chap. 2 meteorological measurements
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Chap. 2 Meteorological Measurements. Be aware of time zones and relation between local and universal time. ASOS Instruments. ASOS locations. Buoys provide important surface measurements over oceans. Especially important for west coast weather and hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chap. 2Meteorological Measurements
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Be aware of time zones and relation between local and universal time
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ASOS Instruments
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ASOS locations
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Buoys provide important surface measurements over oceans.Especially important for west coast weather and hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico
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Rawinsondes are used to measure wind, temperature, and moisture above the surface
New GPS technology
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Rawinsonde locations
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Same sounding on a skew-T diagram
http://www.rap.ucar.edu/weather/upper/
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Radar: the Weather Surveillance Radar 1988 Doppler(WSR-88D)
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A Doppler radar measures:a) Reflectivity factorb) Doppler velocity
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Doppler radar measurements of a supercell stormReflectivity factor, topDoppler velocity, bottom
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Radars can provide real-time rainfall accumulations
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Combined IR satellite image and Dual Doppler radar analysis
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Radar wind profiler, NOAA 404 MHz system
http://www.profiler.noaa.gov/npn/
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Wind profiler locations
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Example of a profiler wind product: time vs. height section of wind
For more information: http://www.profiler.noaa.gov/npn/index.jsp
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GOES satellitePolar orbiting satellite
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http://www.weathertap.com
Lightning is becoming a more common forecast product. Total vs. CG
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Local measurements• Doppler radar with dual polarization (measurements
of internal flows within storms, clear air wind, distribution of rainfall)
• Doppler wind profiler (vertical profiles of wind and reflectivity)– 915 MHz boundary layer wind profiler– Doppler sodar
• Microwave profiling radiometer (vertical profiles of T and moisture)
• Lidar ceilometer (vertical profiles of aerosols, cloud base height)
• Surface measurementshttp://vortex.nsstc.uah.edu/mips/data/current/surface/