ch7c (botany lecture)
DESCRIPTION
(c) Ms. Melanie MedeciloTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Diversity And Classification of Flowering Plants:
Commelinid Monocots
Michael G. Simpson
Diversity And Classification of Flowering Plants:
Commelinid Monocots
Michael G. Simpson
![Page 2: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Commelinid MonocotsCommelinid Monocots
Apomorphy: UV-fluorescent organic acids (including coumaric, diferulic, and ferulic acid) that impregnate the cell walls.
Apomorphy: UV-fluorescent organic acids (including coumaric, diferulic, and ferulic acid) that impregnate the cell walls.
![Page 4: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ARECALESArecaceae (Palmae) - Palm family
(from areca, Portuguese for the betel palm). ca. 190 genera / ca. 2,000 species.
ARECALESArecaceae (Palmae) - Palm family
(from areca, Portuguese for the betel palm). ca. 190 genera / ca. 2,000 species.
The Arecaceae are distinctive in having a rhizomatous, lianous, or usually arborescent stem, with large, sheathing, plicate leaves, a fleshy, usually drupaceous fruit, and seeds lacking starch. The plicate leaves is an apomorphy for the family.
P 3+3 [0,2+2,∞] A 3+3 or (3+3) [3,∞; 0 in female fls.] G 3 or (3) [1,2,4-10; 0 in male fls.], superior.
The Arecaceae are distinctive in having a rhizomatous, lianous, or usually arborescent stem, with large, sheathing, plicate leaves, a fleshy, usually drupaceous fruit, and seeds lacking starch. The plicate leaves is an apomorphy for the family.
P 3+3 [0,2+2,∞] A 3+3 or (3+3) [3,∞; 0 in female fls.] G 3 or (3) [1,2,4-10; 0 in male fls.], superior.
![Page 6: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
reduplicate vs. induplicatereduplicate vs. induplicate
![Page 7: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Fruit a drupeFruit a drupe
![Page 8: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Archontophoenix cunninghamiana King PalmArchontophoenix cunninghamiana King Palm
![Page 9: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Syagrus romanzoffiana Queen PalmSyagrus romanzoffiana Queen Palm
![Page 10: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Calamus Rattan PalmCalamus Rattan Palm
![Page 11: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Chamaerops humilis Mediterranean PalmChamaerops humilis Mediterranean Palm
![Page 12: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Jubea chilensisJubea chilensis
![Page 13: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Licuala peltataLicuala peltata
![Page 14: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Nypa fruticans - a rhizomatous palmNypa fruticans - a rhizomatous palm
![Page 15: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Phoenix canariensisCanary I. Palm
Phoenix canariensisCanary I. Palm
![Page 16: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Phoenix dactyliferaDate Palm
Phoenix dactyliferaDate Palm
![Page 17: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Rhopalostylis sapidaRhopalostylis sapida
![Page 18: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Sabal urseanaSabal urseana
![Page 19: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Washingtonia filifera Desert
Fan Palm
Washingtonia filifera Desert
Fan Palm
![Page 20: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Washingtonia filifera Desert Fan PalmWashingtonia filifera Desert Fan Palm
![Page 21: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Washingtonia robustaWashingtonia robusta Zombia antillarum
![Page 22: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
ZINGIBERALES - Ginger Group
ZINGIBERALES - Ginger Group
Apomorphies:
Penni-parallel venation
Supervolute leaf “ptyxis”
(1/2 of leaf rolled within the other)
Diaphraghmed air chambers
Silica cells
Inferior ovary
Apomorphies:
Penni-parallel venation
Supervolute leaf “ptyxis”
(1/2 of leaf rolled within the other)
Diaphraghmed air chambers
Silica cells
Inferior ovary
![Page 25: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Musaceae - Banana family (after Antonia Musa, physician to Emporer Augustus 63-14
BC). 3 genera (Ensete, Musa, and Musella) / ca. 40 species.
Musaceae - Banana family (after Antonia Musa, physician to Emporer Augustus 63-14
BC). 3 genera (Ensete, Musa, and Musella) / ca. 40 species.
The Musaceae are distinguished from related families of the Zingiberales in having a spiral leaf arrangement and monoecious plant sex.
P (3+3) A 5-6 G (3), inferior.
Economic importance includes use of fruits of Musa spp. as a food source (esp. Musa acuminata and the triploid hybrid of Musa x paradisiaca); Musa textilis (Manila-hemp, abacá) and Musa basjoo are used as a fiber source for twine, textiles, and building materials.
The Musaceae are distinguished from related families of the Zingiberales in having a spiral leaf arrangement and monoecious plant sex.
P (3+3) A 5-6 G (3), inferior.
Economic importance includes use of fruits of Musa spp. as a food source (esp. Musa acuminata and the triploid hybrid of Musa x paradisiaca); Musa textilis (Manila-hemp, abacá) and Musa basjoo are used as a fiber source for twine, textiles, and building materials.
![Page 29: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Musaceae
![Page 30: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Musa Banana MusaceaeMusa Banana Musaceae
![Page 31: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Musa Banana MusaceaeMusa Banana Musaceae
![Page 32: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Musa Banana MusaceaeMusa Banana Musaceae
![Page 33: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Ensete Musaceae
![Page 34: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
StrelitziaceaeMusaceae
![Page 36: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Strelitziaceae - Bird-of-paradise family (after Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, wife of King George III). 3 genera (Phenakospermum, Ravenala, Strelitzia) / 7
species.
Strelitziaceae - Bird-of-paradise family (after Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, wife of King George III). 3 genera (Phenakospermum, Ravenala, Strelitzia) / 7
species.
The Strelitziaceae are distinguished from related families of the Zingiberales in having rhizomatous and decumbent or erect, arborescent stems with distichous leaves and flowers having 5-6 stamens.
P (3+3) A 5 or 6 G (3), inferior.
The Strelitziaceae are distinguished from related families of the Zingiberales in having rhizomatous and decumbent or erect, arborescent stems with distichous leaves and flowers having 5-6 stamens.
P (3+3) A 5 or 6 G (3), inferior.
![Page 37: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Strelitzia nicolai Giant/Tree Bird of ParadiseStrelitzia nicolai Giant/Tree Bird of Paradise
![Page 38: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Strelitzia reginae Bird of ParadiseStrelitzia reginae Bird of Paradise
![Page 39: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Strelitzia reginae Bird of ParadiseStrelitzia reginae Bird of Paradise
![Page 40: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Strelitzia reginae Bird of ParadiseStrelitzia reginae Bird of Paradise
![Page 41: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Strelitzia reginae Bird of ParadiseStrelitzia reginae Bird of Paradise
![Page 42: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Zingiberaceae - Ginger family (from a pre-Gr. name, possibly from India). 50 genera / 1,200 species
Zingiberaceae - Ginger family (from a pre-Gr. name, possibly from India). 50 genera / 1,200 species
The Zingiberaceae are distinguished from related families of the Zingiberales in having distichous, usually ligulate leaves with a single, dithecal stamen and a petaloid labellum derived from two staminodes.
P (3+3) A 1 fertile + 2 + (2) petaloid staminodes G (3), inferior.
The Zingiberaceae are distinguished from related families of the Zingiberales in having distichous, usually ligulate leaves with a single, dithecal stamen and a petaloid labellum derived from two staminodes.
P (3+3) A 1 fertile + 2 + (2) petaloid staminodes G (3), inferior.
![Page 44: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Zingiberaceae - Ginger family (from a pre-Gr. name, possibly from India). 50 genera / 1,200 species
Zingiberaceae - Ginger family (from a pre-Gr. name, possibly from India). 50 genera / 1,200 species
Economic importance includes the source of important spice plants,
e.g., Curcuma spp., including C. domestica (turmeric), Elettaria
cardamomum (cardamom), and Zingiber spp., including Z. officinale
(ginger); some species are grown as cultivated ornamentals, e.g.,
Alpinia and Hedychium.
Economic importance includes the source of important spice plants,
e.g., Curcuma spp., including C. domestica (turmeric), Elettaria
cardamomum (cardamom), and Zingiber spp., including Z. officinale
(ginger); some species are grown as cultivated ornamentals, e.g.,
Alpinia and Hedychium.
![Page 45: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Zingiberaceae
StrelitziaceaeMusaceae
![Page 46: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Alpinia Shell GingerAlpinia Shell Ginger
![Page 47: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Brachychilus horsfieldiiBrachychilus horsfieldii
![Page 48: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
GlobbaGlobba
![Page 49: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
HedychiumHedychium
![Page 50: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
HedychiumHedychium
![Page 51: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
HedychiumHedychium
![Page 52: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Nicolaia elatiorNicolaia elatior
![Page 53: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Cannaceae - Canna-Lily family (Gr. canna, a reed). 1 genus (Canna) / 25 species
Cannaceae - Canna-Lily family (Gr. canna, a reed). 1 genus (Canna) / 25 species
The Cannaceae are distinguished from related families of the Zingiberales in having usually distichous leaves and flowers with one petaloid, monothecal stamen associated with 1-4[5] petaloid staminodes.
P 3+3 A 1, petaloid & monothecal + 1-4 petaloid staminodes G (3), inferior.
The Cannaceae are distinguished from related families of the Zingiberales in having usually distichous leaves and flowers with one petaloid, monothecal stamen associated with 1-4[5] petaloid staminodes.
P 3+3 A 1, petaloid & monothecal + 1-4 petaloid staminodes G (3), inferior.
![Page 55: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Cannaceae
StrelitziaceaeMusaceae Zingiberaceae
![Page 56: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Canna sp. CannaceaeCanna sp. Cannaceae
![Page 57: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Canna sp. CannaceaeCanna sp. Cannaceae
![Page 58: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Canna sp. CannaceaeCanna sp. Cannaceae
![Page 59: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Canna sp. CannaceaeCanna sp. Cannaceae
![Page 60: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Commelinaceae—Spiderwort family (after Caspar Commelijn, Dutch botanist, 1667–1731)
39 genera/640 species.
Commelinaceae—Spiderwort family (after Caspar Commelijn, Dutch botanist, 1667–1731)
39 genera/640 species.
The Commelinaceae are distinctive in being mostly perennial herbs with closed sheathed leaves and a trimerous, hypogynous flower with an ephemeral corolla, staminodia in some, most species with characteristic 3-celled glandular microhairs, the latter a probable apomorphy for the family.
K 3 or (3) C 3 or (3) A 3 or 3 + 3 staminodes or 1 G (3)
The Commelinaceae are distinctive in being mostly perennial herbs with closed sheathed leaves and a trimerous, hypogynous flower with an ephemeral corolla, staminodia in some, most species with characteristic 3-celled glandular microhairs, the latter a probable apomorphy for the family.
K 3 or (3) C 3 or (3) A 3 or 3 + 3 staminodes or 1 G (3)
![Page 62: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Haemodoraceae—Bloodwort family(Gr. haimo, blood, in reference to red pigmentation in roots and
rootstocks of some members)13 genera/100 species.
Haemodoraceae—Bloodwort family(Gr. haimo, blood, in reference to red pigmentation in roots and
rootstocks of some members)13 genera/100 species.
The Haemodoraceae are distinctive in being perennial herbs with arylphenalenone compounds (imparting a reddish coloration to stems and roots in almost all Haemodoroideae), unifacial leaves, and variable flowers.
P 3+3 or (3+3) or (6) A 1,3,6 G (3), inferior or superior,
hypanthium present or absent.
The Haemodoraceae are distinctive in being perennial herbs with arylphenalenone compounds (imparting a reddish coloration to stems and roots in almost all Haemodoroideae), unifacial leaves, and variable flowers.
P 3+3 or (3+3) or (6) A 1,3,6 G (3), inferior or superior,
hypanthium present or absent.
![Page 65: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
![Page 67: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
![Page 68: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
![Page 69: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Bromeliaceae - Bromeliad family (after Swedish medical doctor and botanist, Olof Ole Bromell
(1639-1705). 59 genera / 2,400 species
Bromeliaceae - Bromeliad family (after Swedish medical doctor and botanist, Olof Ole Bromell
(1639-1705). 59 genera / 2,400 species
The Bromeliaceae are distinctive in being perrenial terrestrial or epiphytic herbs or shrubs with surface peltate scales, often colorful bracts, and trimerous flowers with typically twisted stigmas.
P 3+3 or (3)+(3) A 3+3 G 3, superior or inferior.
Economic importance: Ananas comosus, pineapple.
The Bromeliaceae are distinctive in being perrenial terrestrial or epiphytic herbs or shrubs with surface peltate scales, often colorful bracts, and trimerous flowers with typically twisted stigmas.
P 3+3 or (3)+(3) A 3+3 G 3, superior or inferior.
Economic importance: Ananas comosus, pineapple.
![Page 70: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Peltate scalesPeltate scales
![Page 71: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Peltate scalesPeltate scales fr. Pierce, 2006
![Page 72: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Twisted StylesTwisted Styles
![Page 73: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
AechmeaAechmea
![Page 74: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Ananas comosus PineappleAnanas comosus Pineapple
![Page 75: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Bilbergia nutans (left), sp. (right)Bilbergia nutans (left), sp. (right)
![Page 76: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
![Page 77: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
![Page 78: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
![Page 79: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
![Page 80: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Dyckia dawsoniiDyckia dawsonii
![Page 81: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
NeoregaliaNeoregalia
![Page 82: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
NeoregaliaNeoregalia
![Page 83: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Puya alpestrisPuya alpestris
![Page 84: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Puya venustusPuya venustus Puya sp.
![Page 85: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Tillandsia fasciculataTillandsia fasciculata
![Page 86: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Tillandsia usneoides Spanish-MossTillandsia usneoides Spanish-Moss
![Page 87: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
![Page 88: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
![Page 89: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
![Page 90: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Cyperaceae - Sedge family (Gr. for several species of Cyperus). 98 genera / 4,350 species
Cyperaceae - Sedge family (Gr. for several species of Cyperus). 98 genera / 4,350 species
The Cyperaceae are distinctive in being herbs with usually
3-sided, solid-pithed stems, closed-sheathed, often tristichous
leaves, the inflorescence a “sedge spikelet,” consisting of a
central axis bearing many sessile, distichous or spiral bracts,
each subtending a single, reduced unisexual or bisexual
flower, with perianth absent or reduced to bristles or scales,
usually 3 stamens, and a 2–3-carpellate ovary, the fruit a 2- or
3-sided achene.
P 6 or 0 [1-∞] A 3 [1-6+] G (2-3)[(4)], superior.
The Cyperaceae are distinctive in being herbs with usually
3-sided, solid-pithed stems, closed-sheathed, often tristichous
leaves, the inflorescence a “sedge spikelet,” consisting of a
central axis bearing many sessile, distichous or spiral bracts,
each subtending a single, reduced unisexual or bisexual
flower, with perianth absent or reduced to bristles or scales,
usually 3 stamens, and a 2–3-carpellate ovary, the fruit a 2- or
3-sided achene.
P 6 or 0 [1-∞] A 3 [1-6+] G (2-3)[(4)], superior.
![Page 91: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Cyperaceae - Sedge family (Gr. for several species of Cyperus). 98 genera / 4,350 species
Cyperaceae - Sedge family (Gr. for several species of Cyperus). 98 genera / 4,350 species
Economic importance is limited, with some
species used as mats, thatch, weaving material, or writing
material (Cyperus papyrus, papyrus, the culm pith of which
was historically used to make paperlike scrolls), a few used
as ornamental cultivars (e.g., Cyperus involucratus, umbrella
plant), and some species, such as the nutsedges, being
noxious weeds.
Economic importance is limited, with some
species used as mats, thatch, weaving material, or writing
material (Cyperus papyrus, papyrus, the culm pith of which
was historically used to make paperlike scrolls), a few used
as ornamental cultivars (e.g., Cyperus involucratus, umbrella
plant), and some species, such as the nutsedges, being
noxious weeds.
![Page 92: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
![Page 93: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
![Page 94: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
![Page 95: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Cyperaceae of San Diego County
Cyperaceae of San Diego County
![Page 96: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Bolboschoenus maritimus Bolboschoenus maritimus
![Page 97: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Carex barbarae Carex barbarae
malespikelet
femalespikelets
femalespikelet
perigynia
![Page 98: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Carex praegracilis Carex praegracilis
femalespikelet
perigyniaenclosingovaries
![Page 99: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Carex triquetra
![Page 100: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Cyperus sp.
spikelet: bracts
distichous
![Page 101: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Cyperus involucratusCyperus involucratus
spikelet involucral
bracts
![Page 102: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Eleocharis macrostachya Eleocharis macrostachya
![Page 103: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Eleocharis montevidensis Eleocharis montevidensis
![Page 104: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Eleocharis parishii Eleocharis parishii
![Page 105: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Shoenoplectus [Scirpus] americanus Shoenoplectus [Scirpus] americanus
![Page 106: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Shoenoplectus [Scirpus] californicus Shoenoplectus [Scirpus] californicus
![Page 107: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Shoenoplectus [Scirpus] pungens Shoenoplectus [Scirpus] pungens
involucralbract
spikelet
![Page 108: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
![Page 109: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Juncaceae - Rush family (L. for binder, in reference to use in weaving and basketry).
7 genera / 430 species
Juncaceae - Rush family (L. for binder, in reference to use in weaving and basketry).
7 genera / 430 species
The Juncaceae are distinctive in being usually perennial herbs with spiral, sheathing, bifacial or unifacial leaves, trimerous, actinomorphic flowers with a typically scarious perianth and a loculicidal capsule.
P 3+3 [2+2 or 3] A 3+3 [3+0 or 2] G (3), superior, hypanthium absent
The Juncaceae are distinctive in being usually perennial herbs with spiral, sheathing, bifacial or unifacial leaves, trimerous, actinomorphic flowers with a typically scarious perianth and a loculicidal capsule.
P 3+3 [2+2 or 3] A 3+3 [3+0 or 2] G (3), superior, hypanthium absent
![Page 110: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
![Page 111: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
![Page 112: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Juncaceae of San Diego CountyJuncaceae of San Diego County
![Page 113: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Juncus acutus Spiny Rush Juncus acutus Spiny Rush
![Page 114: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Juncus bufonius Juncus bufonius
![Page 115: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Juncus dubius Juncus dubius
![Page 116: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Juncus dubius Juncus dubius
![Page 117: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Juncus phaeocephalus Juncus phaeocephalus
![Page 118: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
![Page 119: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Poaceae - Grass family (after Poa, Gr. name for a grass). 668 genera / 9,500 species
Poaceae - Grass family (after Poa, Gr. name for a grass). 668 genera / 9,500 species
STEMS: hollow-pithed
LEAVES: open-sheathed, distichous, with a ligule at inner junction with blade
INFLORESCENCE: grass spikelet
= axis + two basal glumes + 1-∞ florets
Floret = short lateral axis + lemma + palea + flower
FLOWER: P 2-3 lodicules A 2-3 (pendulous) G (2-3)
FRUIT: caryopsis (grain).
STEMS: hollow-pithed
LEAVES: open-sheathed, distichous, with a ligule at inner junction with blade
INFLORESCENCE: grass spikelet
= axis + two basal glumes + 1-∞ florets
Floret = short lateral axis + lemma + palea + flower
FLOWER: P 2-3 lodicules A 2-3 (pendulous) G (2-3)
FRUIT: caryopsis (grain).
![Page 120: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
DISTRIBUTION: worldwide.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE:
1) agricultural grains (most important food in world):
barley (Hordeum)
corn (Zea)
oats (Avena)
rice (Oryza)
rye (Secale)
wheat (Triticum);
2) alcoholic beverages: beer, whiskey, gin
3) forage and grazing plants;
4) important components of many ecosystems, such as grasslands and savannahs.
DISTRIBUTION: worldwide.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE:
1) agricultural grains (most important food in world):
barley (Hordeum)
corn (Zea)
oats (Avena)
rice (Oryza)
rye (Secale)
wheat (Triticum);
2) alcoholic beverages: beer, whiskey, gin
3) forage and grazing plants;
4) important components of many ecosystems, such as grasslands and savannahs.
![Page 121: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
distichousleaf
arrangement
distichousleaf
arrangement
![Page 122: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
open sheathopen sheath
![Page 123: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
liguleligule
![Page 124: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
![Page 125: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
![Page 126: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
![Page 127: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
Bamboos
![Page 128: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
Fruit: Grain
![Page 129: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
Achnatherum coronatumAchnatherum coronatum
GRASSES OF SAN DIEGO CO.
![Page 130: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
Agrostis pallensAgrostis pallens
![Page 131: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
Arundo donaxArundo donax
![Page 132: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
Avena barbataAvena barbata
![Page 133: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
Avena fatuaAvena fatua
![Page 134: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
Bothriochloa barbinodisBothriochloa barbinodis
![Page 135: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
Brachypodium distachyonBrachypodium distachyon
![Page 136: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
Briza minorBriza minor
![Page 137: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
Bromus diandrusBromus diandrus
![Page 138: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
Bromus hordeaceusBromus hordeaceus
![Page 139: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
Bromus rubens ssp. madritensisBromus rubens ssp. madritensis
![Page 140: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
Cortaderia selloanaCortaderia selloana
![Page 141: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
Cynodon dactylonBermuda Grass
Cynodon dactylonBermuda Grass
![Page 142: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
Distichlis littoralis [Monanthochloe l.]Distichlis littoralis [Monanthochloe l.]
![Page 143: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
Distichlis spicataDistichlis spicata
![Page 144: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
Echinochloa crus-galiEchinochloa crus-gali
![Page 145: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
Gastridium ventricosumGastridium ventricosum
![Page 146: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
Hordeum murinumHordeum murinum
![Page 147: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
Lamarckia aureaLamarckia aurea
![Page 148: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
Lolium multiflorumLolium multiflorum
![Page 149: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
Melica frutescensMelica frutescens
![Page 150: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
Melica imperfectaMelica imperfecta
![Page 151: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
Muhlenbergia microspermaMuhlenbergia microsperma
![Page 152: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
Muhlenbergia rigensMuhlenbergia rigens
![Page 153: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
Nasella lepidaNasella lepida
![Page 154: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
Nasella pulchraNasella pulchra
![Page 155: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
Parapholis incurvaParapholis incurva
![Page 156: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/156.jpg)
Paspalum dilatatumPaspalum dilatatum
![Page 157: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
Paspalum distichumPaspalum distichum
![Page 158: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/158.jpg)
Pennisetum setaceumPennisetum setaceum
![Page 159: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/159.jpg)
Piptatherum miliaceumPiptatherum miliaceum
![Page 160: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/160.jpg)
Polypogon maritimusPolypogon maritimus
![Page 161: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/161.jpg)
Polypogon monspeliensisPolypogon monspeliensis
![Page 162: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/162.jpg)
Melinis repensMelinis repens
![Page 163: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/163.jpg)
Schismus barbatusSchismus barbatus
![Page 164: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/164.jpg)
Spartina foliosaSpartina foliosa
![Page 165: Ch7c (Botany Lecture)](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102515/556c76f5d8b42ac71e8b4711/html5/thumbnails/165.jpg)
Vulpia myurosVulpia myuros