chandrika 2013 january 12

7/24/2019 Chandrika 2013 January 12

1/74


2/74

No^v FUn:Sn. ]n. sNdqFUn :

kn.]n. skbvXehn

]ncn tbmUnkv FUn :

inlm _p o s]mbvpw I Shvk_v FUn:hn.sI. kptcjv

]n.Fw. PbteHuv & Ih Unssk:sI.hn. Akvew \Spc

2012 P\phcn 1218]pkvX Iw: 56 ew: 14 hne: ` 1212121212

ae_mdns kvt\lw

14tIphf ae_m Fs kw_nnStmfw hmsmcp\mSmbncpp. Hcp ]nmsSsmpw ]dm ]qamhn.AhnSps P\sfmw sImphtcm ]nimNptfm Hsbmhmsap t]mepw As sNdnb _pnbn Rm Nnnpt]mbncnmw. A {iotZhn A\ns Cw IpwIpfn\vsXp Fcpas nSp ssIpfcsb {]tZimbncpp

Sn.Un.cma Ir jvW

A\p`hnhcpsS kzXzwtUm. ]n.sI t]m

8Fmhpw A\p h fpv. ]t{nbfneqsS t\Sp A\p`hw Hcp a\pjys\ kw_nv ]ca{][m\hpamWv.A\p h amWv \ne\nev]v Xssbv ]Snmd Zmi\nI _Inen knmnm {ianncpp

t e J \ w

BcmWv Fs FgptXXv?C.]n. cmPtKm]me

11

thjne sshZy!28taml\ sshZy / hn.sI kptcjv

\psS `y kpcm \nbaw30 sI. i io{

] c c

ae bm fnv kmaq lnIPm {KX]pem Ign bpn kn.B. ]ctaizc / ]n.Fw. Pb

20

aebmfnbpsS kwKoXt_m[w32jmPn sNss

aX ssa{Xn ]mSpamn f s

56

tUm. B.kn Icnv

aWmns au\w44cmtPjvIpam. Fw

Cy kn\n a bpsS 100 hj 50 hnPbIrjvWb m { X

IpSntb sXmgnemfnIfpsSH gp pw sh sm hpwA\nIpam F.hn

36

t \ m h D{amHm Pm BZmaokm aplZv lmZn dpkvh

40

inm cnbpw ioIp nbpw69sI.hnjvWp\mcmbW

I h n XNphv Hcp \nda_n. tPmkpIpn

49

\n sfmpw hnNm cn n s nkmenw aqcnIpn

54

hncmawcm[mIrjvW FStcn

55

A\nX Xn

Zn Wm {^n Ihnbp ambnHcp IqSnmgvN

17

N{nI BgvNXnv, ]n._n. \: 64, YMCAtdmUv, tImgntm Sv 673 001t^m: 2766032, 2767040, 2765122, mIvkv: 04952765950. Csa bn:

[email protected]


3/74

4 2013 P\p hcn 12 18 BgvN Xnv

F.B.F. \m kzn lv,hS pmSv, ]nW dmbn

"N{n I' B gv N Xn v (e w 7)h f sc sshIn bm Wv hm bn Xv. C hn S fn se hm b \ im e I fn \n v Cue w k a am bn s Sp p am p I bmWp m b Xv. _p Iv m fp I fn \n pwB tcm hmn q n {] Nm cw X Spthm Fv kwibntXpv.

"N {nI' BgvNXnn h te J \fpw ]psan thsd Nne teJ \fpw IqSn kwLSnnv Hcp IrXn ]pd n dm apkv enw {]nnwKv Bv ]n jnw Kv I n n tbm A s n a msc n ep tam X m dm sb n C sXms Hcp tcJ (document) B bn

kq n s Spw.""N {n I bp sS a \p jym h Im i ewL\ hn cp

]Xnv Aw sshInbmWv hmbnXv. {]kvXpX e w h f sc \ m bn F dn bnp Xn AXn bm b k tmj ap v. "N {n I bvv A n \ \.

aAvZ\nv thn Ctm kn.]n.Fw. hotdmsS hm Zn p Xv B flm am bn m tWm F vkw i bn t Xp v.

a A vZ \n bn se C kv eman I ] Wv Un X s\ bpw ap

kvenw hynXzsbpw amIvknv ]mn Dmse ` bsncpp. Anahni Ie\ n aA vZ \nv am Iv kn k hp am bn h m sX H pt]mIm \m hn s h a \ n em n bn cp p. A m ev aAvZ\n ]pdndnbncp Hcp amknIbpm bn cp p. ""ap kv enw dn hyq'' F m bn cp p t]

aAvZ\n: BgvNXnv apssIsbSpp

]{Xm [n], N{nI BgvN Xn v, ]n._n. \64,ssh. Fw.kn.F tdmUv, tImgntmSv673001email:[email protected]

IpI


4/74

52013 P\p hcn 12 18BgvN Xnv

cv. C Xn "I em Iu ap Zn bn h ]n Wdm bn hn P b s kp Zo L am b C hyqhnsXnsc Hcp \ adp]Snpdnv {]kn o I cn s tm, {] kv Xp X te J

\w hfsc tZmjw sN psav ` b A s amIvknv `cWw sXmb NneIm c W ] d v ""ap kv enw dn hyp''\n tcm [n p I bpw {] kv Xp X e w hym] I am bn I p sI p I bpw sN bv Xp. Fm te J \w e Lp te Jm cq ] nNn te S fn se mw {] kn o I cn p. ]nW dm bn hn P b s C kv emw hn cp hpwap kv enw hn cp hp am b \n e ]m Sp I sfte J \ n hn iZo I cn ncp p. am Ivkn v ]m n p n F m Im e hpw hf sc k Po h am bpw hn Z Kv [ am bpw {] hnncp apkvenw hncp tem_n aAv

Z \nbp sS hn j b n h f sctb sd I fnnpv. ChcpsS hn{InbI amIvknv ]mnsb ^en apkvenw hncpam p Xn epw Nphns\ ] e am t WImhn hWtmSv kZriampXnepw H c f thm fw hn P bn n p ap v.

cmw XhWbpw aAvZ\nsb IpSpp Xn kn.]n.Fn v ] n sv ]dbm h. Hcp aWnq IqSn Imncp m kp {]ow tIm S Xnbn \n v In pam bn cp Pm ayw In m Xm p XnF.Un.F v k m dn s B y c hIpv hnZKv[ambn Ifnnpsv \ymbam bpw A \p am \n t n bn cn p p. Hcp Xcw \n_ _pntbmsS Hc aWnv IogSntb Xocpshpw Asn AIv Ibdn Adv sNpsapw Ii\ kzcn Ayimk\w\ In b C S Xv k m dn s s]m eo kvamIvknv ]mnpnse Imhn ` v ]m Z tk h sN p I bm bn cp p.] e am Iv kn v t\ Xm fpw A ambpw Xo {h am bpw ]pdp hnSpapkvenw eoKv hntcm[w ^en apkvenw hn tcm [am bn ] cnW an n m Wv C

s\ tem_n cq]w {]m]n Xv. tImS Xnbn Io g S msa v Xo cpam\n v ]p d vh a A v Z\n sb A dv sN bv X tI c fs]m eo kv h f sc [r Xnsv IWm S Is]m eo kn \v ssI amdp I bpw sN bv Xp.

Ncn{X ZuXywH.Fw. CkvlmJv, Ipnpdw

aAvZ\nbpsS hnj b n s]mXpkaqlns a\:kmn DWp

Xn N{nI BgvN Xnv ]pd n d

kn\nam \ncq]WsaA]ISfntPymXn Zmkv, DZbw Ipp, ae pdw

Pn.]n. cma N{s kn\nam \ncq ] W n\vFw.F. dlvam \Inb adp ]Sn A embn.{Sm^nv, km v Bv s], DkvXmZv tlm,\h X cwK kn\n a I Ch sb sbmw aX nsAfhptIm shv Afv hymP `mjbp]tbmKnv ]pXn sbmcp A] I S I c amb kn\nam \nn

Xnbpw \ncq ]W kwkvIm chpw BWv cma N{\nlnpXv. CXv Xpdp ImstS XmWv. kn\n aI \ncq]n s tS Xv XsbmWv. ]t Xs Hfn APbp]tbmKnvPn.]n. Ifn p Cu kn\n am fn A] ISwXs bmWv.

DS Zzo]nse\nm c sI.Pn. dkmJv ImktKmUv

nb a\p jym h Imi ewL\ hncp ] Xnv\n ln ]v Ncn {X{] [m \ am sWv am{XwAdn bn s.

lwk p n bpsSD S Zzo]nse \nm c Ft\mh XopwhyXy kvXX]pep Hcp t\mhsev ]d bmsX \nmlan. t\mh Fv]d bp Xn t\ mHcp Ncn{X t\mhFv ]d bp Xm bn

cnpw icn.Iq Ds SphS ae _m dns]ucm Wn Ihpw B[p\n I hp amb Ncn{Xw

hcp Imn sm m bn cpp, Cu t\mh ensBcw`w Xs. hnhn[ {]tZ i fpsSbpw Xe ap d Ifp sSbpw A\p h , Ah D]tbm Kn p`mj bnse hyXn bm \ , Ctm gs am Ch sbms Ah cp ] tbm Kn kwkm c m j bnXs kp cambn hc p Im Wnpsh XmWv Cut\mh ens Ghpw henb {]tXy IX.

amdn amdn h Xe ap d I fpsS PohnX coXn I

IpI


5/74


BNm c , A\p jvTm \ , IpSpw_ _ Ah cpsS CW fpw ]nW fpwCkvem anI Ncn {X fpw _m_vcn akvPnZpw,AXns [zwk \hpw AXn\ptijw AsX s\thW am bn cp p sh A`n {]m bhpw, [oc X tbmsS

FSpv Imnb Cu t\mh ens\ HmwInS t\mhFv ]dbmw. Ay {]hmNI \mb apl Zv \_nbpsS _m AhcpsS _mm AhcpsS _mmAs\ 21 XeapdbpsS thcpI Hcp t\mhenDs SppI FXv Hcp hnkva b m gvN bmWv.

Pn.]n. cmaN{s CSs]SsI.hn. apl Zv Aq_v

ss_p kem av, ]n b c,tImgn tmSv.

N{nI BgvN Xn ns Xncn p h chv Kw`ocambn. ae bm f nse Ghpw anI BgvN Xn pIfn Hmbn N{nI hfsc s]sv Xs amdn gnp. sInepw anepw D S nepw N{nIanIhpw sshhn [yhpw ]pepp.

"DmgvN bn Pn.]n. cma N {s Is epIfpw hne bn cp ep Ifpw {it b am hpp.tlmfn hpUv, t_mfn hpUv kn\n a I fn \npwA\p I cnpw IS sa Sppw Is Sppw ae bmfkn\n a bn Imn q p B`m k Pn.]n. Xpdp Im pp. kv{Xohn cp Xbpw apkvenwZfnXvhncp {]Nm c Whpw ae bmf kn\n a bn IS ph cpp.

kn\n aI fnepw kocn b ep I fnepw aZy ]m \hpwhnhm tl Xc _ fpw am\y amb CS ]m SmbnNn{Xo I cn p Ibpw Ah X cn n p IbpamWv.kv{XoIsf shdpw \ Xm {] Zi \ n \p D]m[n bmbn ImWp Ibpw sNpp. kn\na I fn semwkv{XoIsf ieyw sNpXpw t{ZmlnpXpwapw henb hocIrXyambnmWv Nn{XoIcnpXv.Xs ieyw sNpIbpw ]oUnnpIbpw B{IanpIbpw sNp \mbIt\mSmWtm aebmfkn\nabnse \mbnIbvv Ftmgpw t{]aw tXmmdpXv. Aoehpw A{Iahpw \ndp\npCcw kn\naI Iphfcp Hcp XeapdbpsS

kwkvImcw Fmbnocpsav NnntXmWv.{io. sI.kn. tPmkv Fgp Xnb "apwss_ cm{XnI', {io. cmtPjv Ipam dns "aWm nsau\w' XpS n bh Gsd Xmev] cy ap Wn.

FtUmhvsav

hfp h cp kmlnXy {]Xn

Imbn 10,001 cq]bpw Ion ]{Xhpw AS p Hcp ]pc kvImcwIm ae bmfn kamPwXp kvamcIn GsSpn.

]pkvXI cq] n {]kn o Icnv Ign n n m Ihn X I fptSbpw IYI fp tSbpw kam l c Wm bn cnpw Xp kvamc Ins Im ae bmfn kamPwFtUm hvsav ]pckvImcw. Hn Shn hj fn Ihn XpwIYpw amdn amdn \Ip ]pc

kvImcw Ccp ] n bv hb nIhn bm Fgp p Imp XmWv. 2012 se ]pc kvImcw IhnXmkam lm c n \m bn cnpw. ]cn K W\ mbn kan p IrXn I fpsSaqv tImn I hbv sXfn bnp kn^nv klnXwAUvan\nkvt{S XpkvamcI {Sv, Xp ]dv,Xncq, aepdw676101 F hnemkn 2013 P\phcn 25\Iw Abt XmWv.

IpI

sNdp IYm ]pc kvImcwFmaXv F. alaqZv IYm]pc

kvIm c n\v IY I Wn pp.{]kn o I cn n n m auen I ambcN \ I fmWv ]pckvIm c n\v ]cn K

WnpXv. anI IYbvv 2013cq]bpw {]i kvXn ] {Xhpw ^e Ihpw\Ipw. cN \ I 2013 P\phcn30\Iw F. sal aqZv IYm]pckvImckanXn, C/o. sslth t{StUgvkv,]n.H. Nnd , Iq670011 Fhnem k n Ab t XmWv.t^m: 9895597185. C.sabn:[email protected].

BtcmKy kpc {][m\whn.sP. tPmPp, ]mh dn

Kpcp hm bq t{X ns {]i kvXnpw `cpsS t{X Zi n\pw t]md temsX XsNw I s {]iv\ ]cn l cn m

Ignbpw.

Kpcp hm bq cnse e ] cn an Xn bmWv Hcp{][m\ {]iv\w. temUvPp I IpdvZqtcv amn icnbmb ipNoIcW {]h\ tfmsS Bcw n p I bm sW nCXn\v Hcp ]cn lm c amhpw. `v

t{X n tev hcm hml \ Gs Sp p Ibpw sNmw. CXv Kpcp hm bqcn Pohn p P\ fpsS BtcmKy kp cbvpw \ Xm bn cnpw.


6/74

72013 P\p hcn 12 18

hnfv A_q Ppam

BgvN Xnv

""\nbw, AmlphmWv hnns\bpw Ipcp sfbpw ]nfp Xv. Poh \n m Xn \nv Poh\p Xn s\bpw Poh \p Xn \nv Poh \n m Xns\bpw ]pd s Sp p Xv Ah \mWv. Ah \mWvAmlp. ]ns sb s\ \n hgn sX n tmhpp?''

(hnip JpB 6:95).

an hoW hnv ]nfv Ce I ]pd p hvsNSn I fmbn Dbp hcp Xv Gsd hnkva b I c ambA\p h am Ipp. Hmtcm hnpw AXns K` ]m {Xn Hcp Pohs\ sImp \Sppv. apw Imemh bpw ]mI am hp tm ssZh lnX {]ImcwAXnse Poh Xfn cmbn, eX bmbn, sNSn bmbn,]qhmbn, Imb bmbn \s IIp fnn pp. Poh\n m hnv As\ Pohs \m`n bmbn amdpp.B kkyn \nv hopw hnpI. Ahsbmwhopw sNSn I fm hpp. As\ Pohs N{Iw Idn sm n cn pp. ]n I Xnv Xpp tXm`n tijw hb n \nv hnkPy tm sSmw]pdp hcp tXm Ipcp EXp fn ]e a{]X e fn ]Xnv ssZh hn[n bm ]nfv apfv{]Ir Xn bpsS Poh Xm f ns `mK am bn o cpp.

tImgn, {]mhv, Xmdmhv, ]cpv XpSn ]n hKwap bn Spp. CW bpsS kmn [y a dn ap I

\nnX ka bs AS bn cp ns NqSv e`n p tmssZh \nb {]Imcw tXmSv ]nfv Ipv ]pdvhcpp. ]n apX ]mv hscbp DcKfpsS apI fn \npw Poh \p Ipp ]pdp hcpXpw hnkva b tmsS \mw ImWpp. ZpK ap fhm p {kh n \nmWv a\pjy inip hns]ndhn. AtN X \ Xz n \nv tNX\! CsX s\kw` hn pp Fv \nXy n c n \n S bn \mwBtem Nn m dn sv am{Xw. At\Iw AtN X\ aqeI IqSn t cp tm gmWv Poh hkn p ico c cq]w sImp sXv imkv{Xw \s ]Tn npp. Xopw \nPo h fmb cmk ] Zm

\nnX Af hn tNcp tm Poh kv]n ptZl hnkva b fp m hpp.

Poh\nmhbn \nv Pohs\ ]pdpsImph Am lp hns A]m c amb C Xs bmWvt\sc Xncnpw kw`hnnpXv. Fm Poh\pw Hcn \nep t]mhpp. sNSn I DWn {ZhnpatmSp tNcpp. ]n arKmZnI Poh shSnvapambn tNcpp. a\pjy\pw CXn\]hmZa. Poh\p kI eXpw Poh \n m Xmbn amdpp. ssZhns lnXw am{X amWv Hmtcm Poh s]men bptmgpw \nd th s Sp Xv. asmcp hymJym \hpwAXn\v \Im \psS ssIh i an. ssZhw Cnp sX tm gmtWm Atm Poh Ah km \npp. \{X DZnpXn\pw AkvXanpXn\pw IWpmhmw. a\pjys [njWbvv AXv{Kln s Sp m {]m]vXn bp m hmw. Fm XsBbp ns KWnXw a\p jys _pn bn sem Xpm cl ky ambn tijn pp. C \m DZbwsNbvX Poh C Znhkw AkvX an p sav {]hNn pI a\p jy\v km[n p X. alm {]] fpsS hn[m Xm hn\v am{X a dn bp cl ky am WXv.""{]`m Xs s]mn hncn bn p h \m W h.cm{Xnsb im am n b h. kqcy N{amsc ImeK W \ bpsS \nZm \ am n b h. AXv {]Xm ]nbpwkh \p am b hs {Iao I cWw'' (hnip Jp

B 6:96). hnv apf bv p Xv apX D I]Xn p Xp hsc Cu {]] ns ""A\ am X a hW \ob''amb kIe {]Xn m k fpsSbpw {Iao I cWw ssZh cNn X as{X. Fnpw a\pjys Nn Fp sImv B ssZh n \nvsXn tm hpp FmWv Jp Bs tNmZyw. t\scNnnp ssZhn FpXn\v ]Icw a\pjyFn\v hfp Nnnp hgn sXpp? ]\pcphn\nv ]\, tXbn \nv sXv _oPn \nvPoh Pme ... Ah sbmw HSphn atmSp tNcpIbpw sNpp. NnbpsS PmeI \mw XpdpshWw.

hnpw sNSnbpw


7/74


A\p`hw Fm epw XXz Nnm] c amb ka ky Iq Sn bm Wv. ImcWwA\p`hamWv Adnhns ASnm\sa hmZ n\pw adp hm Z n\pw Bbn c W n\v hj fpsS ]g apv.Fnepw ASp Imev {]knCy Zmi \n I \mb kp kcqmbn bpw, kmaqly imkv{X \mbtKm]m Kpcphpw Xn \SkwhmZw ]pkvX I cq ] n HmIvkvt^mUv {]kn o I cn Xv Cu Zni bnHcp hgn n cn hm Wv. "s]mnb ImSn'(The Cracked Mirror) FmWv Cu]pkvX Ins t]cv. ImSn s]mnbmepw apJw hnIr X am hp atm! \Im Snp apn \nmWv kzwapJw Xncn dn bp Xv. bYm n\psS apJ ns ku cytam sshcq

]ytam A adnv ImSnbpsS kz`mhamWv \psS ImgvNsb, A\p`hs\nW bn p Xv. Cy \ h bn ZenXp I A\p hn tn h "sXmp IqSmbva'sbpdn mWv Cu ]pkvXIw{]Xn ]m Zn p Xv. "A\p h sbpwknm sbpw kw_n p Hcny kwhmZw' FmWv ]pkvX Ins D] iojIw. A\p hsFs\ sskm n I ambn AS bm f sSpmsa {iaamWv Cu kwhmZ teJ\ fn Bhn jvI cn p Xv.

Fm hpw A\p h fp v. ]t

{nbfneqsS t\Sp A\p`hw Hcpa\p jys\ kw_ nv ]ca{][m \ hp amWv. A\p`hamWv \ne\nev]v Xssbv]Sn m d Zmi \n I _Inenknm n m {ian n cp p. (existenceis perception)HcmfpsS A\p`hamWvAbm fpsS hynXzw cq] s Sp p sXv ]d bm dp v. ImWp Xpw,tIp Xpw, cpNn p Xpw, aW p Xpw, kv]in p Xpw am {X amtWmHcm fpsS A\p hw? AXn \ p d apHc\p h s p dn mWv ann p Ikwkm cn p Xv. AssZz Xn Ifpw kq^nIfpw kwkm cn p Xv AXo {n b ambA\p h s p dn m Wv.

"kzw AkvXnXz ns kmcsn t_m[ an m hv \nemhpwAn fnbpw Iv Fv tXmm' FvPem ep o dqan ]mSp tm \psSkucymkzm Z\w shdpw ImgvN am {X a mXm hp p. ImgvN bYm n \psSImgvN m SmWv \nW bn p Xv.

A\p hw ASn m \ am n bmWvbYm n `uXn I hm Zn Ifpw Bib hm Zn Ifpw knm sIn sm n

b sXv XXz Nn bpsS Ncn{Xw

A\p hn h cpsSkzXzw

tUm. ]n.sI t]m

XXz Nnm ] c amb ka ky sbvhnti jnnm hp A\p`hhmZ s pdnv Hcp \nco Ww


8/74


ImWnp Xcpp. "Ac D]]tX' F D] \n jZv {]tbm Kn\v In IpSn sIm p ]c ak Xy sav hymJym \n p h cpv!Bflm hn s\bpw {_ sbpw ]ca k Xy sbpw Fmw t\cnvkmm XvI cn p Xn s\ p

dnmWv ann p Ifpw AXo {n bhm Zn Ifpw ]d bp Xv. AhpwthXv A\p`hamWv. A\p`hsaXv AXpsImv Fpw Bpw\nWm b I am Wv.

kulrZspdnv ]dbptm F\n Xv Bfl I Ym ] c amhp Xv Fs A\p h fpsSshfn n hnh cn m t\m,hymJym \n mt\m Rm {ian p Xn \m emWv. ab p a cp p I tfm,aZytam D] tbm Knv A\p h fpm p h cp v. km[m cWambt_m[m h bn \nv hyXy kvXambn kz]v\kZriamb A\p`hfp mm \mWv Ah As\sNp Xv. kmln Xy nstemIw k ev] fpw `mh \ bpw,bmYmyhpw IqSntmWvcq] s Sp Xv. bYm tem Iv\ne \nm ]eXpw kmln Xyn k ev]n m dp v. Fgp pIm c/Imcn Ah ImWp I bsNpXv. adnv Ah kev]npIbmWv. Fm AhcpsS k

ev] ntem `mh \ bntem cq] sSp _nw_ Abm fpsSapn {]Xy sSpp v. bnbm sW n epw, ]d pw X fn I bmsW nepw, Bbn c smv cmhp Ifnse Ap X tem I fm bmepwhmbn p hv Hcp {]tXy I XcwA\p h am Wv. ab p a cp p IHcmsf ab p tm hyXy kvXamb A\p h amWv Dm Ip Xv.A\p h s p dnv ]d bp tmkm[m cW Hcm Fn t cp XvBfl I Ym ] c amb AXm bXv

kzw A\p`h]camb hnhcWn te m Wv. Fm hpw hyXykvX amb A\p h I Y I ]d bm \pm hpw. Fnepw A\p h sam{Xw tI{o I cnv kXym t\z jWs hymJym \n mtam F{]iv\w Fpw XXz Nn bn kPohamWv. hniv Hc\p`hamWv.Fm ` W ap m bnpwAYhm `Ww e`y am bnpwHcm hni n cn p Xpw `Wwe`n m Xp sImv hni pXpw hyXy kvX amb A\p h am


9/74


Wv. `Ww e`n m Xn cn p Xv,AXn \p th km nInXn bn m Xv Hcm fpsS hnins kz`mhw ampsav thWwIcp Xm. adnv thW sa n

Ftmgpw shw e`n pw, Asn `Ww e`n pw F{]Xo bn "\ncm lcn'phv hyXykvX amb A\p` hamWv Dm hpI!

"Fs t\cn p A\p h amsWv' km[m cW \mw ]d bm dpv. ]dptIX, adnv IXm sWmWv CXp sIm mWvDt in p Xv! AXp sImvCs Zriy am [y a fpsSImgvN kzbw sXfn hmbnXocpXv ImWmw. ImWp XvbmYmy am sW hnizmkwcqV aq e am Wv. ]mns\ Isv]d bp h Ftmgpw ]mns\ImWm dn tm? Ib dns\]mmbn ImWpsav am{X a ,Ib t]mep an msX ]mns\ImWp h cp v. a\n ImWpIbpw ico c n apdn thpIbpw sNp sa Imcyw \mw ]etmgpw Hmm dn!

kp kcqm bnbpw tKm]mKpcphpw tNv cNn ]pkvXIw

""A\p h ns cmjv{So b hpw,

knm h c W nsss\Xo I Xbpw'' N sNm\mWv {iansXv Ah AhImi sSppv. (The CrackedMirror, ]p. 224), Cy bnseZenXpIv AhcpsS A\p`hw ASn m \ amnm\km Z\ imkv{X\nanXn kmy amtWm FXmWv Ch D bn p

{][m\ {]iv\w. Zen X cpsS A\p

`hw "sXmp Iq Sm bva' bn eqsS ISph A\p`hamWv. av P\hn`m K n m XnIpw hyXykvX amb A\p h amWv "sXmp IqSm bva'. Acsamcp kmaq lnIkmlNcyneqsS ISphcptm a\p jy cpsS A\p hw

shdpw thZ \ tbm, tcmjtam Bbncn n . A\p hn m hpwCcI tfmSv A\p h ap m Imw.Fm A\p` hn hcpsS thZ\bpw, tcmjhpw, {]Xn tj [ hpw,BIp e X bpw, Akz XbpwA\p hn h cp tSXv am{X am Wv.AXp sIm mWv a\x imkv{XNnIn I \mb {^mkv ^m\IdphcpsS A\p`h koWX I hni I e\w sNbvXp sImv{]tXyIw "kzXz kn mw' XsBhn jvI cn m {ian Xv. hogphv hogvN thZ\bpw ImWphv NncnbpamWv km[m cWDev]m Zn n m dp Xv. "hoWmNncn m Nm Xn bptm'Fm Nncn m Ign bp hbYm Nm Xn am cmtWm?A\p hw Hcmsf Fp amnampw. I \mb sjs\ sb pdnv {^v Zmi \n I \mb km{Xv\S nb Kw`oc ]T \ n\v"]pWy hm f \mb sjs\' (SaintGenet) Fv t]cv \InbXv

Fp sIm mWv? Xo bmbpwA\p h ns hyXykvXafie A\mh cWw sNptm \app apn a\ximk{X ]chpw, Zmi \n I hpw, Pohn XK n bp amb Hcp "ApX sNv'Xpd A\p h am bn cnpw Dmhp I.

P\np hoWXp apX a\p jyA\p h ns temIn em Wv.sslZ K \nco n p Xv t]mse\psS k X an msX Fdn bs ev \msansXm

sW nepw ]no Sp Imcy \p sS A\p h fp ambn_smWv cq] s Sp Xv.IpSpw _w, kulr Zw, kaq lw,cmjv{So bw, hmb \, Fgp v,Akqb, ]oV \w, If hv, h \,{]W bw, acw apX embkhpw A\p h a fi e hp ambn_ s mWv \ne \np Xv.A\p h am Ip hI c bn\apv C\nbpw At\z jn psImt Ccn mw.


10/74


""cmPmth,\a kvI cnq Cu bmN Is\,Abm A\p h fpsS cmPm

hmWv Fsmcp sNdp I hnXHm bn epv. Ihn bmcv Fv adp t]mbn. cmPm hns\ Fm A[nIm c fp sSbpw DSa F

m\p \nv ]nh en mD an Sp Cu IhnX bmN Ishyn Xzs kIm cWw FSp pbpp. bmN I\v {]m[m\ywssIh cp Hcp `mhn bn tevIuXp I tmsS t\mn smvFgp Xn b Xm hWw IhnX. bmN I

scbpw Xpey b f hn A\m Y cm b hscbpw {][m \ m \v Ah tcm[np sImp cN\I hXvkKm flI kmln Xy ns `mKam bmWv. \nc h[n IY I, \mS I, t\mh ep I, BJym\ IhnX I.... Hsbpw A\p m h ]qw

A\mYv thn FgpXsh.CXp am{X a Cv km[n pI.Ctm thWsan Hcp bmNI\v Xs kzw Pohn X sagpXn{]kn o I c W n\v \Im hp\ne bp m bn cn pp. A\p h sagp ns\ \mw kzmKXw sNp Xv

BcmWv Fs

Fgp tX Xv?

C.]n. cmPtKm]me

GXv bmNI\mbmepw Ahv AhcptSXmb BflIYbpv.A\p`hmJym\sfmw HmtcmcpcptSbpw AhImiamtWm?


11/74


kmln tXym ]m Z \ hp ambn _ sHcp ]pXnb Xpd mbpw Xpd bmbpwAXv Cn[w amdn sm n cn ppF Xn \m emWv.

A\p hm Jym\w Hmtcm cp cp tSbpwAh Im i amWv. GsXm cmfpw kzwImcy fpsS DS a bmWv. CXv icn bmbP\m [n ] Xy X z amWv. alm m cpsSalm Jym \ amWv Bfl IY F XXzwCXn\v apn ]g In b Xm bn o cpp.Hmtcm cp pw Bfl I Y bpv AXnse JWvU Fgp Xn m Wnm \p Ah Imiw a\p jym h Im ins `mKw Xs bmWv. "hmb \ m

Fgp p Im cm hs' FXv ap t cnbpsS Hcp teJ\ns t]cmWv.hmkvXhn, AXv Atlw HcpIjI kt f \ n sNbvX {]kwK ns ]mT amWv. ]pXnb hnZym ym kn sbpw kmlnXy {]Nm c nsbpw ^e ambn sXmgn em fn Ifpw apkm[m c W mcpw IYbpw Ihn Xbpwt\mh ep sa gp Xp h cmbn amdpw F{]XobmWv aptcn BthitmsS AhXcnnXv. Ah kzwPohn X I Y I P\ k aw shpsapw AXv kmln Xym kzm Z \ nepw

`mjbnepw henb am v Imc W

am hp sapw Atlw \nco n p

Xmbn ImWmw. A\p h sa gpv FBfl IYm JWvU \ ns {]Im i\km[y X sb n ap tcn ]d bp n.Fnepw A s\sbmv IqSn km[yamhpw Fv ]Xn m p Iv tijw,Ctm sXfn bp I bmWv. A\p h sagp n henb Bfp Iv ]m fn Ifmhmw sNdn b hpw kzw A\p hsa gpXmw. IqSp X em fp I kmln Xyn tev hcp Xn Hcp sXp an.km[m c W m Xv Ghpw\mbn ]cn N b ap hnj b snkzw Pohn X s n Fgp Xp

Xv Iv, AXn\v \ ]npW hmb\ m cn \nv Inp Xv a\ n emnIqSp X IqSp X em fp I Fgp p Imcm hm Xm dmhpw. `mj bpsS P\ Iob amb hocys Ikyq a dnkw hnp sIm n cn p ioew hn]p e am hpXv Hcp {]Xn tcm[ {]h\wt]mep am tbmw.

A\p h sa gp n\v hnj b \n _ \ bn. Bfl I Y bnse Hc [ym b amWvHcp A\p`hpdnv. aph AdnbW sav Fgp Xp bm fn\v tXmpGX \p hhpw (AXns hnj b kq N \

apt cn Fw.Sn

Imins\ tI{amnsbgpXnb Ipdnn,Xm hnSphmb\mb

Hcp ]{XapXemfnsbimcocnIambn t\cnIY Fw.Sn adpshmsX FgpXnbXpwHmpI. Fw.SnbpsSkmlnXys hnebncpm Xs klmbIamImhp Hcp]cmaiamWXv


12/74


I tfmsS) A[ymbw sNm hp XmWv.C s\ sbmcp kmln Xy cq]w Dm bnpv Fpw AXv {iml am Ip pvFpw Adn m Hcp ]m Sm fp Iv,Ah cn kaq l ns Hmc fnsea\p jy c Sw hcpw Cn[w Bflm hnjvIm c n \p Xm]cyw

DWm, AXv khn ti jhpwA\yYm F t p ambn Cm Xm hp Xp amb Hcp]msSmcp ]mtSm Is]mXp {i bn tev hcm Imc WamIpw. AXv hmb \m \p h s sb t]mse kaq l ] T\w, Ncn {Xm t\z jWw,Bkq {XW {]{Inb Fn h sbbpwkzm[o \n m \p Icp p Xm bncnpw Fp t]mepw hnNm cn Ww.

Xpd s gp Xp Xv \ XmWv. AXvkaq l n \ kwhm Z v ImcW amhpw. Hfn p t\mw, ]c Zq jWw,Akq bm t{] cn X amb sImp ham\w Fn hv kmwkvIm cn I amb HcpsNdnb ]cn lm c sa n ep am bn ocpwAXv. CXn\v henb Fgp p Im XsXpSw Ipdn n pv. In, Imiv,Iv, Imaw Fn h bmWv Xs BflIYbpsS hnjb Fv tIcfnse Ghpw Xmc aq ey ap Fgp pIm c ]cky s Spn bn pv. Fw.Snhmkp tZ h \mb cp tS Xmbn h Cuhnfw _ c n A\p hm Jym\w, BflIY FnhbpsS kz`mhs kw_n hyXykvXamb Hcp kao ]\

ns kqN \bpv. Imins\ tI{ amn sb gp Xnb Ipdn n, Xm hnSp hm b\mb Hcp ]{X ap X em fnsb imco cn Iambn t\cn IY Fw.Sn adp shmsXFgp Xn bXpw HmpI. Fw.SnbpsSkmln Xys hne bn cp m Xsklm b I am Im hp Hcp ]cm ai amWXv. dn_ F (Akpchnv F)]m{X k ev] n\v Fgp p Im ckzPo hn X nepw hne In ppF b dn hn\v sNdnb {]m[m \y a bpXv. CsXmcp ]pXnb XpS amWv.CtX p Sv Fw.Snbn \npw as gp

p Im cn \npw Hw hnhn[ Pohn XX e fn \nh kn p h cn \npwam\yXAam \yXm k ev] t\mm sX bp Fgp p I hcm \n cnpp Fv Ddnmw. CXv kzIm cyhyn F ]cn I ev] \ sb s]p\\n Nn m klm b I ambkmwkvIm cnI hkvXp X I fmbn {]tbmP \ s Sm Xn cn n. Xt Xp am{Xw FvHcmv Icp Xm hp Hc \p hwXsbpw Fgp Xn t\m p tmAXn sIp]nWb Dsv Xmt\sXfnbpw. CXp m p Iqm bvam

t_m [ n\pw Cs Npp ]m SnGsd {]k n bn pv.

Fgp dn bm hpw A\p h sa gpns temIv CS apv. Fgp XmCjvSan m h cpsS kmn[yw IqSn CuFgp p cwKw {]Xo n pp. Cwo jnAwKo Ir X amb Dm c W {I a n (R.P-

Received prononciation) kwkm cn mAXns hc samgn {]nu mbn Inptkm^vv shb hnv IpdpsImambn.ae bm f n\pw Cusbmcp kuIcyw hptNm, Dd mWv, kmlnXyns cwKsmcp Ipepapmhpw. hmsamgnhcsamgn thXncnhnsbSnm\nepsskmnI Iev]\I ]p\:]cntim[ntnbpw hcpw. kzambn ]dp]InbXns kn.Untbm s]ss{UhvtImntbm InseSpv ]{Xm[n]sctbm{]km[Is\tbm tXSnsbp "A\p`hk' km[mcWZriyamhm Gsd

mew thnhcn.A\p h sa gp n a[y m\w

\nWm b I am hp tm gmWv Imcy fmsIamdp Xv. tPW en nIv bpn I fp ambnHcm asm cmsf Isn, Xs tNmZyn \p adp ] SnI tIs gpXn AXvA\p h sa gp mbn {]kn o I cn p XmWv {]iv\ ap m p Xv. CXn HcpXcw Cc]nSpapv. X\nv th hnjb , X\nv ]Yy amb Du ep ItfmsS at bm fns A\p h m Isp Akp JI c amb {]h \ am

WnXv. an tmgpw A s\ bmWv kw` hnp Xv. CXn s\ Xn cmb Icp X emWvthXv. Cu tPWenks adn ISp Bfli n bn tev A\p`hsagpv IS m Xn cn n Fv \ymb ambpw{]Xo nmw.

A\p hsa gp ns\ cl ky ambn ]ncmIp Ibpw ]c ky ambn hnain p IbpwsNp h cn `qcn m Khpw IYt\mhcN bn Xm fmWv. IYm Jym \ n\v ]Icw\np A\p h I Y\w F Xm W hcpsS ]cmXn. Iem N cn{Xw t\mn bmCXn s\m c Sn m \hpw C. Hcp XSw

Dm bm CXns\ adn I S m \p kKtijn {]I Sn n p Xn eqsS Fgp pImv kzbw ]pXp m\pw \ cN \ I fpm m \p ap kml N cy sam cp p IbmWv sNpXv. tIadbpsS ]ndhn Nn{XI e bn ep m nb IpXn pI]gaHmpI.

bmN I A\p h fpsS cmPm hm sWn, AXv Fgp Xn s fn bn mAbmv Ah kcw sImSp p I btthXv? Abmsf \ntcm [n mBmWv Ah Imiw?


13/74


ae _m dnskvt\lw

Fs P\ \hpw hfbpsamw Ip wIpfpw AhnsS \nvsXtm p am bn cpp. ae _m dn s\ pdnv CXp sIm smw F\nvbmsXmcp [mc W bp ap m bn cp n.Ftmtgm GtXm mn ae _mdns amv hcbvpItbm AXn B{]tZiw ImWp Itbm sNbvX sNdnb

Hcp ]cn Nbw am{Xw.tIphf ae_m Fs kw_n n S tmfw hm smcp \mSm bncpp. Hcp ]nms Ssmpw ]dm ]q am hn. Ahn Sps P\ sfmw sI mphtcm ]nim Nptfm Hs bm hm sap t]mepwAs sNdnb _pn bn RmNnn p t]m bn cnmw. A {iotZhnA \ ns Cw Ip wIp fn\v sXp Fcp a s n SpssIp f c sb {]tZ i m bncpp. As Cw Ipw Ip fp

\np Fp Intem ao amdn bp Cmen em bn cpp. Ccn m e p Spt]mIp hgn bn em bn cpp Cu{]tZiw.

A sbpw A bp sSbpw _p sfmw Xma kn n cp Xv h nd,Beph XpS nb {]tZ i fn em bncpp. ]ecpw km tPmen m cm bncpp. ew amw hcm km[y X bp tm Ftm p t]mv sNbvXmepwae _m dn te m h cptX ssZh ta sbpCh scmw {]mn p Xn\v GsdXhW kmn bmthn hcn Ibpw

IqSn sNbvX tXmsS F\npw ae _mImWm\pw t]mhm\pw Xma kn m \psampw km[y am Im h smcp`oIc {]tZ i ambn. Fs Ccp ]Xp hbphsc Rm IpwIpfn\v hSp`mKtv Xosc kcnncpn.

hen b tZhIn A \ nshon \nm bn cpp tImfPv ]T\w.

Beph bp.kn.tImf Pn em bn cppRm ]TnXv. AbpsS As_p hmb Hcm tImgn tm Sn\pkao] {]tZ i p IS ep n bnXma kn n cp Xmbn Rm sslkvIqfn ]Tn p tm ]dp tIn cpp.tImgn tmSv cm[m Xntb dnse ^nenwHm td dm bn cpp Atlw. Abvvktlm Z c s\ tm se bm bn cpp Ct lsa nepw Rm Hcnepw B a\pjys\ In cp n.

HXmw mkn ]Tn sh Aacnp. ]noSv Cu amas\ pdnv A[n

I sampw Rm tIn. hS]mnse Btcm atN I h t]mepkn\n a I Nne anb HmI hS tIc fs p dn v F\np\In.

hen b bpsS aI\v ] qv{Smkv^ ASnp h tm Fn \obdnwKv {Kmtzvkv Atkm kn tb j{]kn Umb G Xncp h \ ]p cvt]mbn e wamw amn n m {ianXpw Iptd mew i f an msX Ah[n sb Sp Xp samw F\nv Hmbpv. Fm bmepw ae _m hm

{]apJcpsS HmaI]cc Bcw`npp

Sn.Un.cmaIrjvW

tIphf ae_m Fs kw_nnStmfw hmsmcp\mSmbncpp. Hcp ]nmsSsmpw ]dm ]qamhn...


14/74


smcp A]ISw ]nSn eamsWv Cu kw`hhpw Fst_m[y s Spn.

sdbnsh bn tPmen Inn

tPmbn sNm \mn \npcm{Xn hnp awK em ]p ctp t]mb tmgpw Ccpfpw Ddhpw ImcWw ae _mImWmsX F\nv c s Sm\mbn. Ccp ]Xp Ccp ] n sbmphb n tPmen In nb Bfm b Xn\m Fhn sS m bmepw{Smkv HmU hmpI sNdnsbmcp kyq vsIbvkpambn ASph nv ]pXnb evtPmbn sNpI. CXm bn cppsdbnsh bnse BZy Imew.

Xan gv\m nse NnZw _ c n\vkao ]s hnp ]p cv RmtPmen s n b tm gmWv tImgntmtv {Smkv HmUe`n Ca b h c s A\pwAbpw Fs m Wm hXv.Hcp ayqz {Smkv^ dn \ptPmbnv An t j \p am bmWvAh F\n cn In Fn bXv.Rm Hnm F\nv Cu ]nm n \np \mSns Iptd qSnASp tv Fmw. Ahm

sW n aI GsX nepw aebmfn s]Ip nsb sIn tIc fn sInbnSsSpXv Hgnhmmw. Abm fpsS amXm ]n Xm

Fs Imep ]n Snp. kXyn AXn s sbmpw Bh iyan. F\npw Gsd {]tbm P \ ap Xm bn cpp B ]Xn.

Rm IqSp X Hpw Btem Nnm \nn. Hnp \In.Ahv D X fn \ ]nSn]mSp m bncp Xn \m hfsc thKwRm tImgn tm tpw Ca b h c hnp ]p c tpw am sp.

1982 s XpS n em bn cppRm tImgn tmv tPmen s nbXv. apXp hjw ]qn bmhm t]mhp Fs sdbnthPohn X nse ktm j tmsSRm tPmen sNbvX Hchjam bn cpp tImgn tms BImew. ae _m dn s\ p dn pFs Fm A_ P Un e amb[mc W Ifpw amdm\pw [mcmfwkplr p sf km Zn m \psamw Cu Imew Fs klmbnp.

ae_mdpImcpsS kvt\lw lrZbns Dn \np hcp

XmWv. Hcn epw AXv \nFs nepw Imcy em n \p Xm hn. Xriq cnepw Xncp h \ ]pc p samw _ n S bn

kzmX bpsS hm smcp ASnsbm gp p mhpw. Fs Pohn Xn tImgn tm p Im sc tmsekzmX sXmp Xo m a\pjysc thsd Fpw Rm Inn.

R fpsS \mp Im scmw"Hm', "Hm' Fo ae _m dnse{]tbm K sf ISp ]cn lmktm sS bmWv In cp Xv."Ah', "Ah' XpS nb hmpI fnse ISpw ]n Spw Ch bn e.lrZ b ns Dn \nmWvCcw hmp I ]nd hn sb Sp pXv.

sdbnsh bn Ib dn bnv A[nI Im e am bn n. sNdnb tPmen.sNdnb ifw. apnbpw cvA\n b mcpw H apv. hnhmlwIgn bm Xn \m Izmtgvskmpw Inm hnZqc km[y Xt]mepan. BsI ifw 540 cq]bmWv. Hcp amks ifw hoSn\vAUzmkv sImSp m t]mepwXnI bn. Fs ko\n b Bb


15/74


Snv IeIvSdmWv ]c\mSn kztZin bmb Ipn cm bn lmPnsbIm Fs nepw ]cn lm c ap mhpsav AdnbnXv. henb AUzmkvCmsX Fs i f n\v HpHcp sNdnb hoSv. FhnsS Bbmepw Znhkhpw t]mbn h cm\pw sdbnshtj ASp p Xpam hWw. Asn thsdbpw bm{X sN e hp IDmhpw.

]papXp hbp Hcp IhSm c \m bn cpp lmPn bm. Fs ]cnN b s Sp p Ibpw Fs {]iv\wko\n b Ah X cn n p Ibpw sNbvXp.

""Hm Abn s\m \sf _oSp tmCv AhnsS Xma knmw.''

lmPn bm AUzmkn s\ p dnp]d n. IS em kp I FgpXn Xmdm t Xn s\ p dnp ]d n.CsXms Ipd sm p a Ap X sSp n bXv.

]c\mSn sdbnsh tj\pkao ] m bn cpp Ipn cm bn

lmPnbpsS Hp cv G hcp]dv. aqcpsS hoSnt\mSv tNv\mep apdn I fp sNdnb HcphoSmbncpp AXv. 150 cq] hmSI.AXpw lmPn bm cpsS HuZmcyw.As amv A\pkcnv ]vapqdv cq]sbnepw B hoSn\v

hmSI e`npw. Ap ss]kAUzmkmbn lmPn bm hmn bnsXpw Fs ApXw Cc n np.

_ bn \np Xncn p hhyn bm bn cpp \ km nItijn bp lmPn bm. lmPn bmscIp ap p tm sgmw Atlwcmw temI alm bp ImesHm I Y I ]dbpw. IY I \ck am bn cnpw. ]t Xnc p tm Cu IY tIm \m hn.]me m tv Xmakw amn bnpwRm Iptd mew ChnsS Xma kn n

cpp. Hpw t]Sn m \n. lmPn bmcpsS `mcy a Fmhcpw HcpIpSpw _w t]m se bm bn cpp ApIgn n cp Xv.

]p ]Xn \mdp hb p lmPnbm cpsS aI sjco^ FtmgpwRfpsS hon hcpw. AvImktmp am{Xw ] bp Imeambncpp. \ Xan _lphhkv{Xw [cn sjco sb ImWm\ `wKnbmbncpp. B hmSI hoSvHgn tijhpw CXp h gn bn Xoh

n bn t]mIp tm Rm GsdKrlm Xp cXz tmsS B hoSns\t\mp am bn cpp. ]noSv Ftmtgmav Btm hoSv shm \mbnB hoSv s]mfnp. ]c \ m Sn bnsePohnX Ime m bn cpp Fshnhm lm tem N\. tIm \nmbncpp hnhmlw. shmv sNetcn Xd hm p Im cm bn cpp Ah.ae bm f n Iovkn t\mSv Xmc X ays Sp nb BZy Ime Ihn bmbhn.kn _me Ir jvW Wn cpsS]nap d m cn bm bn cpp Ah.

hnhm l tmsS Fs ae _m_w Dd p sh p thWw Icp Xm.Cp Rm\pw ]d bpp Rm Hcpae _m dp Im c \m sWv. FsbpwFs Fgp n s\ bp samw cq] s Spp Xnepw Chn Sps Impw agbp samw Gsd kzm[o \n n pv.tImgn tm Sn\v ]Icw F\npInnb ayqz {Smkv tImbtm sN qtcm Bbn cp sn Fs PohnXw Gsd amdn tm hpam bn cpp.

XmdmnbXv: a\p dlvam

Sn.Un.cmaIrjvW


16/74


A\nX Xn

ZnWm{^n Ihnbpambn

Hcp IqSnmgvN

Zn Wm {^n bn sIan Fn \o b dmbn tPmen sN sh bmWvB hm Fs {ibnsXv.cmPys P\ {]nb Ihnbpw kzmX {ykac Ncn{Xnse apWn t]mcmfnbp amb Fw.skUv.Uyp BsJFw_p fnsb (Mzwakhe Mbuli)_mv

sImbSn tkn Adv sNbvXn cnpp F hm Ipd sm paAp X s Sp n bXv. Ihnv CXp t]msemcp IrXyw \S m \m hptam. RmGsd t\cw Nnnp.

h sh dn bp sSbpw hwio bm [n ] Xyn sbpw N e I s]mn s dn bmkuv B{^nbnse Idp ktlmZ c s]mcp Xnb \mfp I B{^n \mj W tIm{K ns sImSn bptan s\k at ep Iognt]mcm Snb \mfp I fn Fw_p fn bpsSIhn X I Ipd sm p a P\ sfBthiw sImnXv. tZiob t\Xm ]s Sp p Iq kt f \ fn semw B \mfp I fn Cu IhnbpsS Bem ]\w Hgn p Iq Sm Bhm Xm bn cpp.

_me N { Npn m SnsBem]\ kuIpamcyw t]mse apghpw Hw taml \ amb Kmw`o cyhpap, Bscbpw BIjn pi_vZ am bn cpp Fw_p fn bp tSXv. BIhn bmWv Ctm _mv sIm \Sn bn cn p Xv. F\nv hniz kn m

\m bn.

tPml m kv_Kn\p kao ] apkv{]nwv oUv \K c nse ^mIvS dnbn ]{Xw hmbn sh bmWv Bhm IXv. IqSp X Btem Nn tm Ftm dnbn. Nne s]mcp t Sp I FhnsS sb msam Dssmcp tXm. 1999s Ahkm \

n emWv IY \S pXv.kplrpw Ihn bp amb Ah

Aen bpsS Fw.F Fw^n XnkokvCu Ihn sb p dn m bn cpp. AXp sImm bn cpp hm I tm IqSpX Adn bm Pnmk DS seSpXv. sh mcpw Xt io bcpw tPmensNp m]\ns ta[mhn Hcp{^v h\n X bm bn cpp. Ah scmwXv Fw_p fn sb Ihnsb Adnbn sp ssIa en.

Cy sb tmse ] Xvhjs ]g sam p an Cu cmPyns kzmX {y k a c nepw hntam N\ n\pw. GXm\pw hjw apv kzX{amb Hcp cmPys {]ikvX Ihnsb p dnpw kzmX {y k ac tk\m \nsb p dnpw Bpw Hp a dn bn s Xn GXm s s mtam Zpcq l Xbpv. Xo. Idp h cmb DbDtZym K cpw Adn bn sp ]d p.

kzw cmPy ns kzmX {y n\nWm bI ]p h ln HcmFs\ C{XthKw ]ucm cpsS lrZb fn \np ASp t]mbn.

astm CXn\p ]nn ep sp F\n

2

hshdnsXnsc t]mcmSnb Ihn BsJ Fw_pfnsbImWm ZnWm{^n XShdbntev t]mb A\p`hw...


17/74


\ Xzhp ap kv{Xo. BscbpwBIjn p kuay amb kwkmc ns DSa IqSn bm bn cpp BIdp hK m cn .

Ah Nmb ]Ip XpsImv FtmSv kwkm cn mXpSn. Fw_p fn sb p dn p

Fs kwibfpw Rm Ahcpambn ]p shp. B{^n \mjW tIm{K ns t\Xr Xznse Agn a Xn sbbpw av sImcp Xm bva I tfbpw hnain p XmWv Fw_p fnv hn\ bm hp sXp Ah Xpdp ]dp.hnai I \m b tXmsS ]mnpwcmPy n\pw Ctlw A\ n a X\mbn.

Fpw km Hmtcm I tkp I FSpv Fw_p fnsb \nccw th bmSn. Hmtcm tInepw

PUvPnp apn Xs \nc ] cm[nXzw sXfn bnv ]pd p h cp tXmsS ASp tIkv kms{^bnw sNpw. AXn Ahkm\t XmWv Rm hmbn _mvsIm. F\nv Cu IhnsbImWm sImXn bmbn.

hmbn Atls XShnen Pbn ens t]cp m bn cpp.Aev]w Zqsc amdnbmWv B Pbn.t\h gnv ki \m \p a Xn mbnGsd {ian snepw \S n. Hmtcm

Xh Wbpw hnhn[ hIpv A[n IrX ]e Imc W ]dvF\nv Fw_p fnsb ImWm \pAhkcw \ntj[np. se\ntbmvF Hcp Id Ivj skdn(Pbn-ens\ ChnsS correction centreFmWv ]d bp Xv)em bn cppAtlw Ign n cp Xv.

Fs \nc camb {iaw a\ nem nb sXm Sp konse {_nojp Im c \mWv F\nv Pbn ent]mhm \p X{w ]dpXXv. GXv Pbn en\pw Hcp

ki\ kabw ImWpsapw hs]mXn bp ambn A\p a Xn smpwImp \nmsX t]mbmImcyw \Spsapw B kl{]h I hni Zo I cnp.

`mhv Imdn Fs B IdIvj sk dn tev sImpt]mbn. ]e tcmSpw tNmZnpw tdmUvamv kkqvaw \nco n p am bncpp R AhnsS FntXv. `mhv Fs AhnSps ]mnwKv Gcn b bnCdn. Imdn Imn cpp.

pdmbn. Hm^oknt\mSp tN ASp f bn Nmb mbn t]mb tmkwi b v ]cn lm c ambn.

ASp f bnse Imcy sfmwsFdo F Hcp h\nXm Poh \ m cnbmWv t\mp Xv. sFiz cy hpw Ipeo

BsJ Fw_pfn


18/74


Ah cpsS _n em bn cpp Dn tevkiIsc sImpt]mbXv. Hcp t^mdn t]cpw tahn em khpw ImtWhyn bpsS t]cp samw FgpXnhmnb tij am bn cpp _n Ib nbXv.

hml \ n F\n sm ap m bn cp

hscmw AIp InSphcpsS Dhcpw _p fpw kplr p fp am bncpp. Rm am{X am bn cpp Hcn epwImWm Hcmsf tXSn B hml\nbm{X sNbvXXv.

F\nv ImWm \p hyn tbbpwImv ki\ apdnbn Ccpp. \Dbchpw Dd amwk t] in I fp ap HcpIdp kpc ApXtmsS F\n cn In tep hp. Xs ImWmhncnp AmX kplrv BcmsW Ap Xhpw Pnm kbpw BapJv Zqsc \nt F\nv hmbn m\mbn.

XnI A] cn Nn X XztmsSAbm Fs apn \np.

"Rm Cy m cn bmWv. tIc f n\nv ChnsS tPmen s n b XmWv.\n sf pdnp Hcp hm ItXmsS Hp ImW W sap tXmn'Rm Npcp nb hmp I fn ImcywAh X cn np.

Fw_p fn bpsS Ip I {]Im inp apJns kucyw ]pncntm ]Xn S mbn hnp. GtXm

Hcp {[ph \{Xw {]` ]c pw t]mse.F\nv ]Xn \p an\pv ka b amWvA[n Im cn I A\p h Zn n cn p Xv.Fgpv, PohnXw, ]oU\w XpSn Hcp]mSv Imcy tNmZn dn bm \pv. RmAh sbmw HXpn icn s Spnhbvm XpSn.

Rm Hcp sNdnb Fgpp _ppws]pw ssIbn Icp Xn bncpp. Npap s]meo kp Im Rsf {in mXpS n b tXmsS Fgpv A] I S ap mp sav Fw_pfn ]Xn i_vZ napdnbnv \InbtXmsS B {iaw Dt]

np.Hp cv hj ambn Abm XS hn em

sWp hyambn. Hcp tIkv Ignm ASp Xv. IqSp X Imcy Xs p dnv Adn bm \mbn Atlw ]pdp Hcp kplrns \ HcpXpp I S em kn Bcp sSbpw {ibns SmsX Ipdnp Xp.

Rm AtltmSv Hcp IhnX Be]nm Bhiysp. Nppw AXn\pkml N cy apm bn cp n. `m msc ImWm Fnb `mcy am,Ipp Ah cpsS Io Xpn I,

\nizm k , G e Sn I hnImchmbvtmsS bp ZoLn Btj....

Fw_pfn hfsc ]Xn i_vZn. sNhn bn a{n p t]mse

F\nv Ihn X bpsS GXm\pw hcn IsNmn Xp. HSphn kvt\l\n`cambn ]ckv]cw Aev]w ZoLn Btj n\p tijw R ]ncnp.

Fs ssIbn B [oc tZ im n am\nv \Im Imcy am sbm p ap mbn cp n. _mKn ]c Xn b tmkn.]n kptc{s (]h\s aI)"t]myp akv t]mbwkv' ssIbnepmbncpp. B ]pkvXIw AtlsGnp.

aS n sb nb tijw Fw_p fn bpsSkplrns\ Rm _sp. At

l ns tamN \ n \mbn {]hnp {Kqns apJy {] h I \m bncpp B kplrv. Fssmv Ignbm hp coXn bn Rm B {Kqp ambnkl I cnp. F\nv Imcy am sbmpwsNm Ign n cp n. CpwFw_pfn F\n sm apv. Fm ImcmKrlsfbpw t`Znp Hcp L\Kw`oc i_vZ n ep Ihn Xm i I e ambn.AsX tmgpw Fs Dn IqSp XIqSp X hy ambn apg p I bmWv;Ah km \n msX.

A\nX Xn


19/74

20 2013 P\p hcn 12 18 BgvN Xnv20 2013 P\p hcn 12 18 BgvN Xnv

kn.B. ]ctaizc / ]n.Fw. Pb

kmwkv Im cn I a fi es hn a eo I cn m \pw A hn sS bp am dm e I Xq p hm cm \pw h tmgpw a e bm fn bp sS Xm n I h cm bn apJw ImWnp, s]sv Dh en bp {] Ir X m c. A Xm Wvkn.B ]ctaizc F kn.B.]n.A tim tcm Kn I fp sS Iayq Wn se a\pjy kw L j n s I Y ] d bp "{]Ir Xn \nb aw' F CuSp H scm t\mh en \p ti jw Im hy k c Wn I D nsem fn n v km ln Xy kmw kv Im cn Ihn a i \w ap Jy ta J e bm n bn cn pbm. hn] ktiw, AklnjvWp X bp sS B h iyw, ap b \m bm pIm, sh dp v ` n p tm.... F n hbmWv av ]pkvXI. apJw t\m

m sX bp hn a i \w s] bv Xn d ptm \ p sS s]m Xp t_m [ s bpwkm am \y [m c W I sf bpw ap dn th nm {i an m dp v ] e tm gpw. G hpsamSphnembn kn.B ]ctaizcs\h m sX {] tIm ]n n Xpw th Z \n n Xpw Sn.]n N { ti J c s bpw jp q dns bpw A Xn {Iq c am b sIm e ]m X Ifm Wv. Cu c v sIm e ]m XIp ap n \ p sS e _v [{] Xn jvT cmb F gp p Im cpw kmw kv Im cn I kwL S \ I fpw ]p e n b A ew m h ]qW am b a lm au \ s bpw a e w a dn

p {] Xn I c W s bpw I n s

v \ Sn m kn. B. ]nbnse "p n Xa\ v' X m d. A s\ {] Xn Icn Xns t]cn ]e `mKp\npw ]gntI t n bpw h p. C Xn t\m sSmpw hm Nm e am bn a dp ] Sn ] d bm Hpw Xm ] cy an m sX dn bsav thfbn D h en v Po hn p p. Po hnXw Xs cm jv {So b h XvI cn a \pjy. AXn\m Nne hnai \ tfmSv a dp ] Sn B I W san Xs Po hn Xhgn I Xp d p ] d tb n h cp sa \ t_m [y ap v. F m tXm p Nqn bm epw B fl K X hn kv X cnm X m d s imTy nem Wv At lw. F n cn n epw kw kv Im cw, cmjv {So bw, km ln Xyw F o Im cy fn kn.B ]ctaiz a\ v Xpdp

p.

I hn X bpw I Y bpw am {X a G hpwtbm Kyw t\m h em sW pw sX fn bn kn.B ] c ta izc km lnXy \n co W am Wv Iq Sp X epw \ S n b Xv? AXn\m a e bm f km ln Xy n se ]p Xn b`m hp I Xz s p dn v?

]p Xn b `m hp I Xz s Ip dn v ] g bX e ap d bn se H cm ] d bp Xn Bfl \n jvT X aqew sX v ] m \p km[y X I G sd bm Wv . a sm cp Im cyw,

Cn d p c N \I fp sS _m lp eyw

aebmfnvkmaqlnIPm{KX]pem Ignbpn

B[p\nIm\c kmlnXy PohnXn\v FpsImv _elo\X?sIme]mXIfpw AgnaXnIfpw \SamSp sshIptcfn\psS kmwkvImcnI \mbI BtcmsSmamWv tXmfpcpn\SpXv?


20/74

212013 P\p hcn 12 18BgvN Xnv 212013 P\p hcn 12 18BgvN Xnv

aq ew F m F gp p Im sc bpwhm bn p I a \p jy km [y a F Xv. F n cp m epw Ir Xn I fpambp kmam\y]cnN bw hv] d bm \m Ip I F ] Xp Ip tijw ]qW km^eywssI h cn (accomplished)km

ln Xy n \p H gn hp Im e am sWmWv. FtmSv hntbmPnv {]I Sn n p Xn \v ap v, A dp ] Xntem F gp ] Xn tem k Po h cm bn cp _ jo ,X I gn, D dq _v,Fw.Sn., hn P b, hn.sI.F ,B\v, kdnb, Sn.B., Pn.,ssh temnn, C S t cn, Anw, kp K X Ip am cn, I m Sv, Bq c hn h a, F.F.]n ,kn.F.{io I WvT \m b Fnhv kaioj cmb Bscn epw F ] Xp I p ti jwDm bnp tm F v B tem NnpI. \psS \mNzdenvIm ] \n I km ln Xy Im c m cmbm epw B [p \n I cm bm epw X fpsS Ln iamb HcpXo vW ]cn k cw(milieu) kr nn cp p. F gp p Im cpw, {] XntbmKnIfpw kKmflI cN\Ifpw, X Z \p _ n bm b B flo bcm{o b N I fpw, afi\ \n cq]Wfpw, Jfi\ hnai\fpw, kwhmZfpw sImv k

Zm kPo h amb Hcp Xo vW ]cnk cw. a e bm f n se B [p \n Im\ c km ln Xy n \p Xn cndnbmhp Acw Hcp XovW]cn k cw(milieu)t]m ep an . Fn\p, Ah sc hni ZoIcnmt\m hn a i \ fn \nv {]Xntcm [n m t\m F Sp p ] d bmhp Hcp \ncq]I t]mepapm bn n . C Xv B [p \n Im \ c X e apdbpsS _ e lo\ X F Xn t\ m H cp Im e L ns _ e lo \ X bm bn Im Wm \m

Wv F\nv Xmev]cyw. kKmflI X ]p jv I e am p Xv hy nK X Fgp pIm sc F Xn t\m H cp Im e L s bm Wv.A Xn Im b m cp tS Xm b, a dn p D Zm l c W D m Imw.{] Xn m ip jv I am b H cp Im e L n ap Xn h cpw ]n X eap d bpw G dn bm "X c t Sn m' km ln Xyw F gp Xm \n_ n X cm Ip p F Xm Wv C s bmYmyw. F tm \ hm b \ m c \m b _m

kn.B. ]ctaizc


21/74


e N { NpnmSv CubnsS Hcpkp lr Zv kw m j W n tem I Ihn X bn epw B [p \n Im \ cw C c n ep H cp {] Xn m bw Ds p \n co n p I bp m bn. Hcp hy n K X F gp p Im c s tbmX e apdbpsS tbm X l Xz {]iv\am bn Im Wp Xn \p ] I cw Cukm aq lym h sb ] cn tim [n pI bm Wv th Xv. km ln Xy \n e hmc hpw F gp p Im c s ` b Zu _ey tem`fpw ]ckv]cw kzm[o \nv H cp Zq jn X h e bw D m n bn pv FXpw AhKWnpIqSm. HcpF gp p Im c s\ hn ebn cp t Xv A bm kz w \n e bn {]m amWn I(authentic) B bn cp tm? Xs Im e n t\m Sv {]m am WnI(authentic) B bn cp tm ? F

o c p Im cy ]cn tim [nmWv. Rm apt ]d FgppIm scm s s c p hn [ nepw {]m am Wn I cm bn cp p. B [p \nIm \ c km ln Xyn kz w\n e bn {]m am Wn I X bp F gpp Im D m hmw. F m, X sIm e n t\m Sv {]m am Wn I X sX fnbn n p F gp p Im Ip d hm WvF v F \n v tXm p p. D cm[p\nI Imew Hcp]mSv koW {]tab sImp hnpv. XIgn tm hn P b t\m Xm m fp sS

Ime tm Sv In S \n m B bt]m se ]p Xn b F gp p Im v D cm [p \n I Ime n s k a kyI tfm Sv InS \n ev m B bn p vF v F \n v tXm p n .

F m c m bnc n \p ti jwH cp ]p Xn b kzm yw a e bm f I hnX bn {] Xy am hm Xp S n bnpv. ASpnsS Hcp hmcnIbnhm bn c p Im kv I hn X I fpsS em fn Xyw t\m q:

XncndnhvIp gn tN e bp sS bp e n em bn cp pA h t\m p tm sgm si co c am sI ....C n tm D Sp m t]m ep am

Im sXkm cn e vAh s I n \n s sI gp tm fw ap dp In bn cn p p .icocw \new .

(^ km \ F.Fw.)

adp]mXnA n fn am a]m Xn ap dn Xm bn I tmIqpImcn F tmSv tNmZnp:"]m Xn sb hn sS tm bn ..."

cp ]mcpv\ sf tm seB Im iw t\m n \n p h ....Hcp ]mXn Ahsmapv .A hcpw \ sf tm seIm Wm sX t]m b ]m Xn sb n] c kv ] cw tNm Zn p p m hpw.(Aar X F.F kv.)

Cu I hn X I, {] Ir Xn {]m Y anI am bn I hn X D m Zn n p hn[w D Zm l cn p I am {X am bn cn mwsNp Xv. C cw B m Z I c am

b A\p` h ssk_ am[yan C tm k ar am Ipp v.] {Xm [n ] v C s Sp tam, {] kno I cn p tam F n s\ bp `bm i I C m Xn I Bflm hn jv Im c B Wv C cwI hn X I. C s\ sbm cp am w aebmf kmlnXyn Hcp hgnn cn hm Imw. C cw c N \ I `wKnbp ]p jv ] k ky am {X amWv. kmlnXytemIw ]pjv] kky fp sS am {X a s pw Z i \ hpw,km aq ly t_m [ hpw, \n c c am b

jpqdns\ ZoLt\cw hnNmcW sNbvXv,]I shfnn,Hcp ]mSv t]cpsS kmnyn IimpsNbvXtmtgm, AtX sNmn Pnmsk

{Idn hnPbImlfwapgnbtmtgm aebmfn A\nbn.Cs\ {]XnIcWaXb Hcp s]mXpkaqln GXv^mknn\mWv Fpw sNbvXp Ifbmw F Bflhn

izmkw hcmXncnpI? B BflhnizmkamWv N{tiJcs\ h[nm t{]cnnXv. hfsc B[nImcnIXbpw P\IobXbpw t\XrKpWhpw D N{tiJcs h[w, ]t, k

aqls Cfnadnp

ipq


22/74


km [ \ bpw sIm v t]m jn n s Sp hcfpsSXv IqSnbmWv Fv Cu ]pXn b X e ap d {I ta W Xn cn dn bp sa pwRm Binppv .

Jfi\ hnai\ns A`mhwsIm m Wv Cu ZiI \n cq ] W Ncn {X n {i t b am Ip I F v apsm cn F gp Xn p. k Xy n]p Xn b `m hp I Xzw cq ] s Sp p Xn\n cq ] I p an t ] v?

{]_ehpw ssPhhpw Bb Hcp kKm fl Im co am Wv B Zyw D m tIXv. kmlnXys am{Xa, kaqls sam w ]q cnXam p kmw kvIm cn Im co w. A cw Hcp ] cnnXn hy h bn \ \ncq ]W kzbtah DmIpw. Ahbn ]eXpw kKm fl I Ir Xn I t]mse X s `m hpI Xzw h f pw. a e bm f km ln Xy ns kphW ZiI Fv Rm Icp Xp A dp ] Xp I fn epw F gp ] Xp I fnepw ]p kv X Im n {]m b v t]m epwCu kz mhw D mbncpp. C v G sXn epw hy n l Xy bp sS `m K am bn DmIp A]qw Jfi\ hnai\ H gn m km ln Xy aq ey n ep B Imw sIm p h D m Ip n .Cp \app \ncq]W kpZo

L am b _p I am {X am Wv.

A Xv \n in X am b \n e ]m Sp I fn m s]m Xp Po hn X n s a sm cp {] Xn e\w am {Xam Wv. H cp \n cq] W n \ A`ncpNn {]ISnnp B Xs asm n I S I hn cp am b km ln Xykm aq ly aq ey {] Im in n p XvIm Wmw.

B[p\nI Lnse t\mhepI ]e Xpw C v hm bn m tbm Ky a F vk Xn mw ] t, I YI sf p dn v A s\ ] d bm sa v tXm pn ' ap smcp A`napJn ]dXmWv. kXyn IY I fpsS C s I Y sb mWv? {] Xo m \n c am tWm?

F ] Xp I p ti jw I Y bn Hcp t{_ Iv {Xq D m bn p Xm bn tXmp n . B I jWo b am b H sbm IY I F gp Xn {i t b cm b h Ip d p

t] sc n epw Dv. ] t, Im cqcn s\t]m se tbm, D dq _n s\ t]m se tbm, am[ hn p n sb t]m se tbm, k dn b sbt]m se tbm, B B Ij X Wo b X H cpkz m h am m B [p \n Im \ c X e apd bn B pam bn n . B [p \nIm \c Xeapdbn s]hv Cv hbv A ]tXm f am sb v Hm Ww. BI j Wo b X Hcp kz`m ham n A \ \yX bp Ip d [n Iw I Y I H cm fn\ntm Hcp Xeapdbn \ntm hcptm gmWv H cp t{_ v {Xq kw` hn p Xv. B[p\nIX bpsS Ln AXv

kw`hnn cp p. t\m h epI fp sS Im cyn, Rm hm bn m \n S bm bSn.]n.cm Po h s bpw, I ev ] \m cm b Ws bpw, k tm jv Ip am dn s bpw, kp mjv N { s bpw, Sn.Un.cm a Ir jv W sbpw, s_ \ym an s bpw cN \ I ] tehn [ n epw {] k am Wv. Km n Po hnX s B kv ]Z am nbp sI.A c hnm s A {]Im in X t\m h en B gnep At\zjW Dv. Fm, I gn H v c p ] Xn m pI sImv s]sv koWamb aebm fn Po hn X n s, t\m h en \v am {Xwkm [y am b B cm b \p sS kmln Xyn C \n bpw km [n X {]m b am bn n .hcm\ncnp Hcp t\mh enn\p hen sbm cp sh phn fn bm bn A Xv C v\n p p v.

Sn. ]n N{tiJc sImsXn\ptijw sI.Pn.Fkv ASap \nch[n FgppIm AXns\ {]tabhXvIcnv Ihn X sb gp Xn. "sh p h gn hn X I' F t]cn ]p kv X I hpw C dn?

A h sbm pw h fsc \ km ln Xy a

s n se m Wv, A h sb mw A \p tbm

Sn.]n N{tiJcssIme]mXIsXpSv tIcfn kmwkvImcnIamb Hcp DWhvDmbn FXv hkvXpXbmWv. kZmDdnnS aebmfnbpsS BcnIXsb B kw`hwHv DWn FXv t\cmWv. BLn mL\obambn {]hnvZriyam[yatfmSmWv AXn\p \n ]dtbXv. Fmbmepw B DWXmevmenIamWv.ImcWw, Gsd Imew XpSbmbnkmaqlnIPm{KX]pem Ignbp am\knImhbne

aebmfn Cv

Sn.]n. N{tiJc


23/74


Py am b km aq ly {] Xn I c W fmbn cp p.

Sn.]n N {ti J c s sIm e ]m XIs XpSvv tIcfn kmwkv Im cn I am b CSs] Sen s Dbn s gp tv \ S n cnpp. ` bns aqSp]Sw s]mnvF gp p Im ]p d p h cn I b t?

Sn.]n N {ti J c s sIm e ]m XIs XpSv tIcfn kmwkvImcnIamb Hcp DWhv Dmbn FXv hkvXpXbmWv. kZmD dn n S a e bm fn bp sS B cnIX sb B kw` hw Hv DWn FXv t\cmWv. B L n m L \o b am bn {] h nv Zriy am [y a tfm Sm Wv A Xn\p \ n ] d tb Xv. F mbm epw

B D W Xm ev menI am Wv.Im c Ww, G sd Im ew Xp S bmbn km aq ln I Pm {K X ]p em I gn bp am \ kn Im h bne aebmfn Cv. tIcfw AXn s G hpw k k ar am bIm e n eqsS bm Wv I S p s]mbv sm n cn p Xv. A Xn \mbn ctmfw tIm Sn cq] H gp In sbppv Fv ]dbsSp tIc f n hn fp p I fn te v am n\n snp hKfpw BI kv an Im Xym ln X fn Ip Sp

n b hy n Po hn X fpw H gn

m a s m hcpw B tLm jnemWv. XfpsS ASp hyn Xm ev ] cyw am {Xw ap n ep aebmfnbpsS a\n N{tiJc t\m jp q tdm A [n I Im ew Xn \n ev m\n S bn . Cu tI kpI fn kq {X [m c m cm b {] ap Jcm {o b t\ Xm A I s SmXn cn m \p Ip {] kn am b ]Xn hv C S Xp h eXp k ahm bw {]hnvp XpSn Fv XsRm Dulnpp. N { ti J c\pw jp q dn \pw e n t p \o Xn X n s dn n s Sm Xn cnm A h cp sS Ip Spw _ fpwD kplrpfpw Xs Pm{KX ]p e Ww. \o Xn t_m [ ap s]m Xp {] h I \yq \ ]hpw am[ya{]hIcpw

aps Xv t]m se A h sc klmbn Ww. F gp p Im cp sS kmaq ln I am b [m an I t_m [w Cv hf sc Xmgv \n e bn emWvF v ] d bm sX Xc an . G Xpkw kv Im c n epw Zp c [n Im c hpambp sNdnb kulrZw t]mepw C c tbm Sp Iq p h \sbmWv(collusion) \ F gp pIm I cp Xp Xv. Ip d p Im e ambn a e bm fn F gp p Im C sXmcp {] iv \ am bn Im Wp n . sX fnbn s cm {o b sIm e ]m X

In I tfmtSm A gn a Xn tcm tSm Hw thZn ]nSpXn ChvH cp Pm fy X bpw tXm m dn . ^k en t tbm jp q dnt tbm N{ ti J c t tbm sIm e ]m X I Cu ] c c bn se B Zyt X . C cn ep ]pap Xp sIm e ]m X I h St a e _m dn I gn ] ncp]Xp sIm nS bn \ Snpv. IqSmsX aWn, X cn, Zm tam Z c, ^m cn kv , saIn kv S, en kv, kmn bm tKm

am Sn, em hv en, In fn cq Fo t]cpI tZymXnnp Agn a Xn I fpw. Cu sIm e ]m X I fpw A gn a Xn I fpw \ S sshIp t c fn se mw \ p sSkmw kv Im cn I \m b I C h tcm SvtXm tfm Sp tXm D cp n C cp npv; AhcpsS {]knoIcWfn FgpXnbnpv. AhcpsSH m i bn am{Xw Inp ]pckv Im c v Im p InS npv. F m X cw a X Xo {h hm Zn Ifp tS bpw {] kn o I c W fn epw

sIme]mXIfpw

AgnaXnIfpw \SsshIptcfnsemw \psS kmwkvImcnI \mbI ChtcmSvtXmtfmSptXm DcpnCcpnpv; AhcpsS{]knoIcWfnFgpXnbnpv. AhcpsS Hmibn am

{Xw Inp ]pckvImcv Imp InSnpv. FmXcw aXXo{hhmZnIfptSbpw{]knoIcWfnepwAh cN\I sImv Aecnnpv

_jo H.hn.hnPb


24/74


Ah cN\I sImv Aecnnpv. N { ti Jc sIme sN sXn\pti j sa gp Xn b Ip dn n B tKm f h

cW aq e[ \ n s C e \ p , Nndn\ p arK imkv{X s IpdnpRm kq Nn n Xv \ h w B tem NnnmWv. \psS apJy FgppImcn]e cpw P\ sf hnUvVnIfmpcm {ob k aq l n Aw K fm Wv.Ipsd t] B A[nImct{iWnsb B{Kl]qw t\mphcmWv. ap Iptdt] kaqlyPm{KXsb Hcp Nohmm bn Im Wp h cm Wv. A Xp sIm v\o Xn \n l W n kmw kv Im cn I{] h I cn \n v {] Xo n m hp k lm b n \p ] cn an Xn D v.

ap pw tI c f n cm {o b sIm e]mXI \Snpv .Sn.]nbpsS acWw am {Xw C {X tIm em l e am t B hiy sav F m sW Xn hm Zw. A Xnepw I g n t?

sIm e ]m X I hpw A gn a Xn bpw kz P \] hm Z hpw kv {Xo ]o U \ hpw X fpsS {] tXy Im hIm i am Wv F cm {o bk aql n s B fl hn izmk n \v G Xm ev m en Im Lm X am Wv Sn.]n.bp sS h[ n s\ Xn sc bp m b s]m Xp P \ {] Xn

I c Ww. kn.]n.F n Cu Bfl hn izmkw h fnbXv hmkvX h n P\ fp sS [m an Im e k X X s bm bn cpp. Ccp]Xntesd sImeI, AXv adp shbvm \p Xp S sm e I, Ir{Xn a am bp m n b ] n I b \p k cn vlm P cm s "{] Xn'I, A Xy m t]n X k a b fn h e Xp I n I fpwkwL]cnhmdpw Bbn GsSp \nIr am b k a hm bw, kzm [o \n s SpIbpw A htl fn s Sp I bpw sN s \o Xn \ym b hy h , C {X sbm s bmbnpw Cu hnIe cmobtmSp klh

kn p Xn A d v tXm m kmw kv Im cn I t\ Xr Xzw. a e bm fn{] Xn I cn m an \ s Sm sX C sXm

s I p \n p I bm bn cp p.jp q dn s\ Zo L t\ cw hn Nm c WsNbvXv, ]I shfnn, Hcp]mSv t]cpsS kmnyn Iimp sNbvXtmtgm, AtX sNmn Pnm sk {I dn hn P b Im l fw ap g nb tm tgm a e bm fn A \n bn . C s\ {]Xn I c W a X b H cps]m Xp k aq l n G Xv ^m kn n\mWv Fpw sNbvXp Ifbmw FB fl hn izm kw h cm Xn cn p I? BB fl hn izm kam Wv N { ti J c s\ h[n m t{]cn nXv. h fsc B [nIm cn I X bpw P \ Io b X bpw t\ XrKpWhpw D N{tiJcs h[w,]t, kaqls Cfn adnp. am[y a fpw, kmw kv Im cn I {] h Icpw, ]mn AWnI t]mepw i am bn {] Xn I cn p. cm ko b amb kwL S \m i ntm, Zn t\ \ Bh n \p W I tm ,`oj Wntm, B {I a W tm Cu {] XnI c W sf X S bm \m bn . Cu {]Xn I c W sf hm kv X h n X fpsS "^mknv AhImi' fn

ta D ssItambmWv amIvknpI IXv. B ^mknv Acv BWv "appw tIcfn cm{o b sIm e ]m X I \ S n pv. Sn.]nbpsS acWw am{Xw C {XtIm em l e am t B h iy sa v?'F tNmZyambn ]pdv hXv.

F gp ] Xp I fn {] Xn I c W ns Xo am bn am dn b a e bm fn F s\ C {X am {Xw \n jv {In b am bn?

F gp ] Xp I fn, {] Xn I c W ns Xo am bn am dn bn cp p a e bm

B[p\nIm\ckmlnXyn kzw \nebn {]mamWnIXbp F

gppIm Dmhmw. Fm, Xs Iment\mSv{]mamWnIX sXfnbnnp FgppIm IpdhmWv Fv F\nvtXmpp. Dcm[p\nIImew Hcp

]mSv koW{]tab sImv hnpp. XIgntm hnPbt\m XmmfpsS ImetmSv InS \nm Bb t]mse ]pXnb FgppImv D

cm[p\nI Imens kakyItfmSvInS\nevm Bbnpv Fv F\nv tXmpn

ImcqDdq_v XIgn


25/74


fn F v B cm Wv ]d Xv? AsX mw Im \n I [m c W bmWv. As\ Hcp kaqlsammsI D W N cn {X sam pw k ao] Im e tI c f n \n . H cp \yq \] sam gn sI H cp Im e pwkm aq ln I {] Xn I c W n \p Hcp m dn . A Sn b n cm h sbbpw a pw kmam \y P \ kln jv Wp X tbm sS b t kzo I cn Xv? C v A m bn cw t] Bflm Y am bn {] Xn I cn m \ps n A v A Xn \m bn cwt] D m bn cp n cn Ww F hy Xym kw am{Xw. tI c f amXr I bp sS km aq ly kq Nn I IH s D m bn cp m epw A vZm cn {Zy hpw A y kv X hn Zy cp sSsXm gn en m bv a bpw k ar am bn

cpp FXv sImv kwthZ\ob X Iq Sp X ep m bn cp p F Xv i cn bm Wv. A v a e bm fn a \v C t Xv t]mse A`qX]q amb karn sImv A]am \ hoIcn s n cp n . k aqly n Xn bpw hy Xy kv X am bn cpp. C v A gn a Xn m tcm A Xn\p au \ k Xw \ Im htcm Bbn \psS cm{obn A [n I am cp an . a Xm [nIm cn I B flo b X bp am bn bmsXm cp _ hp an m cm {o

b km n I k i n Ifm Wn v!. a Zyw tI cfo b Po hn Xns A[mcbpw _ln[m c bp am Wv. \ K c fn epw {Km a fn epw cm {o b c m I XrXzn ep hn hn [ am n b IsXnsc P\v Hcp kw

L Sn X i n bp an. Cu b h tbm sSm s {] Xn I cn m\n n ]v X Xm ] cy an m Hcp sNdpkwLS\ t]mepw tIcfn Cn . A v F m ]cnan Xn I tfm sS bpw \ Iv k sse p Ifp sS Xv t]m ep kwL S \m cq] D m bn cp p. tI {Kn Xn cp hm Zn I F t]m se, km { Zm bn I ]m n Ifn t]m epw sX fn a bp ho Ww Dh Dmbncpp. Iyq Wn v ]m n Ifn ApwA {I a {] h W X D m bn cp p.km n I ho Ww C sm hn I e am bn cp p. am Ivkn v hn cp hpw p {Z hpw B b"t\m p Iq en' sXm gn em fn ho W hpw a pw i am hp Xv

A m e m Wv. C sXm s bmsW n epw, I yq Wn v ]m nt\ Xr Xz n epw A Wn I fn epwD t iyip n bpw hn h c hpw D [m cm fw t] _m n bp m bncp p. {]m tZ in I X e n sems Iyq Wn v ]m n I fnsebp h P \ kw L S \m {] h Iscm s ]mh v D] I cn ncpp. C sXm pan. C v \p sS {Km a hsc B tKm fh W c W n s kmw kv Imcn I Zp jv e v hn t[ b am

bn {] Xn I c W hn ap J am Wv.

BtKm f h IcWw tI c fn {]XyambXv K^vv kns cq]n BsW v] d p h tm. a v cm Py fn\nv hcp aqe [\ n \nv

K^v kns {]Xyhpw ]tcmhpw

Bb kmnyw \nanw P\XbpsS, {]tXyInv, ASnm\hKns Bibm`nemjfn henb amw hcnIbpw ]etmgpw AhkmmcnsSpIbpw sNpp FXvBmZIcamb Imcyam

Wv. Rm apvvv ]dt]mse tIcfw AXnsGhpw kamb ImeneqsSbmWv ISpt]mIpXv. K v ]Ww]nWn ZqcoIcWw km[np F KpWmflI t\n\p apn \nmcamsWnepw AXv sIm

ph Nne Bimkyam amsf Ipdnpw Pm{KX thWw

k dnb _meN{ NpnmSv Iaem kpc


26/74


hyXykvX ambn K^vv ]WwF n [ am Wv tI c fs _m [nXv?

B tKm f h c W Im e vG Xp t{kmX n \nv Bbmepw kns hym]\w, GIo Ir X kz m h tm sS bm Wv.Fnepw K^vv ]Ww tIcfn se Zi e W n \p Pohn X fp sS `mKt[ bw KpW ]cambn amn F gpXn. BtKmfhIcWLn\p Ipdp apvv Xs AXv tIcfnkzm [o \w sN ep m Xp S nbn cp p sh n epw B tKm f h

IcWns khntijamb Hcp ap J am bpw s] t{Sm tUm f dns {]m h s hn e bn cp mw.tIc f n\p A Xn {]m [m \amb KpWmflI amw AXv sImv hp. apv ]dt]mse,R fp sS sbm s _m eyn PohkmcWw Xshfsc henb {]iv\ amb Hcp]mSv IpSpw_ tIcfnse ^e`qbnjvTamb {]tZi fn t]m epw D m bn cp p.C m bv a I ] e cq ] n epw

C pw \n e \n ev p p mImw . ]s, ISp ]nWn F \nebn AXv Attmse tIcf n Cv \ne \npn. K^v kns{] Xy hpw ] tcm hpw B bkm n yw \n an w P \ X bpsS, {]tXyInv, ASnm\hK n s B i bm n em j fn h en b am w h cnI bpw ] etm gpw A h km m cn sSpIbpw sNpp FXvB m Z I c am b Im cy am Wv.Rm apvvv ]d t]mse tIcfw AXns G hpw k

am b Im e n eq sS bm Wv I Sp t]mIpXv. K^v ]Ww ]nWn ZqcoIcWw km[np F KpWmflI t\n\p apn \n m c am sW n epw A XvsImph Nne Bimkyam amsf Ipdnpw Pm{KX thWw:

1. D ] t`mKm k n a \p jy _ fn epw Ip Spw _ _ fn epw A b ] _ fnepw h cp n b am w.

2. s]t{SmtUmf h lm_nkn s bpw a p a X au en I hm Z fpsS bpw {]Nm c n \m bn B kq{Xn X am bn D ] tbm Kn p A h aX kulrZns Hcp ]pcp m bn cp tI c f n \v lm\n I c am tb mw. I c W {] Xn I cW fn eqsS ln p {In kv Xy auen I hm Z fpw C tXm sSm w h fcm CShcpp.

3. K^v knt\mSpw thmv_m n t\m Spw D B n cm {ob ]mnIfn \nv {]Xybimkv{X Zm Vr s tNm cv n fp. \n n ]v X Xm ev cy fn

\nv ]Whpw thmpw hmn CSXp] w ap X kwL ] cn hm hsc bp h kmam \y a\p jym hIm i sf Ip cp Xn sIm Sp p Xn k l I cn p p. \o Xn \ym bhyh As\ \psS Ipn {]l k \am sSp p.

4. km aq ly aqey fp sS tim jW n \v B \p ]m Xn I am bn s kmw kv Im cn I t\ Xr Xz ns aqeyt_m[ n\pw timjWw kw hn p.

kn.B. ]ctaizc


27/74


thjne sshZy!taml\ sshZy / hn.sI kptcjv

]menseadn am b

AXn cm hnse Fgp tm Fm hpw thWw Nmb.As n Imn. IrXy k a bvAXv e`n n s n Ccn smdp Xn bn m h \ap n S bn[mcmfw. Nmbbpw Imnbpw]Ip \Ip elcn IrXyk a bv Inm Xn cn p XpsImp {]bm k am W \p hnp sX kXyw ]ecpw adp t]m Ipp. \apv e`n pXv bYm Nmb sm Sntbm

Imn pcp s]mSn tXm A.hyXykvX I \n m Xcp^vtfh dmWv. s]t{Sm fnbw D am WnXv. Hmtcm I \n mc\pw Hmtcm aW amWv. {_qImn bmWv IpSn p sX n{_qhns aW ap ^vtfh.tSkvv ta. \mUn RcpIsf Dt Pn n p ^vtfh.CXv Inm Xm hp tm gmWvNnev Xe th Z\ hcp Xv.

Nmb bnepw Imn bnepwtNp ]mtem? AXpw ]cn

tim [n Ww. ]men s\ p dnv{]mY an I ambn Adn n cnt Hcp Imcyapv. kpthmfPn m tcmSv tNmZn m Ah]dbpw. A bpsS ape mIpSn Ign m ]ns asmcp]mepw Zln n. Bdv amkn\v tijw \psS icocnse sd\n Ftlmtam A{] Xy amIpw.]m ]noSv Zln W sa nAXv ]pfn nv ssXcm Ww.AXm Is Akn Unn Dmpw.

v XI cm kw` hn p Xn\v ]pdsa K`mib AkpJv hsc AXv Imc W amIpw.

\psS \mS ]ip fpsS icocn Hcp Cu Ccpm ]iphn\v icocns B `mKw am{XwNen n m Ignbpw. bqtdm ]yP\p ns ]ip vAXn\v Ign bn. ^ew sImXpIpwCubpw hv {hW ap mpw.]ip sf Ipfn n p tm^map I fn IoS \m in\n Xfn

pp. AXpw \apv XI cm dpm p I bmWv sNpI. AXpwIgnv ]m tISm Im Xn cn p Xn\v AXn Fsms cmk hkvXp fmWv tNp Xv?

ssl{U P s]tdm IvsskUv,t^mam en, Imn IvtkmU,bqdnb Fn h bmWv ]m entNpXv. Cu ]m Ipn IpSnm Xn cp m Ic bp XvAbpw! \mS ]ip hns\hfn bm aqcn p s hcn bpSp Ifbmsav kmbvn\v thn

\nbaw ]mm n b h, Ahs]ip hns\ hfp \mSmbnamdn bn cn pp \p tSXv. \mS]ip hns ]mense sImgp n\vkam \ am p Xn \mWv cmk an {inX tNpXv Fv]mepm Z\v I \n m ]dbpp. Fm Ih dp I fp sSbpw]pdv Fgp Xn sh n cn p XvCwo jn emWv. Fmw ae bm fn Fgp X W sav \njvIjnp \mnemWv BfpIv a\n em Im ]mSn sv apIqn

bYm ]m a\pjy ico c nZln n.

]ip t\mshPntdnbCtm gs ]ip hns ]mem

Is Hcp ImcWhimepw IpSnm ]mSn. ImcWw Cs]ip shPn t dn b \, t\mshPnt dn b \mWv. aqv \mev amkwapv Rm Ip; ]ip an XnpXv. \ a\p jy Fs\bmWv t\m shPn t dn b Bbn

oXv? \psS ]qhnIamwkw Ignp ioenp. CuBkn \mw XpScpp. AtXt]mse ctm aqtm Xeapd ]ip t\mshPv Ign m ]nsAhbpw \s tm emIpw.

Imen o bp m p Xv sNo\n sbpw an bp sSbpw thpsImmWv. AXp sImSp p XvsImv ]s NmWI nsaWa Cv. HcpXcw Akl\obamb \m amWv NmW I n\v. ]ip ]m IqSp X Dm Zn n

m thn Imen o bnbqdnb tNpp I \n m.AXpw \psS ico c n te mWvIbdp Xv. ]m ]ip hns icocn \npw ]qW ambpw NpcvInp Xn\v HmIvkn tmkv Ftlmtam Ipn sh n cpp.Ctm gXv Imen o hgn bmWvsImSp p sIm n cn p Xv.HmIvkntmkn a\pjy icocn Fn bm {]tXy Invkv{XoIv Kpcp X c amb BtcmKy{]iv\ Dmpw. kvX\

2

kaoIrXmlmcn hnjw IecpsXs\bmsWpw ioXf ]m\nbnse NXn{]tbmK Fspw hniZoIcnpp


28/74


Xocp am \n p d nv Cwo jn Xs Ih dp Ifn cmk h kvXp fpsS t]sc gp Xn sh bvpXv. a\ n em bm Xs Bcpw an cpXv.Cv ]mep m m ]ip th sm b ncnpp. A]w ssaZbpw In sh hpwt^mam en\pw ] km cbpw tNm]membn. AXv bYm ]men tNvAf hp Iqmw. CXv tImbw Pn bn \npwCu ASpv At\zjtWmtZymK ]nSnXmWv.

IymWn\pw thWw hnjw!Cv hnhn [ Xcw ]mb k ap m p Xn\v

]m th. hn]Wnbn AXns FkvInm \pv. ]mens aW ap mIpw. s{]men sstm fmWv CXn\v D] tbm Kn pX.v s]t{Sm fnbw tkmhm WnX.v \mS]ip hns\ hfn ]ppw ]nmpwXhnSpw sImSpv \ ]m Dm Zn n m\mWv \mw apssI sb Spt X.v AXmsX kmbvv ]dbptmse hfcp ]iphns ]me thXv.

\mw IpSn m kz Zn p ioXf ]m\o b

fn amc I amb hnjmw i fmWv tNn cnp Xv. s]t{Sm fnbw D fmWv ]eXnepw D] tbm Kn p Xv. tNp hkvXphns iXam\tmXv A\pkcnv Kn amw hcpw. s]t{Smfpw s{]m ensstm fp amWv tNcp h I. s{]m ensstm Iymk dn\v Imc W amWv.\psS honse Hmtcm Ipnpw ApwBdpw hbptmtg sbvvev IuvIpd bp Xns ImcWw asmpa. hnjw\nd ]m\o b fmWv. henb am^nbmkwL fmWv CXn\v ]nn ep Xv. tcmK fp m p Ibpw AXn\v acpp Is p

Ibpw AXv \psS ico cn ]co n p Ibpw sNpCu am^nbm kwL sf \nb {n m \psS \mnBcpw Xm dm Ip n. IymW hoSp I fn tev sNptm \apv e`n p "shw Pyqkn s\p dnvChnsS F{X t] dnbmw? "Smn s ASn bn hy ambnFgpXnbn cn pp. t\m {^q vkv s{]mUIvv F.v ]km cbpw Dpw s]bnp am sWv AXn Xs Fgp Xn shnpv.

Ac hj ambn Rm Hc m ]m p ambn \S p IbmWv. CXp hsc tISm bn n. s]mmkyw, tkmUnbw, Atam

Wnbw kt^v XpS n bh tNmWv Dm p Xv.nc ambn Am Ign p Bfp I fpsS hmbvIwt\mn bm Adnbmw. hmbv]ppw a kp J fpw. hbnse ]pI nepw ]pfn p Xn I epw Cq Am hPn pXv hsc XpSp sImtbncnpw. hnhn[ AcnjvS,telyw, Bk h CsXmpw hn] Wn bn \npw Hcnepw hmn D] tbm Kn m ]mSn. Fm nepw GdntbmIpdtm Af hn hnhn[ IoS \m in \n I Dv. AcnjvShpw telyhpw Bk h fpw hj Ign mepwtISp Iq Sm sX bn cn pp F Xn \w AXn IoS \min\n ASn n p s mWv.

(Ah km \n p)

taml\ sshZy


29/74


ip hmbp, ip PewFn h sb t]mse Pohn X n\vAXy m t] n X amWv ipBlmcw. 1954 BWv \psScmPyv BZy ambn ambw tN\ntcm [\ \nbaw \S n hXv.Cu \nb a nse t]mcm bva I\onbtijamWv 2006 `ykpcm \ne hmc \nbaw \nhn

hXv. 2006 h \nbansN ]q ambpw hXv 2011BWv. IrXy ambn ]d m5 82011 apX \nbaw \psScmPyv \ne hnhp.

t\cs ambw tN XS bphm \p \nb a am bn cpp. FmCtm kpc n X amb `WwFs\ D] t`m m hn\v \Ip sa Xn \mWv Du sImSp n cnp Xv. CXn\v BZy ] Sn bmbnD]m Z\ {]{In b bn Xs KpW

\ne hmcw Dd p h cp p I sb XmWv Dtin p Xv. Hcp DZm lcW klnXw CXp hy ammw.tlmen Nn Idn \nnm thn Hmas ]SnBtcm Ky ap tcmK an mtImgnsb sXc s Sp p I sbXmWv. a\p jy\v lm\n I c am Xo sImSp p h fnbtImgn bmWv thXv. tImgnsbsImp h m hrn bp InD]tbmKnv Ahsb ]mIsSpphm thnbp sv XpS

pp. ]mIw sNp ]m{Xw,]mIw sNbvX tijw kqnpshp ]m{Xw, Iim p Im,]mN I m Fn h cpsS taJe Ifnse hrn ]cntim[nWw. Ahkm \ ambn Cu t{]mk n hcpAh in jvS \ow sNp hmkwhn [m\w Hcp p Ibpw thWw.

cmPys `y ta J e bnse

Fm hpw ssekkv Gs Spn b XmWv Cu \nb a ns{]tXy IX. Xp I S m, Dp h nm, hgn hmWn m, XmmenI mfp Im Fn s\ `yh kvXp fp ambn _ ap Fmhcpw ssekkv FSp n cnWw.hym]m cnpw Hcp D c hm ZnwDmIpw. 12 ew cq] hschmjnI hnp h c hp h Bbncwcq]w \In dPn kvt{S j FSpm aXn. AXmXp es

^pUv tk^vn HmôkmWv CudPn kvt{S j \Im A[n Imcw.t^mdw "F'bnemWv At]\Ip Xv. t^mtm ] Xn Xncn dnb ImUv \Ipw. 14 Aap dPn kvt{S j \ \Ipw.12 e n IqSp X {]Xn hjwhcp am \ ap hv ssekkv\IpXv Pnm ^pUv tk^vnHmô k dmWv. cm bncw cq] bmWvôkv. Imem h[n Hcp hj amWv. 5hjwhscbp ôkv HnvASmw. CXnepw 14 A ap

\psS `y kpcm \nbaw

sI. i io { BtcmKyw

2011 \nehnh `y kpcm \nbanse hyhIsfpdnvHtcma s Sp

cmPys ytaJebnse Fmhpw

ssekkv GsSpnbXmWv Cu \nbans {]tXyIX.XpISm, Dphnm, hgn hmWn`m, XmmenImfpIm Fns\ yhkvXpfpambn _ap

Fmhcpwssekkv FSpncnWw. hym]mcnpw Hcp DchmZnzw DmIpw


30/74


Xncn dn b \ sImSppw. Cu\ t\mn bm Cy bnGXp kwm \v GXp Pn bnsehym]mc m] \ amWv Fp a\ nemmw. cmPyv Hcp hym]m cnbpsS ssekkv / dPnkvt{Sj\ Hcmp am {X am bn cnpw.ssekkv / dPnkvt{Sj FSpmXncnpItbm \nnX kab ]cn[nbn ]pXpmXncnpItbmsNbvXm 6 amkw XShpw IqsS 5ew cq]hsc ]ngbpw Dv. t\cs]n.F v.F \nban 500 cq]hscbpw 3 amkw hscbpamWvin.

Cu \nb a ns asmcp {]tXyIX, Ip Ir Xy sf ]e Xmbn Xcw

Xn cn n cn p p FXmWv. Pnm^pUvtk^vn Hmôkv 1 ewcq]hsc ]ng Npam\p A[nImcapv. t\c s bp \nb an tImS Xnp am{Xta ]ngtbmintbm hn[n m \p A[nImcapm bn cp p q. ^pUvtk^vn Hmôkam ]cntim[\\S n bm hym]m cnv Cw{]qhvsav t\mokv sImSppw. A]mIX I \nnX ka b ] cn [n pn ]cnlcnm XpS \S]SnI C. AtXt]mse Hcp hym]m

cnv {]tXy Inv \nm Xm hn\vXs Dw hn] Wn bn \nvXncnv hnfn m \p A[n ImcwCu \nb a {] Im c amWv. tlm epI, Ad hp im e I, \nmWbqWn p I Fn h bnseipNnXzw. KpWta Fnhv Cu\nbaw apXqw sImSp n cnpp. tlm ep I fnse IpSnshw ]cn tim [n m^pUvtk^vn Hmôkamv Cu\nb a {] Imcw ]q A[n ImcwDv. shw Hcp L S I ambn \nnp km[ \ v shns KpW \n e hmcw ]cn tim [npsIm p kn n v IqSn

thWw. \psS InW dp I fnsesh n tImfnt^mw _mIvSocnb Dv. Cu _mIvSo cnb hbdnfw Dmpw. hym]m c m ] \ fnse ssekkn bp sSbpwtPmen m cp sSbpw saUn k n^n v \n_ amWv. sNmdn,Nncv ap kmw{I anI tcmK D hsc tPmen m cmtbm hym]mcn bmtbm \nm ]mSn.ssekkv/ dPnkvt{Sj kabv \n_ ambpw saUn kn n v lmP cm n bn cn

Ww. D] t`m m hns\ sXn cn n p ]c ky \IpI \n Is Xnsc ]ng bo Smm\pw Pbnin pw Cu\nban hIpv Dv. DZml cW ambn shfn s I\nsImf kvt{Smss^ F]ckyw sNp Xv D] t`m mhns\ sXn cn n p XmWv.amwkhpw amwk D]fpw\nnvhn]\ \Sphym]mcnI ]ment \n_\I Cu \nban hfsc hniZambn {]Xn]mZnpp. AtXt]mse tlm hym]mcnI, ImdnwKpIm Fnh ]ment

\n_\I hniZambn Cu \nban {]Xn]mZnppv.Fm taJ e I sfbpw hni Z

ambn \nh Nn p sIm mWv Cu\nbaw hn cn p Xv. hfschn h I c amb amw Cu \nbaw\S n em p tm {]Xonmw. P\ fpsS Btcm Kyn \mWv Ghpw apXqw\tI Xv. AXp Xs D ns Fm L sfbpwsXmp sIm mWv thXv.


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aebmfnbpsS BkzmZ\t_m[n h amhpw ASpspapmIptamFv BtemNnpIbmWv teJI

jm Pn sN ss

a e bm fn bp sS

kw Ko X t_m [w""I m S I kw Ko Xw t]m

se almb Hcp kw Ko Xw Cutem I n th sd bn . tI

m kp J ap a p Nn e sXm sD m hmw. ] t, \p sS kw Ko Xn \p a l Xzw A Xn s\m p an''. ] d Xv km [m c W m c \ !I m S I kw Ko X n s Ip e ]Xn si p Sn {io \n hm k A! alm m \n bm b A t l n sCu A n {]m bw i cn bm Wv F tan h cpw I cp Xp I bp p. Fm Cu tem I n ep hy Xykv X am b kw Ko X ] Xn I sf sbmw a \ n em n bn m hp tam si p Sn kzm an Cu Xocp am \ n F

n b Xv? I m S I kw Ko X nam {X ap X s B g nepm \w h p sIm v C c nHcp Xocpam\w FSpm AXv icn bm Im C S bp tm?

B kv t{X en b m cn sa en kmtlmfntU Fs kplrmWv. \m bn ]m Sm I gn hp h. Rm \hv Hcn a[pssc aWn A ]m Sn b ] p h cm fn (Im a h n\n) cmKnep kmckm ]cn]m e b F kzm Xn Xn cp \m IrXn bp sS sd tmUv h p sIm Sp

p. ""C Xv G sX n epw B Zn hmknIfpsS at{mmcWtam atmBtWm''? FmWv Ah F

tm Sv tNm Zn Xv! \ ap n Xn s\ Ah cp sS A d n hn m bv abm bn X n f bmw. ] t temI n se sNdnb {]tZifn Hmb CybpsS Hcp {]hniybn am{Xw {]Nmcap H cp kw Ko X coXn sb am{Xw a \ n em n sm v C Xm WvCu tem I n se G hpw D Zm am b kwKo Xw F p ] d bp Xn Ftm henb Hcp ]nghnt?\ ap v Adnbm hp Xv am {Xw al cw, a p sXm s A _ wF Cu co Xn bm Wv kw Ko X s

hn e bn cp p Im cy n Imem Im e fm bn \ a e bm fn Ifpw ]p e n tm cp Xv.

"]m m Xy kw KoX n s A Xn{] k cw', "hn I e am b ]m m Xykw Ko Xw', "]m m Xy kw Ko X _l fw' F n s\ "]m m Xy' kwKoXsa m F tm Ad p f hmp Hcp km[\amWv F [mcW ] c p hn e bn cp epIa e bm f n F {X tbm Im e ambn FgpXsphcpp! Bbnctmfw hjv apv cq]

D]IcW kwKoXs]etmgpw \mw AhKWnpIbmWv sNpI.]mn D]IcW kwKoXn\v {]m[m\yw IqSntmbn Fv \mw p`nXcmIpIbpw sNpw.hmbvmn\v hfscn

n \nt "]hmZy'v Fn\mWvC{X {]m[m\yw sImSppXv Fv \mw ]cmXn ]dbpw. \s kw_nnStmfw hcnImWv{]m[m\yw


32/74


s v tem I n e tm f an tmfw ] S v \n p ]m mXyim kv {Xob kw Ko Xs D t inm Wv Cu {] tbm K sf nAXn epw h en b H cp A _ an. _n tYm h \pw sam km pw_m lpw hn hm Un bpw ssNtm hv kv Inbpw H s \n n Xv _ l f f. a \p jy lrZ bns Ghpw kqvaamb IW sf tmepw sN v sXm Smt]m am {n I kw Ko X am W Xv.

C \n ]m m Xy P \ Io b kwKo X s bm Wv (Pop) D t in p sX n tPm se \pw_o n kpw F hn kv {]n kv enbpw ssat Pm Iv k \pw t_m_v Une \pw A do Ym {^m v fn\pw ohn h U dpw Hs Ah

X cn n kw Ko Xw H m Sp I fmbn a \ n em p Xv `o I c am bAPvRXbmWv . kpKa kwKoXhpw Im e n s N Sp e Xm f fpw a \p jy hn Im c fp sS {] Xn^e\hpw a\pjy kmtlmZcyns ktihpw sImtImp kw Ko X in ev ] fm WvAhbn A[nIhpw. a[pssc aWn bpsS ]mn s\ B Znhmkn bpsS a t{m m cW am bn a \ nemn b sh m cnbpsS Im gv Nm Sn t\ m F {X tbm hn I e

am Wv ]m m Xy kw Ko Xsam sh dpw _l f am sW Cu tI c fo b [m c W bpw!

a e bm f kn \n am kw Ko Xn, C y imkv{Xo b kwKo X n eq n b Cu W fpwAh bpsS ]me n ]mm Xy kw Ko X co Xn bn ep at\m lc am b D ] I cW kwKo Xhpw k en Nu [ cn, Fw._n {io\n hm k, tPm k, C f bcm P, iymw F n h cp sS sbm s] e ]m p I fn D m bn p v.F m {] [m \ am bn h cn I t fbpw ]noSv h cnIfpsS CuWt bpw am {Xw {i n p \p sS ] c cm KX co Xn sIm v]m n s ] m e n ep

D ]I c W kwKo X s ] etm gpw \mw A h K Wn p I bmWv sNpI. ]mn D]IcWkw Ko X n \v {]m [m \yw Iq Sntm bn F v \mw p n X cm IpIbpw sN pw. hmbvmn\v hfsc n n \n t "] hm

Zy' v F n \m Wv C {XsipSn {io\nhmk A


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{]m [m \yw sIm Sp p Xv F

v \mw ] cm Xn ] dbpw. \ skw _ n n S tm fw h cn ImWv {]m[m\yw. Ah D n D bv apg Ww! CuW an Sp tm A h \o fm t\mIp dp Im t\m ap dn bm t\m ]m Sp Xp a !

C.......... se a...b p tmH cp a Wn n \m hn t......s]m n Nn e..... sm eo......tI.........pWq........F v hm p I \o n bpw Ip

dp n bpw ap dn pw Cu W an Sp

tm am {X am Wv Km \ n \vkw Ko X Kp W ap m Ip Xv

F Xv \mw {i n p tX bn. B Km\n hmbvmn\vH tam AXn te sd {]m [m \ytm sS tbm D] tbm Kn s np kn m dn s bpw ^vfq ns bpw X _ e bp tS bpw a t\mlm cn X \ p sS Im Xp I fn sep p an . h cn I am {X am Wv{] [m \ sa n H cp I hn X bmbn A h sb hm bn p I tbm,sNm p I tbm sN bv Xm a Xn

bm Ip a tm! F n \m Wv Ijv S

s v CuW an Sp Xv? ] m en Fn\mWv D]IcW kw Ko X sam cp p Xv?

"am\ kssat\ h cq' F v am tU ]m Sp tm B i _v Zn\v ]nn tIp ^vfqv, Ht_m F o kwKo tXm] I c fn ep kz c e b hpw(Harmony) k am c Cu Whpw (Obligato) BWv B hmbvmn\v angnhv \IpXv FhkvXpX \n F{Xt] {in n p v? D ] I c W kw Ko Xw

h cn I fp tS bpw hm bv m n sbpw hy Iv X X bpw {]m [m \yhpw Ip d bv m am {X ta D ] Icn q F "i Iv X am b' A`n{]m b am W tm \ ap p Xv!

Km \ hpw kw Ko X hpw H mWv F sX m b s]m Xp [mcWbn \nmWv Ccw A`n{]mb cq ] s Sp Xv. apsm cp te J \ n ] d np Xp t]m se Km \w D mm `m j th Ww. kw Ko X apm m `m j tbm h cn I tfm

Bh iy an . \ kw Ko Xw h cn Ifp sS k lm b anm sX X s Cu

W am bn \n e \n m sI p Xm Wv. D Zm l c Wn \v samkmnsSerenade 13 in GMajor F h b en kw Ko XwG Xp `m j bn epw, G Xv Im epw h cn I sf gp Xn Km \ amm I gn bpw.

a e bm f n Xq h m \ p nI, \ ap v ]m m ap n cntm p I t]m se bp ] eNn {X v tPm k H cpnb ] m e kw Ko Xw {in v tI p I. hcn I fp G

sXmcp Km\n\pw Htam AXn t\ m G sd tbm hn Im c ] cX B D ] I c W kw Ko X n\pv Fv A\p`hndnbm Ignbpw. ]t AXn\v \apv "Km\t_m ['t m tf sd bp kwKo X t_m [w B h iy ap v. ]m pI fnse D ]I c W kw Ko Xw {in v tI p Xn eq sS am {Xta Hcp kw Ko X kw hn[mbIsb Ym n ep {In bm fl Ikw`m h \ sbm sW v \ ap va \ n em m I gn bq. h cn Iam {Xw {i n p h v kw KoX n ep kq v a X I sf mwC s\ \ jvS spt]mIpp.

Km b I cpsS i _v Z n \v "_mkv'' thWw FXv \psS asm cp \n _ am Wv. tb ip Zmkn s "_m km'Wv A t l ns G hpw h en b {] tXy I Xbm bn \mw Im Wp Xv. Xm gv vapgp i_vZw Hcp KmbI\vH gn v Iq Sm ]m Sn m Xm WvF Cu [m c W bpw a e bm fn

I v am {X ta bp p F m Wv

ken Nu[cnXymK cmP kzmanI

_ntYmh tPm se\ Fhnkv


34/74


Fs A\p`hw. ssat PmIvk,_m cn Kn _v, sP v _ v en, Pn n tkmahn, nv , tPm se XpSnb tem I {] i kv X ]m m Xy Km bIB pw \mw hn [n p Xp t]m se bp "_mkv' i_vZa. aplZv d^n, Xev salvaqZv t]msebp CybpsS

a lmKm bI pw Xm gv v ap g p i_v Z a . tb ip Zm kn\v ap v \ ap p mbncp AXnib KmbI G. Fw. cmPm, D Z b m \p t]m se bp h pw ap gp i _v Zw D m bn cp n . C m cWw sImv Chcmcpw \ KmbIcF v ] d bm I gn bp tam? tb ip Zm knt\ m an I Km b I Xs bmWvta d ] e cpw.

a e bm fn I s]m Xp sh Xm cm cm [ \IpdhcmWv Fv ]dbmdpv. Fm kw Ko X ns Imcyn As\bmWv Fv tXmpn. temIv C tm fw D m bn p Km b I cnG hpw an I bm tb ip Zm kv X sbm Wv F Xn kw i b ta bn m ]e a e bm fn I sf F \n dn bmw. an I hns\ p dn p B temN \ I tm hn ebncpepItm ]ns AhnsS CSan tm!

ImSI kwKoXtmSp Afhn hn {] Xn ] n t]m se s bmWv AXnse Nne {]tXyI cmK tfm Sp \ psS Aan X Xm ev ] cyhpw. tam l \w, a y am h Xn, B t` cn, ln

tm fw, B \ss` chn, ip [ \ym knFn s\ hn c en se mhp Nn e cmK fn em Wv a e bm f kn \n am kw Ko Xn s kp h Ime s F a ]mpI NnsSp sncnp Xv. XmtI n p an hm dpw a e bm f kn \n amKm \v G Xmv H tc [z \nbm WvFv X an gv \m n \n p kwKo X\mb Hcp kplrv ]dXv Hm h cpp. Nne cmKfn am{Xw ]mpI D m p tm ap v tI ]mp Ifp sS Hm bpW p Xn eq sS ]m vth Kw {]i kv X am Im \p km [y X Iq

Spw. tIp ]cnNbaphsb am{Xw BtjnpIbpw A]cnNnXambhsb AhnizmktmsS ImWpIbpw sNpaebmfn a\v ChnsSbpw {]ISamWv.

kwKo Xw Adnv BkzZnpp Fv `m hn p ] e a e bm fn I pw Km\ n kw K Xn I Kw o c am bn cn Ww. Km \w F {X Zp jv c am Ip p thmA {X bpw \ Xv! "ssI p n \n d bptm F......' F a n ep I T n \ am b kw K Xn I D s n am {Xta Hcp Km\w \XmsWv Ah k

Xnp X cnIbpp! Kw tK.................. Fpw, a [psam gn cmt[ \n t..... tX So......F p sam s h f sc t\cw izm kw hn SmsX \o nnSnmepw Ahv AsXmcp al m b Km \ am bn am dpw! em fn Xy hpw`m h w Kn bp am Wv \ kw Ko X n sASnd F A`n{]mbtmSv Ah

H cn epw tbm Pn p I bn !kw Ko X ] cn ]m Sn I fn \ ap v ]m p

I sd tm Un D Xp t]m se Xs tIWw. hn]pn hnScpXv.bm sXm pw tN p I bp a cp Xv. F nn s B Km\ n s A H cp knUn bn \ntm atm tIm tmsc?F n \m Wv a sm cp Km b I \pw kw Ko XkwLhpw hopw AXv Bhnp Xv tI m ap Xn cp Xv? {] kn amb Hcp Km\w thZnbn hopw AhX cn n s Sp tm AXn ku cyt_m [ tm sS bp ]p Xn b tN epI fpw am fpw a s m bn S fn epwkzo Icn s Sp p. tIhnm A hnsS A Xv {] Xo n p Ibpw sN pp.{] kn am b X s kn \n am Km \ Hm tcm th Zn bn ep w F {X tbm hy Xy kv XambmWv salvZn l ]mSn Ah X cnn Xv!

tI kw Ko X n epw F {X tbm A [nI am Wv \mw tI m kw Ko Xw Fv Xn cn dn bp h v am {X ta kwKoXn A h km \ hm v F sm n Fv a \ n em m I gn bq. am dp Im e

s a \ n em m , ]p Xn b ]p Xn bBkzmZIcntev sNsm HcpI em cq ] hpw \n e \n p I bn . `o jW amb Cu Ah sbbmWv ImSI kw Ko Xw C v t\ cnSp Xv. \ psS]m c cy t bpw \mw h h gn Itfbpw a d m sX X s ]p Xn b tem It bpw ]p Xn b Im e t bpw a \ nem m \mw X m dm I Ww. \ p sS]m c cyw a l c am Wv F t_m[w\n e \n n sm v X s \ p tS Xnt\ m a l m b ]m c cy fpwCu `qan bn D v F v ad m Xn cn

Ww. X s tI hnbpsS ] cn an Xn I tfp dn p k Xy k X tbm sS, ImXpw a\pw Xpdv hbvp Hcp Bkzm Z I \v kw Ko Xw F tm gpw lr Z bn s `m j bm bn s sh fn s Spw._n tYm h \pw Xym K cm P kzm an bpw D kvXmZv Aao Jm\pw ssat PmIvk\pw salvZn l\pw ken Nu[cnbpw a Z tam l \pw _m _p cm Pp sa mwhniz hnime amb B a\pjy `mj bpsS\m p t` Z am {Xw.

ssa PmIvk

{^mven


35/74

Ip Sn tb sXm gn em fn I fp sS

H gp pw sh sm hpwGjy bn se tem I \ K c

amWv tlmtmv. Fm cmPyfn \n p ap h \n e bv m {]hmlw t]mse AhntSbvv Hgp Ip p. Sq dn p I fm bpw tPm entX Sn bpw _n kn \ kv B h iymhpw asmcp kam c `q]Swt]m se. {] p _v [ am hm I

S I W s kzm m hn I am bn Xs hn Iv tSmdnb ]m n epw mNyp kvIzbdnepw m s^dncnIn epw Rm b dm gv N I fn hn tZ iob {]tXy In v kv {XoI ] nq t]m se D cp n bn cn p ImgvN Rm Ip. \n_vZX bn \n v ] Xn Xm f n eqsS l jmch fn te v h f cp Iq m bv a.

^nenss\nIfpw Ctmt\ jy m cpw B {^n ta J ebn \n p h cpw tKm {X co Xn

Hm an n pw hn [w \n hym P amb C S ] g I en s C gb Sp w ImWn p I bm bn cp p. Hm tcm cm Pym cpw {] tXy I C S fnem Wv HptNcpXv. sNdnb _mKpIfn ` W sm Xn I fpw Ip Sn sh hpw I cp Xn bm hpw Xm a k ew hn Sp I. Z:Jhpw ktm j hpwss\ cm iy hpw F m h p am bn]pshv Ah ]mpw \rhpw]p d s Sp pp. H gn ev X Snb ]pX pI hncnXmWv tPv. \Sphn ]mps]n.

\ ]m Z cm bn h W D Sp p I fWn v \ In I X m. BWpw s] pw B Sp sa n epw enw Khy Xym kw sh fn s Sp m hn [amWv tav. ]ccmKX \rcq ] m Wv {]m ap Jyw. s]Ip n I Ir {Xn a Xm Sn bpw ao ibpwsh v ] S bm Sn I fpw cm P tk h

I cpw a p am bn am dp p. C tm t\jybn \npam{Xw 30 t]cS p 35 {KqpIfpv Cs\.

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sS F a S w P \kw Jy 23 e am bn. H cp Z im _v Z n \n S bnse 17 e w h [ \ sh sms bmWv Hmann Xv. ssN \bn \n p Ip Sn tb hpw k am c am b p m bn. C sX mw tlmtm p Im cn ` b n s A kz X bp m n sb Xpw k Xyw.] Z hn Ifp sS bpw A h kc fp sSbpw I \ I ]m {Xw hn tZ in I X nsbSpptam F AkzX. CsXm s bm sW n epw ]p d sa \ns n b h cm Wv tlm tm v F


Hcp \qmne[nIw ]gap Cu hchv cmwtemI bptmsSbmWv I

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ambpmbn. CsXmwtlmtmpImcn `bns AkzXbpmnsbXpw kXyw. ]ZhnIfpsSbpw AhkcfpsSbpw I\I]m{XwhntZinI XnsbSpptam F AkzX

A\nIpam F.hn tlmtmv hnti j

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36/74

Hm mc s ]n n cn pt\m m hn P b fn Xp S

sb m bn \n Xv.CoKkv

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epw AIsSpp. sNdnb inbvptijw hopw AtX PohnX {` a Ww. {]n b s sX p ] dbm H p an m h cp sS A \mY Xzw H cp X cw hn c n bn te vA bw {]m ]n Xn s sX fn hp Ifm bn Nn e sc sb n epw Im Wm\m bn. em ]v tSm p I p apn Ip \n n cp v A m Xcmb a\pjyv kvt\lkti hn t ]n p \ Ip I bmWv AhcpsS {][m\ hnt\mZw.C s\ a \ n sep h cp sS

h c hn \v Im tXm p Np cp wkv {Xo I fp ap v. ""Xp d psh m

dp v hm Xn, h cn In sm cn epsa n epw'' F A h bp sSBh\w. Hcp Inen Hcpanv sInpWv InSpI. Aev] hkv{X ns NnIsf A\pk cn m sX h en b A h b h ] c kv ] cw Im Wn p I. Ip fn ap dnbnse \amb Iq kv\m\w F n s\ \n b { W n sI b s]m p tm se kv _n bkm z \ hm cn p W cp p.A s\ hn hm lw \n tamBhiytam Am kzmX {y

n te s pw. B g n ep ] cnN b n eq sS hn izm kw Ddm B sm hpw k cnm \pw Xm a kn m \pw X m dmhp h cpw Ip d h . P Zn \ n\pw a pw B kp lr p v "k m \ ' A n p hcp ap v.

Ahkm\s A`bwH s S en s `m cw Xm n bpw

h \ bp sS ap p I tf pw Xfh Sn apdnIfnse sNSn I

n ep I fn sa gp Ip ] cp h am b XSn b ]p X p I p n k am

[n t]m se I gn bp p. Po h \n e\n m \p ` Ww am {Xw Ign v sh fn stm epw Bn bI n bm hpw C Xv. {] m X kq cyP \ m Sn I fn ap an SpXv Ah AdnbpItb C. a[ym kq cy hm Xn ep I fn apnhn fn m epw D W cn . \jv S sf i ]n v Xn cn pw a dn pwam dn n S pw. \m n C m bv a IfpsS {Iq c ] cn lm k n \n cbmbn s]m n I cp Ip Spw _ ns Htcsbmcp B{i bamW tm

Xm F sR em hpw H Sp hnsIm n hn fn p I. tcm K ]o U Ifm H n S nem b ap n. hwiob kwLj AwKsshIeyw hcpnb ktlmZc. A c fp sS IuXp Iw A \y amb AbmfpsS IpnI Fm`m c hpw Np a en te n bm W tm ew hn sX e Im et_m [ am hpw sN dp Xm sb n epw{] tNm Z \ am hp I. A tm tg pwB h Xn s \ `m Kw s]m Sn p

Xo n p m Ipw. ]m Z hpw ] Z


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37/74

hpw Xm fw sX p \n e bn sem aZy]m\hpw Hgnhp kab fn se ]p I h en bpw A hv IqmWv.

^nenss\nItlmtmnse hntZi IpSn

tb m cn G hpw Iq Sp X^n en ss \n I fm Wv. H c ew. A Xn G sdbpw kv {XoI. hoptPmenmcmbpw ]pdw ] Wn bn se k lm bn I fm bp amW h scp Xv. IpnIsf kvIqfn se n p I, km [ \ hmp I, {]m b am b Ip Spw _mw K sf bm {X I fn A \p K an pI, hn t\m Z bm {X I fn Ip nI sm w t]m hp I Xp S nb `m c an m ] Wn I. ap p

Im e v ] cn Nm cn Isb ho n ep dp ] Xn hn m bn cp p. A hF hn sS sb n epw Np cp p Iq SWw. Fm Ctm Ahv{] tXy I Xm a k e ap s nte A[nIrX cpsS A\paXn e nq. sNdnb th X \sa Xn \p ]pdsa hn{ia thfI AetmesSppIbpw ssewKnI kqN\ I tf p I bp sa Zp cn Xn\v \SphnemWv Nne themcn I sf n epw. A bm n ] Z hn

tlmtmnse nenss\nI

p dw A \p h Zn sSm hn ep I.

^n en ss\n th e m cn F Aw Xcp s^bv bpMv hnfntcnemWv Ah AdnbsSpXv. ]gsmgpv Ip afnnhopSaIfpsS a ]cnlmk cqt]W _p apbn Fpw hnfnpw. B In sS Iv p I fm bpw Fn \o b am cm bpw hn h c km tXn I hn Zym hn Z Kv [ cm bpw Ip td^n en ss \nI fp v. [\ Imcy taJ e bn epw F u nw Kv cw Kpw \n b a hn m K n epw Np cpw Nne cpw. \mn sNdnb tPmenbph Ah[nsbSpv tlmtmn se n ]Ww k m Zn v aS n tm Ip h cp ap v. Rm b dm gvNIfn mNyp kvIzbdn Hp

IqSn AhnsS sbmcp an\n ^nensskv krjvSnpp. thUvsshUv luknepw apamWv AhcpsS Xmak tI{o IcWw. AhnsS sNdnb ISI \Sppapv. {In kv Xy hn izmkn I Iq SpX em b A m p Im Rm b dm gv N] n I fn epw I p ap p p.

Ctmt\jymIp Sn tb m cn c mw m

\w C tm t\ jy m m Wv. HtIm ew hcp AXn 90

i X am \ hpw h \n X I. 1960 I fpsS Xp S w ap X em bn cpp H gp vI\w sh Xv. Nne tI{fnBacns thcpI ]nWp In S pw t]m se C tm t\jym HpIqSpp. AXp Itm AhcpsS ]gb {]knUv kplmtXmbpsS ]mn Nnw B acambncppsh v shdp sX Hm p. ^n en ss \n I fn\n v hyXy kv X am bn \ ap smcp tmsS bm Wv Ctm t\jy ho p th e m tlm tm n

se p I. B dp am kw \ofp ] cnioe\ hpw `mjm ]T \ hpw Ah scIq Sp X kzo Im cy am p p. A\u ] Nm cn I irw J e bn eq sS bmWv Ah \mntev ]WsanpXv. ]ns kplrp\m n te v t]m Ip tm gpw. 1988ssN \ m cn I s Xn sc P m bn ep m b ssI tb w tlmtmv `cWtI{ns ISphn a i \ n \n S bm n. F m Ctm t\ jy sXm gn em fn I tf bpw

Xn cn b p sa `o j Wn bp ap b


^nenss\n themcnF Aw Xcp

s^bv bpMv hnfntcnemWv Ah AdnbsSpXv. ]gsmgpv Ipafnn hopSaIfpsS a ]cnlmk cqt]W _p apbn Fpwhnfnpw. BInsSIvpIfmbpw Fn\obamcmbpw hnhc kmtXnI

hnZym hnZKv[cmbpw Iptd^nenss\nIfpv. [\Imcy taJebnepw FunwKv cwKpw \nbahn`mKnepw Npcpw Nnecpw


38/74

n. F m B Zy s hm in bn ]nsA b hp m bn. {] Jym ] \w ]n h en s p.tlm tm n ep G gv C kv em anIv kv Iq fpI C tm t\ jy Ip n I v h en b XpW bm Wv.

B {^n m cm I s I\ i co c hpw H bp b n bp kw km c hpw I Spw \n d ap h kv {X fpw A Xn se m ap] cn Iq w Iq am bp \ S hpw sI mv tlm tm n \pnse Idp `qJ WvUw t]msebmWv. "BtKm f h c W ns Xmgv A w' F v] d bm dp sNdnb _n kn \ p Ifn em Wv A

hcpsS {][m\ {i. NpnMv amken Iptd B {^n I S I fpw Xm a k m cp ap v.ssN\ bp sS hnI kzc cm Py fp am bp {]thi \ ]m{X amW sX v ]dbsSpp. AanX hne bnm ssN \o kv D] hen b k lm b am bn cp Xp B {^n mtlm tm n s\ c mw ho Sm bm Wv ] cn K Wnp Xpw.

B{^n qJWvUwB {^n Sq dn k n s ] dp Zo k I fn se

mmWv tlmtmv. hns\ Ivkvt]m Gjys]k^nIv F, taJebnse kwcw`w aZy

{] Z i \ n s bpw hn \ bp sS bpw Ip Sn]p cm W ] X bp Xm Wv. C m e b fhn B {^n Sq dn k n \pw a Zy n \pwsN dnb a p ]n Sn pw. s] Kzn s sXm en`m K hp am bn _ ap A h cp sS _o ] Xn\m bn c fm Wv cp Nn p I. B {^n m cpsS cm {Xn PohnXn s {] [m \ Xp d BIm i fn se m m Wv tlm tm v. ac W ns a Ww ] n b sh h kv {Xap t] n mhpw A h a Zn p I. Nn _p Ip, Dw tIzmw t_mn _o dp I fpw e n pw. ] c cm K X am bnhm n sb Sp p Dw tIzmw t_m n v hn e

Ip d hm Wv. t]m n Pn F C cp p ]m {X

n hon\p]pdv NqSmpIbmWv BZy]Sn. ]ns ]mIambti jw tKmaKmtKmF dn b s Sp h en b ho I fn te v H gnpw. tN em I w, hn hm lw, i h kw kv Imcw, s]mXp IqSntc XpSnb k`fnemWv Cu _o hnfpI. tlm dphm F kn \nabp sS XpSw _o Km \tm sS bm sW Xv tlm tm n \nmW dn Xv.

Cybpw ]mnkvXm\pwIm e w C y m cp v tlm tm

n. 1841 P\ph cn 26\v {_no jv IogS ens kqNIambn \S AhcpsS ]XmIbpb NSn\v 2700 Cy ssk\nIkm n bm bn cp s{X. tlm tm n s Nne ASnm\ ineIfn Cy HmI ]n]nSnv InSpv. tlmtmv kh I em im e, tlm tm v Bv jm Mv lmbvt_ nw Kv tIm]tdj, ms^dn XpSn b h sb mw A Xn s km y . C cpcm Py fpw X n ep hm Wn Py _ w ZrV X c am p Xv 1952 cq ]o I cn C ytN Hm^v sImtagvkv. tlmtmnse dtm dp I fn 15 i X am \ hpw C y m cp

tS Xm Wv. C tm A [ym ] I cm bpw tbm K] cn io e I cm bpw Ip td t cp v. B Zy Im ev Cy m pw {_n o jv ]m kv t]mmbn cp p.

] Xn \ m bn cw ]m n kv Xm \n I fn 37 iXam \ n e [nIw A hn sS P \n h cm Wv. G hpw D b \nc m Wn Xv. ] s m ]Xmw \q m n IhS IepIfnse sXmgnemfnIfneqsSbmWv ]mnkvXm `mKp\nphcpsS IpSntbw. 1829\ptijw hmWnPy_w IqSpX iambn. samtdmtmbvBbncpp AhcpsS {][m\ CSw.

(Xp S cpw)



39/74


Rms\ n\v Ae n ens hgnsXc s Spp Fv F\n

dnbmwt{]Xw _m[n h sf tmse, Zn\

h\m c fn Ae sX ns\ dnbmw

]t AsXmw Fs\,Rm

XXz Nn I \mb Nm Xn tbmSp]dbpw?

thiym Kr l fn P\np s]Ip n I Hcn epwKXn ]nSn n Fv Bfp I ]dbp Xv Rm ]e tmgpw tIn

pv. tami am b X msX asmpwAh {]Xo n t Xn. hy`n Nmc s p dnp am{Xw tIp sImmWv Ah hfcpXv. Abmhs, ktlmZcnamcmhs BcnepwAhv ImWm Ign bpI A] am\ ns DZm l c W am{Xw.\ IpSpw _ n ]nd ps]Ip n I fpsS nXn CX.Ah kz`h\fn \nv HmSntmbn hgn ]n g p p sh nAXn\v Hcp \oXo I c W hp an.BSns\ AdppXp t]mseAhsc AdptXmWv. IgpvIWvTn p Xn\v apv Hcp Xpnshw t]mepw sImSp cpXv.

Rm KWn I mhrn kzoI cnm CS bmb kml Ncyw hni Z amp n s n ap ]e s]Ip nI sfbpw t]mse Imam knsImv Rm\ Xn\v Cd n n cn Xm sWv P\w Icp Xm CS bpv.ka b n\p sIn p hn Sm XpsImv Rm ]c ]p cp j msctXSn bn d n b Xm sWv Ah

[cnpw. Hcm fpsS IqsS tmbn

aokm aplZv lmZn dpkvhhnh: F.sI Ap aPoZvv

Nn{XoIcWw: kKo

D{am Hm Pm BZm 2


40/74


Abm Dt] n tmthsd sbm cm tfm sSmv As\ b s\ Cu sXmgn en...]e tmgpw C s\ bm Wtmkw` hn m dp Xv. AXn \mCs\ hnNm cn p hscIp s Sp m \m hn. Xd hm

n ]nd F{Xtbm `mcy amscbpw s]a sfbpw CusXmgn en Gs h cmbnF\n dnbmw. ]e kml N cyfmWv Ahsc AXntev\bn Xv.

Hv, \ Imev sInbm cn Xm v Ign bm Xp sImv.

cv, s]asf Ahvk X a m Bs nepw]nSn t]n p Xn \m.{]mbtam ap nXn K XnItfm ]cn K Wn msX hhpw ]nSn p sIm Spv_m[yX Hgn hm m \mWv Nnecn Xm sf nepw {ian pXv. `m m cp ambns]mcp sp t]mhm \m hnF dn bp tXmsSbmWvs]IpnI Ahsc Dt]np t]mhp Xv. AIm en hn[ h I fm bn o cp h `mKy h Xn Isf n thsd`m msc Inpw. As

n sNp NmSpI NoIqp sI p I fn emhpw. AhsXcp hn Fn s Spp.

]t Fs Imcy nkw` hn Xv CsXm p a.`mKyw sI P am bn cppFtXv. hn[n G]n{]lcw Fs s]cp h gn bnsIms np. ]m] nshgn b msX Fs apnthsd amK ap m bn cp n.

sIm m cpsS Xmh f am bncpp RfpsS hon

\npw A[nIw AI se bm Znhm Jms hoSv.eJvt\m hnse Pbn en hj Abm Ign p Iq n bnpv. Rm ]dbp kw`h \S p ImevBsctbm kzm[o \nv AbmPbn en \np ]pd p hnt Dm bn cp pq.

Fs At\mSv XomXocm ]I bp m bn cppZnhm Jm\v. Abmss^km _m Zn Ad n em b

tm AbmfpsS kz`m h sp dnp kmn ]d bmRfpsS {]tZiphscA[n Im cn I hnfn np.Fs A\pw Dm bn cppAq n. kXy k \mb Hcp km[p a\p jy \m bn

cpp Fs A. ]cnipJp B ssIbn sImSp psImv sh m c aPnkvt{Sv Bm]np: ""PtaZm FtmSp kXyw ]dbWw. Znhm Jm Fs\ bp BfmWv?'' FsA X\n dn bp sXmwkXy k ambn ]dptInp. B kmn sam gnbpsS _e n emWv ZnhmJms\ Pbn en te b Xv.

Znhm Jms DnInSv ]I aqp. Pbn en\np ]pdp h tm]Icw hom Abm Xocp am\np. Hcp Iqw {]mhp IsfAbm hmn hfn.Fn v Ahsb D]tbmKnvFs As {]mhp Isf]nSnp. Ahsb Xncnp In m\mev AW sImSpmsavA ]dp. Abm F vAW Bhiysp.

Hcp Znhkw sshIptcw

A tPmen Ignp hcp Xn\p apv Rm hoSn\p shfnbn en d n b Xm bn cpp.Atm ]pfnacns Nphn Znhm Jm \npXp Ip.

""tamtf, hcq! \ns ARm\p am bp CS ]m sSmsXop.'' Abm FtmSp]dp.

""{]mhp Isf \o XncnpsImp h p sImq.''

B sIWn bn Rm

sNp NmSn. Abm fpsS IqsSRm Abm fpsS hon tept]mbn. Rm AIp ISXpw Abm hmXn e SpXmgnp. Rm Ae dn hn fnm t\mn sb nepwAbm Fs hmbn ]gpWn Ipn n cpIn. HcpXw sImv Fs ssII]nd In _np Fs Xdbn tep Xn.

]nhm Xn Xpdv Abm]o _Ivjns\ hnfnp. cp

t]cpw IqSn Fs s]mnsbSpv Imfhnbn shvHmSnp t]mbn. Imf I ]dp I bm bn cpp.

sNIp mam cpsS \J qns] \n lm b bmb Ccbm bn cpp Rm. Znhm

Jm Xs Imap p In Sbn Fs AansRcnp. F\nv izmkabm t]mepw Ign n.AbmfpsS ssIbn HcpIn Dm bn cpp. AbmfpsS tNmc p I sIme]m X I n\p Zmlnp. Rmac hn p t]mbn.

Anabn Nppw Ccpv]cp. ioX mp hoimXpSn. Fs Fp hsc achnp. Rm XWpp hndm XpSn. Fs Iapn hoSns Zriy sXfnp. Ip I fn \nvNpSp I o Ihn fp I fn eqsSHen n dn. tPmen Ign p hcp A Fm bn SpwFs Xnc p Xn s\ pdnp Rm\mtem Nnp. As\ Snv \ne hn fn p pmhpw. Hp a dn bmsX FssImm f Ifn p I bmhpw.

A, A, ktlm Z c,

hoSns hnim e amb hcm,apw, ASp f Fmw FsIap n ann adp.

Znhm Jm Hmtcm \nanjhpw In Imn Fs `ojWn s Sp n sm n cn p IbmWv. GXp \nan jhpw BIn Fs s\p ]nfpsav Rm `bsp.

hmbn Xncp Inb XpWnFSpp If n cp s nepwF\nv Hc cw Dcn bm Sm]n bn.

Rm\n s\ \c InpsImn cns ZnhmJm\pw ]o _Ivjpw cknph am\w ]d bp Ibpw Nncnp I bp amWv. \ ktm jn em bn cpp Ah.Fsbpw Fs A \ amscbpw No hmp I]dv {]mIp p apv Ah.

""Hcp [ocs aI ]{phjw Ign mepw XsFXn cm fn tbmSv ]IcwtNmZnpw Fv ]p h


41/74


]d n pv.'' Znhm Jm ]dp.""t\mntm NmXo, A d XvkXy am sWv Rm\nXm sXfn bn n cnpp. B tUjns aI CtmF{X hnj an p p mhpw!''

""]g sm n ]Xn cn Fv \osXfn bn sSm.'' ]o _Ivjv adp ]Sn]dp. ""\ns Pbn en e S nv]{p hj ambn, At?''

""IrXyw ]{v, NmXo. eJvt\mhnse Pbn en Rms\ p am{Xw IjvSsp! Ctm IjvSmSns Dugw BIgp th dnmWv. Iptd \m Ah \XvA\p`hnpw. CXv Fs BZy Icp\ow am{Xw. Rm\ hs\ sImpw.''

""As\ ]d bm sXSm.''""\o Fs p dnv FmWp Icp Xn

bXv? Rm\ hs\ sImp n s nRm Xbvp ]nd m h \m bn

tmhpw. Rms\mcp ]Tm Wn bpsSt\k Xn bm sW n Rm\ hs\sImWw.''

""\o hmp ]menpw Fs \n dnbmw.''

""Mvlm! \o Imn cpp Itm.''""Cu s]sIm ns\ Fp sNm

\mWv \ns ]cn]mSn?'' ]o _IvjvtNmZnp.

""sImp K dn XpI Xs.AmsXm? Fn v t\cw shfppXn\p apv hon se Ww.''

Cu hmp I tI tm Fs

Ayw ASppsh ImcynF\np kwibw Dm bn cp n.Fs IpIfnse Ip\o hn. lrZb n s]s smcp sImfp \p hsp. ssIIm ep I \nt X \ fmbn. acnns t]mse Fs IgpvIpgp XmWp.

]t B cmks apJv ZbbpsS bmsXm c S bm fhpw Dm bn cpn. adnv Fs s\v I\HcnSn XcnIbmWv B ZpjvSsNbvXXv.

Rm \new ] Xnp.""Cu s]sIm ns\ sImm \o

F s\ bmWv F\nv Iqen XcnI?'']o _Ivjv tNmZnp.

""AsXms Rm AWss]Xop Xcpw.''

""FhnsS \nmWv \n\ Xn\v ]WwInpI?'' ""Rm hnNm cn Xv a s nep amhpw \ns Dtiyw FmWv.''

""ap hgn sbmpw In s nRm {]mhp Isf hnpw. Fnv\ns ss]k Xcpw.''

""\osbmcp a \mWv. Fn\m

{]mhp Isf hnp Xv? asmcp hgnRm ]dp Xcs?''

""]d''""s]mp NmXo, \apo Infp

ns\ eJvt\m hn sImp t]mbnhnmw.''

`bw Fs kwth Z t\ {n b sfXfn f n cpp. Cu Iiva e mcpsS i_vZw Zpxkz]v\nse Ii]nibm bmWv F\np tXmn bn cp Xv.]t ]o _Ivjns hmp IRm ]nSnsSpp. a\m Rm\h\v\n ]dp. as ]nimNns Dnencn s mhpw?

""icn. ka b am hp tm thXpsNmw. \apv bm{X XpScmw.''

""Ipdp t\cw ChnsS \nmw.apn ImWp B ac ns XmsgXo ImWppv. \psS lp In

pXn\v Rm Ipdv Icn kwLSn nmw.'' ]o _Ivjv Icn hmmt]mbn aS n h cp Xn\v apv ZnhmJm Fs sImp I f bptam FvRm inp. F\nv A]kvamcwhXp t]mse bmbn. Rm Ddshnfnp IqIn. {Ip \mb ZnhmJm Fs apJ a Sv {]l cnp. ""hmbaqSv X bn m htf.'' Abm Aedn.""As n Cu In sImv \nsIY Rm Ignpw.'' XpSv hrnsI ]pe`yfpsS sI v AbmAgnp.

]o _Ivjv hfsc Zqsc sbmpwt]mbn p m bn cp n. Hpw sN cpsXv Abm Znhm Jmt\mSphnfnp ]dp. ""AXp sNt,NmXo.''

""icn. icn. \o t]mbn IcnsImphm.''

A] t\cw Ignv ]o _IvjvIp Iptd Icn I fp ambn aS nhp. lp icnsSpn Abm IqpIm c\p \In. lpbn \nv ]pIsb Spv Znhm Jm tNmZnp.

""CXn\v Fp Inpw? BcmWv IhSw Gm Sm n cnI. \ Ipg ns] Snt?''

""\osb n\p t]Sn Ww NmXo?Bcpw \s ]nSn m t]mhp n.eJvt\m hn Ccw I h S sfms Ftmgpw \S p pv. \oAsXms F\np hnp Xtv. IhSw Rm icn bm n smmw. FsAfn bs\ \o Adn bptam?''

""Icow?''


42/74


""AsX. AXm W hs Pohn XamKw. F{Xtbm BIp n Isfbpw s]Ip n I sfbpw Xnsm p t]mbn Ah ]W ap mn bn cn pp.''

""Ah \n tm Fhn sS bpv?''

""eJvt\m hn e msX thsdvt]mhm? Ahs Am bn b shoSv tKmwXn \Zn bpsS A scbmWv. Ah \ hnsS ImWpw.''

""HcmIp nv As ns]Ip nv Fp hne Inpw?''

Ipdp Ignv Znhm JmtNmZnp.

""Ah cpsS `wKn t]men cnpw.''""Chsf sImSp m Fp Inp

sa mWv \o hnNm cn p Xv?''""\qdv. `mKy ap s n \q Xv

Inpw.''""{]Xo p hI bpv NmXo.

]d b N sampwChn. \qdp Inn bm Xs[mcmfw.''

""{ian p Xp sImv tNX sampan. \o Chsf sImnv FpInm \mWv?''

(Xp S cpw)


43/74


a\ns BtLmjw,

an \p p a e bm fnFs n ep sam s tht {] hm kn I pw k tm jnm? C c sam cp \ym bo I c Whp am bn ] e cpw aZy]m \w H cp X ami bvpw kulrZn\pw thnXpSpIbpw {ItaW AXn\v ASnasSpIbpw sNp ImgvN kSI c am bm Wv tXm n b Xv. k m Zyn h en b tNm bp m p Xn epw Ip Spw _ in Yn e am p Xnepw aZyn\p ]v sN dpX .

kn\nam Iwa e bm f kn \n a Im Wm In p

Ahkcsampw {]hmkn aebm fn I ]m gm m dn . tZm l bnse Xntb dp I fn a e bm fw Nn{Xw dn eo km bm I \n bn se ae bm fn I kw Lw tN p kn \nam {Snv ]vfm sN pw.

ASp ]Sn hml\w kwLSnnemWv. ]pw Ccp]Xpw t]cSp kw L amIp tm tZm lbn se m \n km _ p X sthn hcpw. kn\na ImWms\Bh iyhpambn sN m _ v Inn. adnv t_mkv HmSnpw.

t_m kn s\ ho gv m \p \ dp I kwLmw K X s sa \s Sp pw. C m kw L S \I D S ]n d hn sb Sp pw. a e bmfn A tkm kn tb j , a e bm fn Iyq Wn n, Xr iq I yq Wn n,tIm

gn tm S I yq Wn n Xp S n bkw LS \IfpsS t]cn ao nw KpIfpw do k tIm f n {] Xy s Spw.

{Smkvt]mv At] I aXnbm b Im c W fp Xm sW nA Xm Xp Un kn ]v fn am t\ P amHn tijw AUvan\ntev hnSpw.A Uv an am t\ P dpw ]m km n bmte hn Inq. alm kwLS\IfpsS Aw K fm Wv X fp sS kl{] h I sc A n am\ tm sSAt]I Hnp \Ipt_m kn s\ t\m n, ] nt F`m hw D n sem Xp n, Nn cn bpw Xmv byq hpw ] d v A Uvan \n te vIp Xn p a e bm fn H cp '{] kv Ym\w' X s bm Ip p.

Nn{X A]mSn;t\mfnI BSn

tZm l bn h tm gpw D m Ip I em ] cn ]m Sn I fn ] s Spm e m \n se a e bm fn I vHtsd ]cnanXnIfpv.

]p Xp h j B tLm j n \m WvI\n hI Hcp Iem ]cn]mSn A\phZnp InnbXv. Nn{X AcpsSKm \ ta f. Iym n \p ]p d p kn. kn.kn ssa Xm \n bn.

k y tbm sS Xp S nb Km \ taf cmthdpthmfw \op. lnn,aebm fw Km \ fm Wv Iq Sp X em bpw]m Sn b sX n epw ]m In m \n bpw

{Smkvt]mv At]

chandrika 2013 january 12

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