomans surrender
•revolution ends Austro-Hungarian Empire
•mutiny in Germany leads to Kaiser Wilhelm’s abdication
War’s End
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•New German republic signs armistice without the German army being defeated in the field
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•Describe the human casualties caused by WWI and the various ways that they were caused.Ch.13 - SECTION 4
•Describe the economic impact of WWI.
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•Why did the “Lost Generation” develop?
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•Who were the Big Four?
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•Who was NOT represented at the Versailles Conference?
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• Why did Lloyd-George
say he was “seated between
Jesus Christ and
Napoleon?”
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•Why could the Versailles Treaty be considered a triumph for nationalism?
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•Why could the Versailles Treaty NOT be considered a triumph for nationalism?
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•Why could the Versailles Treaty be seen as a blueprint for future peace?
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•List three reasons why the Versailles Treaty could be seen as the document of revenche?
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•List three reasons why the Versailles Treaty was “a peace built on quicksand.”
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•How did the First World War affect the way people think?
Ch.15 - SECTION 1
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•Who challenged Newton’s view of the universe and how?
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•Who challenged the traditional view of the human mind and how?
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•Who challenged the traditional view of life and how?
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•Who challenged the traditional view of literature and how?
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•Who challenged the traditional view of art and how?
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•Who challenged the traditional view of art and how?
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•Who challenged the traditional view of art and how?
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•Who challenged the traditional view of architecture and how?
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•Who challenged the traditional view of music and how?
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•Who challenged the traditional view of music and how?
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•Who challenged the traditional view of women and how?
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•What challenged the traditional view of transportation and how?
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•What challenged the traditional view of transportation and how?
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•What challenged the traditional view of entertainment and how?