chap 10 governance

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Ch 10 Governance

Good Governance●

Is an essential element of any well-functioning society.● ensures eective management of resources and deliverance of

services to citizens● provides social legitimacy to the system.● is critical to translating Plan outlays into signicant outcomes on the

ground.● ensure the optimal use of natural resources which are sovereign

wealth under sovereign ownership

FOCUS AREAS IN GOVERNANCE / to ensure Good Governance1. Systemic improvements, which increase the eectiveness of

government plan expenditure on new programmes.a. competition, simplify transaction, ICT, transparency, integrity

pacts, reducing discretion, supervision, accessibility & responsiveness,

monitoring complaints, reforming civil services, risk mgmt, audit, proactive

vigilance on corruption, intelligence gatheringsource ! "nd #$C ! ethics in

governance%". improvements in customer satisaction on the delivery of services

by government agencies.. !erception o corruption and what we can do to tacle it.

Improvin" the e#ectiveness o p$an pro"rammes

●

public expenditure in the last few years has increased dramatically○ ! % $a&h crore have been spent on the 1' ma(or

F$a"ship pro"rammes during the "leventh Plan period● a large part of this is aimed at promoting the welfare of the weaer and

more vulnerable

Need

● for an in-depth review to #udge the "ectiveness of these schemes● to promote and encourage decision maing without delay to promote

efciencies and to prevent cost overrun where ma#or development pro#ects

are concerned● to ensure that the administrative system and ethos protects civil

servants, who act bona de, and in good faith.

key lacuna

● is that implementation continues to be in a business-as-usual mode,

while these new programmes demand a new architecture based on

innovative practices

Change in 12th FYP

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# number of changes are being instituted in the architecture of implementation of 'lanprogrammes in the T(elfth 'lan to overcome the universali)ation (ithout *uality +U without Q’- syndrome.

Strengthening Local Institutions

● $ ey diagnostic conclusion for lac of success of Plan programmes is that● these are designed in a top down manner and do not eectively

articulate the needs and aspirations of the local people, especially the most

vulnerable.● several functions were transferred to Panchayati %a# Institutions &P%Is'● (ut institutionally, the P%Is remain wea and they do not have the

capacity to plan or implement programmes eectively.● resources to the )inistry of P%I increased more than 10 times than

previous *+P .○ *rom an th Plan allocation of / crore to a 0 th Plan

outlay of ),*+% crore,● also strengthen the fabric of Indian democracy at the grass-roots.● 1nly strong P%Is can ensure eective implementation of PESA 1996

and ST&OTFD Act ● Ra(iv Gandhi !anchayat Sasha&ti&aran A,hiyan meant for

strengthening human resource and systems capacities of P%Is

● 2he potential power of the NR-. lies in the economies of scale created by 345

*ederations &comprising 678077 345s each'.● bul purchase of inputs &seeds, fertilisers and so on' and

mareting of outputs &crops, vegetables, mil, 92*Ps and so on'.● 2hey can also provide larger loans for housing and health

facilities to their members by tying up with large service or loan providers.● $ variety of insurance services can be made available through

this route, including life, health, livestoc and weather insurance.● It has also been shown how doing business with S/G

Federations can help public sector ban branches in remote rural areas

● atershed Committees and ater Users Associations need strengthening,

as do the Forest !rotection Committees

Social Mobilisation

The eperience sho(s● socially mobilised and aware community act as a decisive determinant● :ocal communities, left to themselves, will not necessarily allow the

poor, ;alits, $divasis and women, to express themselves● presumin" that this i$$ happen automatica$$y2 is a myth that

actua$$y hurts the poor● active participation of local people, especially women, is essential for

success of demand-driven and bottom-up programmes such as )59%"5$,

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specific provisions are being made in each flagship programme for dedicated time and humanand financial resources for social mobilisation

● 2he new 1perational 5uidelines for )59%"5$, for example, provide

that those○ blocs where either 3 /7 ? of the

population 1% the annual )59%"5$ expenditure was more than 0crore in any year since the programme started, will mandatorily have

at $east three C$uster Faci$itation 3eams &


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● promoting art, culture, environment protection and other forms of

public enAuiryC

9ational Policy on the Eoluntary 3ector

● 2he 2welfth Plan should institutionalise the 5oint Consu$tative

Groups6Forums65oint .achineries recommended by the 9PE3 in all formsof planning, right from the grass-roots levels up to the level of


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depending on the reAuirement of the 3tate● $ll


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Cutting(ege level o) implementation

● use of modern technology to improve transparency, access and

eDciency of Plan programmes○


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2hough it has ,een hi"h, but has remained almost at the same level.● 2he fact that perception o corruption has increased is a dierent

issue and reGects the conseAuence of greater transparency and awareness.● 2he best way to prevent corruption is to have simp$e procedures,

○ which do not provide scope for interpretations M provide

minimum scope for such malpractices○ 2his would reAuire large use of e-governance and other

technologies○ transparent procedures in award of government

contracts, government procurement and award of licences.● 2he economic reforms successfully eliminated discretionary decision

maing in areas such as industrial licences and import licences.○ Jith the lowering of taris and abolition of license and

permits, the transaction costs went down dramatically and this led to

an enormous reduction in corruption

Ci&il Ser&ices' #eor$s

● *irst, the service should be young and the recruitment should, tae

place around 0 years of age.● $%< %eport on %efurbishing of Personnel $dministration@3ealing 9ew

4eights

$ccountability

● need to move from goals of meeting expenditure targets in

government programmes to goals of meeting physical targets and, even

more, towards increasin" satisaction of the range of staeholders of

government policy.● private organisations are characterised by Kintensive

accounta,i$ity>, &ie. being answerable to a narrower set of masters in a

focused way'○ "overnments reAuire Ke?tensive accounta,i$ity(more

broader and more representative)>.● In a recent reform initiative, a number of central ministries have

adopted a Resu$ts Frameor&


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● $lready in several areas including power, oil and gas, airports,

telecom and warehousing● %egulators are also proposed in the eld of ater in a number of

states.● 2here is no clear assessment of the functioning of individual

regulators.○ to what extent they are answerable and accountable and

to whom

GE33ING 3/INGS


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sector too.○ In


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● 2he large size of the Indian continent, varied geography, national

features, climate, and eects of economic development and growth process

results in number of riss.● 2hese are clearly both due to natural hazards and eect of human

development process on nature.

National ,a-ards. /nnatural %isasters

● $ccording to a J( study titled K,ational -a.ars /nnatural Disasters+ ,

India losses up to per cent o its G

disasters, and a development process which encompasses a strategy for

mitigation of human misery● + important components of the strategy of disaster managementL

○ rst, integrating disaster management into development

plans○ second, a multi-pronged strategy for the total ris

management○ third, recognition of a need for plan expenditure on

disaster management and preventive measures in addition to

calamity relief fund

Capacity building● *irst, setting up of early warning systems in all hazards prone areas of

the country○ "ective communication systems have to be set up at all

the levels to ensure timely and accurate dissemination of warning

signals to vulnerable communities.● 3econd, *ocusing on disaster ris& reduction in all ma#or schemes

○ "g. safety of the school buildings, especially in

earthAuae prone areas has to be ensured●

chap 10 governance

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