changes on the western frontier (chapter 5) 1. demise of indians on great plains 2. americans...
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Changes on the Western Frontier(Chapter 5)
1. Demise of Indians on Great Plains2. Americans Continue to Migrate West3. Life in the Old West
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What became of the Indians who were living on the Great Plains?
• Native Americans lived on the Great Plains (west-central United States)
• They lived a simple family life; the horse & buffalo were important resources
• White settlers moved in and fighting broke out (Sand Creek Massacre, Little Big Horn)
• Ritual Ghost Dance (to bring back buffalo) led to Battle of Wounded Knee
• Forced assimilation gave Native Americans land to farm (Dawes Act)
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Why did the American people continue to migrate to the west?
• From 1866-1885, cattle drives (cowboys) became big business (Chisholm Trail)
• Central Pacific & Union Pacific built the transcontinental railroad (began during Civil War)
• Railroads sold land to settlers & Homestead Act of 1862 offered free land to settlers
• In 1889, Oklahoma gave away over 2 million acres of land (huge land rush)
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What was life like in the old west for settlers and farmers?
• With few trees people lived in sod houses (limited light and lacked fresh air)
• Tight-knit families worked hard to survive (made everything they needed)
• New inventions (steel plow, new reaper) and the Morrill Acts improved farming
• Farmers faced low crop prices, cut in money supply, & high transportation costs
• Farmers united to fight for reforms (Grange, Farmers’ Alliances)