changing facets of wind energy
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The Changing Facets ofWind Energy
A
SEMINAR
BY
K Bhanu PratapUNDER THE GUIDANCE
OF
Prof P S Bhambare
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ARMY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DIGHI HILLS, PUNE-4110152004-2005
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WIND
The air at motion is what we callWind
Which in turn is effected by
many factors like:
Global Geography
Local Geography
Man-made Structures
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the influence ofGlobal Geography
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Permanent Wind Belts
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the influence ofLocal Geography
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Localities Near Water Bodies
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Hilly Terrain
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Peaks and Valleys
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The Windiest Sites
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the influence ofMan-made Structures
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Surface Roughness
Surface
Roughness
introduces
turbulence in
winds andeffect their
pattern
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The Vision
The energy stored in winds promised toserve the needs of the civilization
Which led to the development of the earliestof the machines, which date back to 2000 B C
Step by step the human race had reached thepresent stage of development
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The Wind Machines
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The Wind Machines
During the stages of their Metamorphosis avariety of machines evolved
These were classified asHorizontal Axis Machines
Vertical Axis Machines
These could be further classifiedasDrag type
Lift Type
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Horizontal Axis Wind TurbinesHAWTS
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Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
Drag Type Lift Type
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Component Layout
...the white box view
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Component Layout...the black box view
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Mechanisms and Working
Yaw Control Mechanism : Gear System
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Pitch Control Mechanism
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Flat Rating Curve
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Forces Acting on Rotor
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Flow Pattern
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Off-Shore Wind Farms
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Increasing Rotor Sizes
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Limitations
limited suitable terrain
off-shore installations hazardous for navigation
large blades are cantilever loaded extensive foundations required for each turbine
five megawatt turbines: the limiting possibility
blades are subject to 1/rev fluctuations in loading
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Vertical Axis Wind TurbinesVAWTS
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Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
Drag Type
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Anemometer
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Savonius Rotor
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Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
Lift Type
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Spiral Formed Type(windside model)
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Darrieus
Rotor
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Evans Rotor
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Giromill
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VAWTs for Giga-Watt Power
Under Considerationone-gigawatt power generating station
comprising identical
ten-megawatt vertical-axis wind turbines
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The Bright Future Ahead
the blade-sections pass through a relatively
uniform wind-velocity
subject to minimum fatigue loading.
the blades are catenary loaded
blades are neither twisted nor subjected to
oscillating loads
permitting employment of simple composite
fabrication techniques
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RETScreenTM
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WIND FARM DESIGN
Factors System Characteristics
System Losses
Annual Energy Production
Cost Analysis - Wind Energy Project Feasibility Study
Socio-Economic Factors
Engineering
Renewable Energy (RE) Equipment Balance of Plant
Annual Costs
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Pros and Cons
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Avian Mortality
Visual Impacts
Noise
Shadow Flicker
Interference with Radio Signals
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Promisinga
Better Future
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ThankYou
Queries?