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CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects – Magnetic Susceptibility – Implication for Imaging – Water-Fat shift CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects – Magnetic Susceptibility – Implication for Imaging – Water-Fat shift

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Page 1: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR

– Introduction

– SNR

– CNR

– K-space filling strategies

CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects

– Magnetic Susceptibility

– Implication for Imaging

– Water-Fat shift

CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR

– Introduction

– SNR

– CNR

– K-space filling strategies

CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects

– Magnetic Susceptibility

– Implication for Imaging

– Water-Fat shift

Page 2: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Image quality: The art of “trade-off”

Page 3: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

SNR definition

SNR in MRI

Page 4: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Practical SNR measurement

CNR (Contrast to Noise Ratio)

Rel

SI,

rel

CN

R

Page 5: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR

– Introduction

– SNR

– CNR

– K-space filling strategies

CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects

– Magnetic Susceptibility

– Implication for Imaging

– Water-Fat shift

kx

ky

p1

p*1

p2

p*2

Partial k-space sampling

Page 6: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Partial Echo acquisition

TE

Tacq

TE

Tacq

Gx

Partial Echo: pulse sequence

diagram

Page 7: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –
Page 8: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –
Page 9: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Acceleration

Acceleration

Page 10: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Scan Percentage

Scan Percentage

Page 11: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Scan Percentage

Scan Percentage

Page 12: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Scan Percentage

Scan Percentage

Page 13: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Scan Percentage

Page 14: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Scan Percentage

Scan Percentage

Page 15: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Scan Percentage

Scan Percentage

Page 16: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Scan Percentage

Scan Percentage

Page 17: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Scan Percentage

Scan Percentage

Page 18: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Scan Percentage

Scan Percentage

Page 19: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Acceleration

Partial Fourier (half scan)

Page 20: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Partial Fourier (half scan)

Partial Fourier (half scan)

Page 21: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Partial Fourier (half scan)

Partial Fourier (half scan)

Page 22: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Partial Fourier (half scan)

Partial Fourier (half scan)

Page 23: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Partial Fourier (half scan)

Partial Fourier (half scan)

Page 24: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Rectangular FOV

Page 25: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Rectangular FOV

Rectangular FOV

Page 26: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Rectangular FOV

Rectangular FOV

Page 27: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Rectangular FOV

Rectangular FOV

Page 28: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Rectangular FOV

Matrix size

Page 29: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Matrix size

Matrix size

Page 30: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

FOV Size

FOV Size

Page 31: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

FOV Size

FOV Size

Page 32: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

FOV Size

FOV Size

Page 33: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

FOV Size

CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR

– Introduction

– SNR

– CNR

– K-space filling strategies

CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects

– Magnetic Susceptibility

– Implication for Imaging

– Water-Fat shift

Page 34: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Magnetic properties of matter

placed in a magnetic field

Magnetic Susceptibility

Page 35: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR

– Introduction

– SNR

– CNR

– K-space filling strategies

CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects

– Magnetic Susceptibility

– Implication for Imaging

– Water-Fat shift

Page 36: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

In practice…

B pixel

B

pixel

Page 37: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Intravoxel dephasing

Page 38: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Bz

Geometric distortion

Susceptibility artefact

Page 39: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –
Page 40: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

x

B0 homogeneity in the bore

CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR

– Introduction

– SNR

– CNR

– K-space filling strategies

CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects

– Magnetic Susceptibility

– Implication for Imaging

– Water-Fat shift

Page 41: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

H2O and Fat

Water-Fat-Shift

Page 42: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

”in-phase / out-of-phase” evolution

GRE sequences

In-phase / out-of-phase

Page 43: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

In-phase / out-of-phase images

Water-fat shift artefact

Page 44: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

Field strength and water-fat-shift

Fat and water image: Ankle

Page 45: CHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR - Universitetet i osloCHAP 8 Image quality, SNR, CNR – Introduction – SNR – CNR – K-space filling strategies CHAP 9 Off-Resonance effects –

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