Classification and variation

Chapter 7Biology

(1st week)

How many features common to both cows and dolphins can you think of?

Common featuresCompare a cow and a dolphin, you might think they do not have many things in common but you will be surprised.

Common features

Cows and dolphins have several features in common.

Many other organisms also share common features.

Scientists use common features to put organisms into groups.

Grouping organisms based on their common features is called classification.

What is classification?

The modern classification method consists of 7

levels: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

• Which is the biggest group?

• Which is the smallest group?

Helpful way to remember the 7 levels

•King Philip Came Over For Green Skittles.

•Kids Playing Catch On Freeway Get Squashed.

The classification system begins with very big groups that include a lot of organisms and then moves down to smaller groups made up of fewer organisms.

The biggest groups are called the kingdoms.

All living things are classified into five different kingdoms.

The classification system

plants Protoctistaanimals Monerafungi

living things

Classifying animalsHow can different types of animals be classified?

Animal classification

InvertebratesVertebrates

Animals

Invertebrates are animals that do not have a backbone. They have soft inner bodies which are held in shape by a flexible covering of outer cells or by a hard covering called

an exoskeleton.

Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone. They have a firm body

because of the muscles that connect to their

Skeleton (made of bone or cartilage).

The animal kingdom is divided into two groups:

Animal kingdom

Vertebrates Invertebrates

Jellyfish

Flatworms

Annelid worms

Nematode worms

ArthropodsMolluscsEchinode

rms

1) ArthropodsArachni

dsInsectsCrustaceansMyriapods

- Includes spiders and scorpions, mites and ticks.

- Do not have antennae or wings.

- Have four pairs of legs.

- Have one pair of antennae.

- Have three pairs of legs.

- They have up to two pair of wings.

- Have two pair of antennae.

- Ex. Lobster and woodlouse

- Have one pair of antennae.

- Have long cylindrical or flat bodies.

- Many legs- Ex. Centipedes

and millipedes.

Invertebrates

2) Annelids- They have long, thin, soft bodies divided into

segments or rings.- Example: Earthworms

3) Nematodes- They have thin, cylindrical bodies not divided into

segments or rings.

4) Jellyfish

5) Flatworm

6) Echinoderm

7) Molluscs- The group gets the name from the Latin word mollis

which means soft.- Most molluscs have a shell to protect their soft bodies.- Examples: Snail, slug and octopus.

Animal kingdom

Vertebrates Invertebrates

Birds ReptilesAmphibians

MammalsFish

1) MammalsVertebrates

- They have hair or fur.- They give birth to young.- They feed on their mothers’ milk.- Lungs to breathe in oxygen.

2) Fish- They have scales.- They have fins.- Lay eggs in water, some give birth.- Have gills.

3) Birds- Feathers- Lay eggs- Have lungs- Two legs- Have wings

4) Amphibians- Smooth moist skin.- Lay eggs in water.- Live part of their life in water (young) and part on land (adults).

5) Reptiles- Dry skin.- Covered in scales.- Lungs- Some lay eggs, some give birth.