chap 2 cell the basic unit of life
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CHAPTER 2
CELL AS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIVE
Cell
1.The human body is made up of cell. The human body has 50 to 60 trillioncells. But you cannot see them.
2.You can only see them if you use a microscope. Have you see microscope?
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MICROSCOPE
Microscope is to look at cell. It can make a cell look much bigger.
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MICROSCOPE
Microscope is to look at cell. It can make a cell look much bigger.
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MICROSCOPE
Microscope is to look at cell. It can make a cell look much bigger.
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HOW TO USE A MICROSCOPE
1.Put the microscope on a table with the arm toward you
2.Turn the low power objective lens until you hear the click sound
3. Make sure that the low power objective lens is above the hole in the stage
4.Open the diaphragmto the maximum opening
5. Look through the eyepiece , adjust the mirror until you see a bright
6.Put a specimen slide over the hole of the stage. Fix the slides position with the clips
7.Turn the coarse focus knob to lower the objective lens to about 10 mm above the slide
8.Look through the eyepiece. Turn the coarse focus knob to move the objective lensupwards until you can see a clear image
9.Turn the fine focus knob to get a sharp image
10. Turn the high power objective lens until you hear the click sound
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LOOKING AT CHEEK CELL
ApparatusMicroscope, Glass slide, cover slip, methylene blue
solution.Toothpick and needle.
Procedure
1.Put a drop of methylene blue solution on a glassslide (figure 2.4)
2.Scrape the inside of your cheek with toothpick(figure 2.5)
3. Add the scraping to the methylene on the glassslide (figure 2.6)
4.Put the cover slip at an angle of 45 to the glassslide (figure 2.7)
5.Lower the cover slip slowly to avoid getting airbubbles
6.Look at the slide with low power objective lensi.What is general shape of cell?
ii. Does the shape of the cell change?
7.Use the high power objective lens . Look at the cell
i. Do the cell have the same structure?
ii.Draw the label the general structure of thecheek cell
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needle
Cover slip
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Cell membrane
nucleus
cytoplasm
i. Chemical reactions
ii. Stores food
iii. Waste products
i. Control all activity of cell
i. Control substances into or out of cell
An animal cell
ii. Thin layer
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Plant cell
ApparatusMicroscope, glass slide, cover slip, iodine solution, onion, blade, forceps,needle, dropper.
Procedure
1. Cut a small section from the scale leaf of an onion (figure 2.9)2. Use the pair of forceps to pull out of inner epidermal layer3. Spread out the inner epidermal layer carefully on a glass slide and add a drop iodine.4. Lower the cover slip on top of the epidermal layer using the needle
5. Look at the slide using microscope ,. Using the low power objective lensi. What is the general shape of the onion cells?ii. Do the cell look like the cheek cells?
6. Look at the structure of the cells with the high power objective lens. Draw and labelthe structures
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Cell wall
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Nucleus
Cell membrane
i. a thick layer
ii. Supports and givesregular shape
A plant cell
ii. Plant make food by photosynthesis
i. Contain chlorophyll to photosynthesis
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A
E
D
F I
C
HB
G
ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL
DIAGRAM P DIAGRAM Q
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FUNCTION OF THE CELL STRUCTURES
Protects and maintains the shape of
the cell
Controls substances that enter andleave the cell
Controls all the activities of thecell
Stores salt and sugar solution, keepsthe cell turgid
Stores food and waste products, chemicalreactions take place
NUCLEUS
CELL
MEMBRANE
CELL WALL
VACUOLE
CYTOPLASM
CHLOROPLAST Contains chlorophyll - to trap sunlightfor photosynthesis
l
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Water pressure in plant
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COMPARISON BETWEEN
THE TWO CELLS
STRUCTURE PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL
NUCLEUS
CYTOPLASM
CELL MEMBRANE
CHLOROPLAST
VACUOLE
CELL WALL
YES YES
NO
NO
YESYES
YES
YES
YES
YES YES
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TASK SHEET 1 (True/False)State whether the following statements
are true (T) or false (F)
1. The animal cell has a cell wall
2. Animal cells can make their own food
3. The cell wall gives shape to the plant cell
4. Both plant and animal cells have cells membrane
5. An animal cells have vacuole
F
F
T
T
F
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UNICELLULAR AND MULTICELLULAR1. Amoeba , Paramecium, Euglena, yeast and Chlamydomonas are made up of
we call
2. Uni means one
3. Multicellular organisms are made up5. The human body , Animals and most plant are also multicellular organisms
are very small organisms. You can see them with microscope
are example of multicellular microorganisms
AmoebaParamecium
Euglena
yeast
Chlamydomonas
one cell and
unicellular organisms
many cell.
6. Microorganisms
Most microorganisms are unicellular but some microorganisms are multicellular
8. Hydra and spirogyra
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Hydra spirogyra
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PMR 2012
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PMR 2005
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PMR 2011
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Akhir Tahun 2011
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PMR 2012
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DAY DATEORGANISATION OF CELL
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ORGANISATION OF CELL
The cell in the human body have different shape, size and functions.
Muscle cell
White blood cell
enable us to move
Kill the bacteria in the body
Red blood cells
Carry oxygen
Nerve cellsCarry impulse to body
sperm
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Cell
The basic unitTissue
Same type of cells andwork together
Organ
i.Made up of different tissue
ii.Work together to perform a function
System
i.Made up different organ
ii.Work together to perform a function
Organisms
i.Made up different system
ii.That work together
ORGANISATION OF CELL
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ORGANISATION OF CELL
PMR 2012
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HUMAN AS COMPLECS ORGANISMS DATE
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U S CO CS O G S S1. Examples of system in human body
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PMR 2006
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PMR 2006
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Penutup
2. Tasbih Kifarah.
1. Baca Surah Al-`Ashr