INSTITUTE ST. MICHEL SECOND SEMESTER 2015/2016 JUNE 2016

08H25-11H10 SOCIAL STUDIES EXAM EMIM2 2F AND 2G MRS. OUROUMIS HAND IN YOUR QUESTIONNAIRE AT THE END OF THE EXAM

LAST NAME:

FIRST NAME:

CLASS:

Changes in an urban setting over time : Diest and Seraing

Diest is a city that has experienced significant development over the

centuries. In the 20th century, this development led to transformations of

the space that you will be able to highlight in the first part of the exam. In

the second part, you will be able to highlight a series of elements that

have contributed to the rich heritage of this city.

Population density in Belgium in 2010

Part 1

Diest's spatial disposition and changes in the organization of this space

I. Location of Diest and Seraing

1. On the map on the previous page, which numbers correspond to the

following cities:

Brussels: .............. Namur: .............. Ghent: .............. Charleroi: ..............

Liege: .............. Antwerp: .............. Arlon: ............ /7

2. On the map on the previous page, colour the boundary between the

Walloon and Flemish regions. /3

3. How far is Diest from Brussels and from Seraing? Show your

calculation (Approximately)

…………………………………………………………………………. /2

4. Complete the following table:

Administrative divisions

Diest Seraing

Province

Region

/4

5. Certain areas in Belgium are densely populated. The following (the

map on the previous page) map highlights three. Suggest a way to

name each of the three spaces.

1=________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

2=________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

3=________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________ /3

II.

Spatial organisation - based on the observation of documents 1, 2 and 3

6. What is the name of the type of view and the angle of view used for

the DOC. 1? ........................................................................................ /2

7. What does the line (AXB) at the bottom of doc. 1 represent?

.................................................. ................................................................./1

8. Several types of spaces are identifiable. Name the spaces (environments

corresponding to the numbers on the doc 1.)

(1)............................................. ..................................................

(2) ..............................................................................................

(3)................................................................................................ /3

9. On doc. 1, the citadel of Diest is marked with an X. Give an (observable)

reason why the citadel was built at this location.

................................................................................................... ..... /1

10. The 3 documents allows you to observe the extension of the habitat

around the city.

a. What name do we give to this phenomenon?

........................................................................................................... /1

b. This extension is not done uniformly. The development is more important

in the SE (South –East) and in the SW (South-West) and less important in

the E (East).

- Give two elements that promote the development of housing South of the

city.

____________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________/2

Give an element that hinders (prevents) the development of housing to the

East of the city.

_________________________________________________________/1

III. Evolution of the occupation of space

- based on the observation of document 3 (The two views illustrate the

same portion of space near Diest)

11. Specify the orientation of these views in relation to the citadel.

.................................................. .................................................. .........../1

12. What is the distance between the motorway and the entrance to Diest

town center (R26 / N2 crossing)? .................................................. ............/1

13. Major changes are visible with regard to the occupation of space in the

production and residential functions.

a. Using the reference system (grid), identify a box where you observe a

growth in the residential function.

.................................................. ............................................................ /1

b. Using the reference system (grid), identify a box where you observe a

growth in the production function (industrial / commercial).

.................................................. ............................................................ /1

14. We observe the growth of the production function (industrial /

commercial) between 1979/1990 and 2013.

List two factors that favor the occupation of space for this function.

...............................................................................................................

....................................... ....................................................................... /2

15. If housing, industry and businesses take up more space, which sector

will see its space decrease?

.................................................. ........................................................... /1

16. The evolution of the occupation of the observable space on doc. 3

occurs almost everywhere in Belgium. Based on your knowledge, list three

factors from the 19th century and / or the 20th century which favored this

evolution

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................../3

Part two – Diest's time frame and changing lifestyles

I. Living conditions in different environments

1. The following texts highlight the fact that the living conditions of

workers are very bad in Flanders.

Flanders was an agricultural region. In 1847, almost 80% of the land was cultivated and 44% of the inhabitants were linked to the land. Potatoes and rye were the staple food. On average, farmers ate only 8 kg of meat per year (bacon and organs) and 325 kg of potatoes. The winter of 1844-45 was severe. Rapeseed is destroyed. Instead, they plant potatoes that cover a much larger area than usual. In July 1845 the first symptoms of the potato disease appeared: downy mildew (microscopic fungus that destroys the plant). In a few weeks, the scourge invades Belgium. Flanders is particularly affected since it was the main producer and consumer of potatoes. Over 90% of the crops are destroyed. The year 1846 was just as disastrous: downy mildew continues to destroy potatoes and rust, another microscopic fungus that attacks cereals, destroys half of this production. The number of poor already very important before the crisis, is growing sharply, hunger riots are raging. In 1846-1847, an epidemic of typhus spreads and in 1848-1849, cholera mows the poorest. The agricultural situation will improve towards the end of the century. According to Jacques Nagels, The economic situation of Flanders and the Flemish movement, in Cahiers Economiques de Bruxelles, Vol. 45 - n ° 4 winter 2002, pp. 100-101.

Between 1840 and 1960, half a million Flemish people left for Wallonia in search of a better future. In 1947, there were 750,000 people of Flemish origin in Wallonia, many of whom worked in the coal mines. According to some sources, one in five Walloons has Flemish roots. If in the 19th century Flanders is poor, Wallonia is a paradise with its coal mines and its steel industry. http: // deredactie. be / cm / vrtnieuws.francais / magazine / 1.1565447

a. What industry can you identify in the first text?

............................................................................................................. /1

b. Give two elements which show that living conditions were bad in

Flanders in the 19th century. .................................................................

............................................................................................................... /2

c. The Flemish population reacts to these poor living conditions. Based

on the texts, name two reactions: ..........................................................

............................................................................................................. /2

3. Based on your knowledge, name the phenomenon that changed the

way of life in Seraing in the 19th century.

.............................................................................................................. /1

4. Child labor is no longer a reality in Belgium today. Based on your

knowledge, list two things that helped this change.

................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. /2

II

Population development in Diest and Seraing

The graph below illustrates two clearly different growths. They reflect the

evolution of lifestyles.

5. Indicate the approximate number of inhabitants in the following table:

Population 1835 1935

Diest

Seraing

/4

6. Based on the information provided in the texts on the previous pages

and on your knowledge, locate the stated events in time.

You can imitate the way in which industrialization and

deindustrialization were represented in Seraing.

/4

7. Write a sentence that highlights a link between the evolution of the

population of Diest and one of the events located above.

....................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................/2

III. Diest historical heritage

8. On the timeline below:

a. Colour and limit the period corresponding to the Middle Ages.

/1

b. Which century marks the end of this period? Use Roman numerals.

............................................................................................................ /1

9. Based on your knowledge, list 3 characteristics of the medieval urban

environment.

- ..............................................................................................................

- ................................................................................................................

- .............................................................................................................. /3

10. Identify two characteristics of the medieval urban environment in the

documents in the documentary portfolio.

Observable characteristics Document number

/2

Observe documents 4, 5 and 7b and complete the following table:

Document used From the XIII century to the XVI century, trace of the past or later work?

Type of document

Doc 4

Doc 5

Doc 7B

/6

12.

From the documentary portfolio, information indicates which function in

the list is the original function and the current function of the monuments.

List of functions: residential, entertainment, commercial, military,

cultural, religious, administrative and health.

Monument Original function Current function Since..

Moat around the fortification (Douves)

Military Entertainment 1945

The Beguinage

The Covered Cloth Hall

Saint Elisabeth Hospital

Encorbelled house

/10

13.

Based on all of the answers, check the correct statements below:

o Diest is a Flemish city which has preserved its heritage, in

particular by assigning it new functions.

o Diest is a Flemish city which has had a rich industrial past,

which has enabled it to conserve its heritage.

o Diest experienced a serious agricultural crisis in the 19th

century, which contributed to the migration of part of its

population.

o Like most cities in Belgium, the ramparts around Diest were

demolished in the 19th century to make room for new

neighborhoods. /2

Glossary:

Beguine : woman, most often single or widowed, belonging to a

religious community, but without forming vows (movement which

appeared at the end of the 12th century).

Cholera: an acute intestinal infection caused by bacteria that can

cause life-threatening kidney failure.

Moat: ditches filled with water, surrounding castles or important

buildings.

Mildew and rust: microscopic fungi that destroy the plant.

Seaside resort: place of stay located by the sea or any other place

with baths and fitted out for the reception of holidaymakers.

Typhus: a disease transmitted by the louse, characterized by a

high fever and which can kill more than 6 out of 10 infected people.

Sources

Doc. 1 Opened Flanders - Aerial photo Vlanderen, GDI-Flanders,

http://www.geopunt.be.

Doc. 2 Opened Flanders - Flood risk zones . GDI-Flanders,

http://www.geopunt.be.

Doc. 3 Opened Flanders - Compare maps: aerial photo Vlanderen, winter

2013 - color / Aerial photo Vlanderen, GDI-Flanders, http://www.geopunt.be.

Doc. 4 Engraving representative "La ville de Diest en Brabant assiégée par

les Français", , 1577-1587, de BNF.fr.

Doc. 5 Opened Flanders - Protected monuments GDI-Flanders,

http://www.geopunt.be.

Doc. 6 Photographie de Céline Demoustier, December 2014.

Doc. 7a Photographie de Céline Demoustier, December 2014.

Doc. 7b The access to the information on the site of the Diest [and similar],

[consult December 5, 2014]. Available at http://www.diest.be/.

Doc. 8 The APRES: Memoirs of Courses of the Academy of Sciences and the

Commonwealth of Brussels ..., Tome 14, M. Hayet, Brussels, 1841, page 101.

Doc. 9 Photograph the Céline Demostier. Diest - Justice de paix. In: La Régie

des bâtiments, http://www.buildingsagency.be/realization

messages_fr.cfm?key=195.

The documents in the exam

Maps of Belgium, Belgian Committee of Geography, National Atlas of Belgium

- 3d edition ,Commission of the Atlas of Belgium, http://www.atlas-

belgique.be/.

Conditions de vie en Flandre - text 1 D’après Jacques Nagels, The Economic

Situation of the Flanders and the Movement Flamand, Dance of the Cahiers

Economics of Brussels, Vol. 45 - No. 4 Hiver 2002, pp.100-101.

Conditions de vie en Flandre - text 2 Vlamigrant: a flamboyant expo sur

l'immigration. In: FLANDRE

INFO.BE,http://deredactie.be/cm/vrtnieuws.francais/magazine/1.1565447.

Conditions of Seraing - texts 1,2 Naissance and the industrialization

development. Center for Animation and Research and Workers History.

http://www.carhop.be/expos/Seraing/naissance.html.

Population evolution 1831- 2012 in municipalities, districts, provinces and

regions http: //www.npdata. be / BuG / 190-Population-municipality-1831-2012

/ Municipality-1831-2012.html.

Portfolio of documents

Document 1

Document 2

Document 3

Document 4 Engraving representing Diest

"The city of Diest in Brabant besieged by the French", publisher and author

unknown, 1577-1587, http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/ btv1b84007400 /

f1.zoom.

Document 5

The medieval ramparts, present from the 14th century, are replaced by

new constructions (1837-1854) which are part of the protection of the

new Belgian territory: twelve bastions, six gates, a complete system of

moats and locks, the Fort Leopold and the citadel. The defense belt was

put out of service in 1896. In 1929, the city became the owner of most of

the ramparts and began demolition. After the Second World War, new

districts could be built outside the historic center of the city. Part of the

moat was transformed into a seaside resort in 1945, which in 1978

became the provincial recreation area "De Halve Maan".

Text recomposed from information from the city of Diest website.

Document 6 Document 7a The Beguinage of Diest

Document 7b

The Beguinage of Diest was founded in 1253 by Arnold IV, Lord of Diest. The entrance gives access to the houses which housed around 300 Beguines in the Middle Ages. Since 1928, they have left this place. A national law of 1931 protects the beguinages and a decree of 1995 for their restoration as a monument. Since December 2011, the former premises of the convent have become a cultural center.

Document 8 The covered market for cloth (hall)

The 14th century was the time when Belgium became the center of manufacture and trade of cloths. It was during this period […] that most of our cities built covered markets(halls,) vast warehouses of raw materials and products of Belgian manufactures. The great hall of Diest was built around 1316 […]. From: Mémoires crownées par l'Académie royale des sciences et belles lettres de Bruxelles ..., Tome 14, M. Hayet, Bruxelles, 1841, page 101. This building has become, since the 1980s, a village hall and an exhibition hall.

Document 9 Hospital Saint Elisabeth

Saint Elisabeth Hospital is one of the most remarkable buildings in the

city. It was erected in 1250. In 1982, hospital activities ended. The

buildings have been renovated. Since 2003, the Diest Justice of the

Peace and Courthouse has occupied them.

DIEST - Justice of the Peace, Régie des Bâtiments, Service release,

Brussels, June 2012.