chapter 01€¦ · web viewduring the vietnam war, ... the world health organization recommended...

Full file at https://TestBanku.eu/Test Bank for Drugs Across the Spectrum 8th Edition by GoldbergComplete downloadable file at:https://TestBanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Drugs-Across-the-Spectrum-8th-Edition-by-Goldberg

a. ergogenic aids

b. anabolic aids

c. psychoactive drugs

d. designer drugs

ANSWER: cPOINTS: 1

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

https://TestBanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Drugs-Across-the-Spectrum-8th-Edition-by-Goldberg



Full file at https://TestBanku.eu/REFERENCES: p. 3QUESTION TYPE: Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES: FalseDATE CREATED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PMDATE MODIFIED: 11/16/2017 2:42 PM

2. The unintentional or inappropriate use of prescribed or over-the-counter drugs is referred to asa. Drug use

b. Drug dependence

c. Drug abuse

d. Drug misuse

ANSWER: dPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: p. 3QUESTION TYPE: Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES: FalseDATE CREATED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PMDATE MODIFIED: 11/16/2017 2:42 PM

3. The intentional and inappropriate use of a drug resulting in physical, emotional, financial, social, or intellectual consequences is termed _____.

a. drug use

b. drug abuse

c. drug dependence

d. drug misuse

ANSWER: bPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: p. 3QUESTION TYPE: Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES: FalseDATE CREATED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PMDATE MODIFIED: 11/16/2017 2:42 PM

4. According to ASAM addiction is a primary, chronic _____ of brain reward, motivation, memory, and related circuitry.a. disease

b. condition

c. diagnosis

d. misconception

ANSWER: aPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: p. 13QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice


Full file at https://TestBanku.eu/HAS VARIABLES: FalseDATE CREATED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PMDATE MODIFIED: 11/16/2017 2:42 PM

5. The use of illegal drugs is referred to as _____.a. illicit drug use

b. covert drug use

c. Level 4 drug abuse

d. over-the-counter drug abuse

ANSWER: aPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: p. 3QUESTION TYPE: Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES: FalseDATE CREATED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PMDATE MODIFIED: 11/16/2017 2:42 PM

6. Taking a drug to relieve pain is an example of a _____.a. protective factor

b. risk factor

c. positive reinforcement

d. negative reinforcement


7. Any substance that has the capability of altering mood is known as a _____.a. prescription drug

b. biological necessity

c. psychoactive drug

d. physiological drug

ANSWER: cPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: p. 3QUESTION TYPE: Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES: FalseDATE CREATED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PM


Full file at https://TestBanku.eu/DATE MODIFIED: 11/16/2017 2:42 PM

8. Stimuli or events that increase the likelihood of a particular behavior, such as drug use, recurring are called ____.a. triggers

b. reinforcers

c. withdrawal symptoms

d. reactive stimuli


9. Physiological symptoms that appear upon the discontinuation of a drug are called _____.a. withdrawal symptoms

b. neurological bursts

c. detox bursts

d. behavioral projections


10. It is estimated that the economic, societal impact of illicit drugs in the United States is more than _____ annually.a. $700 billion

b. $4 trillion

c. $100 million

d. $250 billion



Full file at https://TestBanku.eu/11. Nearly ____% of older Americans combine the use of alcohol with medication.

a. 1

b. 0.5

c. 75

d. 20


12. Discontinuation of prescribed medication against the prescribing healthcare professional’s advice is considered _____.

a. drug abuse

b. drug misuse

c. drug titration

d. detoxification


13. _____ reduce a person’s risk for drug use behavior.a. Negative feedback loops

b. Protective factors

c. Positive feedback loops

d. Risk factors


14. Family, peers, school, and neighborhood conditions are considered _____ factors.a. external reinforcing


Full file at https://TestBanku.eu/b. environmental factors

c. primary

d. negligible


15. Almost _____ million ER visits were associated with drug use or misuse.a. 2.5

b. 0.5

c. 70

d. 10


16. 6.6 million people over the age of _____ report alcohol dependence or abuse.a. 18

b. 21

c. 12

d. 35

ANSWER: cPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: p. 6QUESTION TYPE: Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES: FalseDATE CREATED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PMDATE MODIFIED: 11/16/2017 2:42 PM

17. Individuals between the ages of _____ have the highest rate of illicit drug dependence and abuse.a. 16 and 18

b. 25 and 35

c. 30 and 38

d. 18 and 25Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Full file at https://TestBanku.eu/ANSWER: dPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: p. 6QUESTION TYPE: Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES: FalseDATE CREATED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PMDATE MODIFIED: 11/16/2017 2:42 PM

18. Adolescents at the _____ risk for drug use are from areas that have fewer educational opportunities and are generally made up of underrepresented racial and ethnic groups.

a. lowest

b. highest

c. most modest

d. closest to negligible


19. Alcohol consumption rates by fraternity and sorority members were found to be _____ than those of non-Greek-affiliated college students.

a. the same

b. statistically negligible

c. significantly lower

d. significantly higher


20. Peer influence has been found to be affected by one’s _____.a. culture

b. birth order

c. grades

d. guardian’s sexual orientation


Full file at https://TestBanku.eu/ANSWER: aPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: p. 9QUESTION TYPE: Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES: FalseDATE CREATED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PMDATE MODIFIED: 11/16/2017 2:42 PM

21. The Aztec, Toltec, and Navajo cultures use psychedelic substances to achieve an altered state for its ____ effects.a. cognitive

b. medicinal

c. spiritual

d. sleep-inducing


22. Subscribers to _____ believe the Tree of Life mentioned in the bible was a marijuana plant.a. Catholicism

b. Rastafarianism

c. Hindu

d. Aztecan


23. During the Vietnam war, at least _____% of enlisted men used heroin, and more than half of them became addicted while in Vietnam.

a. 35

b. 50

c. 10

d. 20

ANSWER: a


Full file at https://TestBanku.eu/POINTS: 1REFERENCES: p. 11QUESTION TYPE: Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES: FalseDATE CREATED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PMDATE MODIFIED: 11/16/2017 2:42 PM

24. Individuals affiliated with religious groups, schools, and government institutions are _____ to use drugs.a. more

likelyb. less likely

c. unable

d. pressured


25. _____ includes a physical dependence upon a drug, but also encompasses characteristics associated with drug abuse such as the inability to stop using a drug; failure to meet work, social, and family obligations; and tolerance and withdrawal.

a. Drug abuse

b. Drug compulsion

c. Drug addiction

d. Drug fixation


26. More than four decades ago, because it evokes a lower level of condemnation/judgment, the World Health Organization recommended using the word _____ for drug addiction.

a. use

b. dependence

c. abuse

d. interdependence


Full file at https://TestBanku.eu/ANSWER: bPOINTS: 1REFERENCES: p. 12QUESTION TYPE: Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES: FalseDATE CREATED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PMDATE MODIFIED: 11/16/2017 2:42 PM

27. People _____ on a drug need to take the drug to ward off withdrawal symptoms.a. genetically addicted

b. mentally addicted

c. emotionally dependent

d. physically dependent


28. _____ is classified as a complex disease that affects the brain.a. Addiction

b. Dependence

c. Interdependence

d. Recurring abuse


29. Low self-esteem, poor interpersonal skills, need for immediate gratification, and impulsivity are _____ characteristics associated with drug abuse.

a. genetic

b. selective

c. personality

d. negligible

ANSWER: cPOINTS: 1


Full file at https://TestBanku.eu/REFERENCES: p. 14QUESTION TYPE: Multiple ChoiceHAS VARIABLES: FalseDATE CREATED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PMDATE MODIFIED: 11/16/2017 2:42 PM

30. Those with a substance abuse disorder tend to _____ the extent of drug use by their peers.a. overestimate

b. disregard

c. underestimate

d. hyperfocus on


MATCHINGa. Drugb. Drug Addictionc. Drug Abused. Drug Dependencye. Drug Misusef. Negative Reinforcementg. Positive Reinforcementh. Primary Reinforcersi. Secondary Reinforcersj. Withdrawal SymptomsQUESTION TYPE: MatchingHAS VARIABLES: FalseDATE CREATED: 11/16/2017 3:11 PMDATE MODIFIED: 11/17/2017 9:46 AM

31. Physical symptoms that appear after a drug is discontinuedANSWER: jPOINTS: 1

32. Reduce physiological needs or are inherently pleasurableANSWER: hPOINTS: 1


Full file at https://TestBanku.eu/33. The intentional and inappropriate use of a drug resulting in physical problemsANSWER: cPOINTS: 1

34. The body adjusts to the presence of a substance and will exhibit withdrawal symptoms if the drug is discontinuedANSWER: dPOINTS: 1

35. A complex disease that affects the brainANSWER: bPOINTS: 1

36. The intentional or inappropriate use of a drugANSWER: ePOINTS: 1

37. Rewarding a positive behaviorANSWER: gPOINTS: 1

38. Any substance that alters one’s ability to function emotionally, physically, financially, intellectually, and/or sociallyANSWER: aPOINTS: 1

39. Removing negative stimulus after behaviorANSWER: fPOINTS: 1

40. Act as signals for the increased probability of obtaining primary reinforcersANSWER: iPOINTS: 1

41. Unintentional or inappropriate use of prescription or over-the-counter drugs is not drug misuse.a. Trueb. False

ANSWER: FalsePOINTS: 1QUESTION TYPE: True / FalseHAS VARIABLES: FalseDATE CREATED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PMDATE MODIFIED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PM


Full file at https://TestBanku.eu/42. Mixing drugs is an example of drug misuse.

a. Trueb. False

ANSWER: TruePOINTS: 1QUESTION TYPE: True / FalseHAS VARIABLES: FalseDATE CREATED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PMDATE MODIFIED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PM

43. The elderly is a group of individuals particularly vulnerable to drug misuse.a. Trueb. False


44. Nearly 20% of older/elderly Americans combine the use of alcohol with medication.a. Trueb. False


45. The high cost of prescription drugs doesn’t affect the way people use the drug, that is, spreading out doses to lesson costs or skipping the medication all together because of the cost.

a. Trueb. False


46. Intentional, inappropriate use of a drug resulting in physical, emotional, financial, social, and/or intellectual consequences is drug abuse.


Full file at https://TestBanku.eu/a. Trueb. False


47. A combination of both protective factors and risk factors play a role in whether an individual is more or less likely to abuse drugs.

a. Trueb. False


48. The elderly use the least amount of prescription and over-the-counter drugs of any population in the United States.a. Trueb. False


49. Only environmental factors make up protective factors and risk factors.a. Trueb. False


50. Almost 2.5 million emergency rooms visits were associated with drug use or misuse.a. True


Full file at https://TestBanku.eu/b. False


51. In the United States, 6.6 million people over the age of 12 report they have some level of alcohol dependence or they abuse alcohol.

a. Trueb. False


52. Far more people suffer from gambling addition than drug and alcohol dependence combined.a. Trueb. False


53. It is said that the rising cost of living is one of the factors that contributes to stress on the family, which in turn can create a risk factor for drug use.

a. Trueb. False


54. Simple curiosity is a common reason individuals try drugs.a. True


Full file at https://TestBanku.eu/b. False


55. It is a myth that boredom is a risk factor for drug use.a. Trueb. False


56. Euphoria after drug usage is an example of negative reinforcement.a. Trueb. False


57. If taking a drug relieves pain, this is an example of negative reinforcement.a. Trueb. False


58. Some argue that drug use to seek pleasure is a protected right set forth in the Declaration of Independence.a. Trueb. False

ANSWER: TrueCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Full file at https://TestBanku.eu/POINTS: 1QUESTION TYPE: True / FalseHAS VARIABLES: FalseDATE CREATED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PMDATE MODIFIED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PM

59. Regardless of age, peer pressure is a huge risk factor for drug use because all age groups place the same value on the opinions others hold of them.

a. Trueb. False


60. College students living in Greek housing (fraternities and sororities) have much higher rates of alcohol consumption than do those living outside of Greek housing.

a. Trueb. False


61. Define and give examples of drug use, misuse, and abuse.ANSWER: • Drug use: intentional use of a mind-altering substance for any reason.

• Drug misuse: unintentional or inappropriate use of prescribed or over-the-counter drugs (ex., using cough syrup to get high).• Drug abuse: the intentional and inappropriate use of a drug resulting in physical, emotional, financial, social, or intellectual consequences (ex., regularly using cough syrup to get high and committing crimes in order to procure cough syrup)

POINTS: 1REFERENCES:

p. 4

QUESTION TYPE:

Essay

HAS VARIABLES:

False

DATE CREATED:

11/16/2017 2:38 PM


Full file at https://TestBanku.eu/DATE MODIFIED:

11/16/2017 2:42 PM

62. Compare and contrast drug dependency and drug addiction.ANSWER: • Drug dependency refers to a physical dependence on the drug and when the

drug is discontinued, a person will experience withdrawal symptoms• Drug addiction refers to the compulsive use of a drug, regardless of the negative consequences that occur from taking the drug.


pp. 12-14

QUESTION TYPE:

Essay

HAS VARIABLES:

False

DATE CREATED:

11/16/2017 2:38 PM

DATE MODIFIED:

11/16/2017 2:42 PM

63. Explain what reinforcers are and also the difference between a primary reinforcer and a secondary reinforcer.ANSWER: • Reinforcers: stimuli or events that increase the likelihood of a particular

behavior• Primary reinforcers: stimuli or events that reduce physiological needs or are inherently pleasurable such as food, water, and sex• Secondary reinforcers: stimuli or events that act as signals for the increased probability of obtaining primary reinforcers such as money. Although money doesn’t provide immediate pleasure, it can be used to secure a primary reinforcer.


p. 15

QUESTION TYPE:

Essay

HAS VARIABLES:

False

DATE CREATED:

11/16/2017 2:38 PM

DATE MODIFIED:

11/16/2017 2:42 PM

64. What factors affect, or are inherent in the 18- to 25-year-old age group that predispose them to having the highest rates of drug abuse? Can anything be done to change this?ANSWER: Answer will vary.

POINTS: 1QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short AnswerHAS VARIABLES: False


Full file at https://TestBanku.eu/DATE CREATED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PMDATE MODIFIED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PM

65. Substance abuse is very costly to society. The public health-care costs related to substance abuse provided through Medicaid exceed $4 billion. What do you think the roles of the individual, family, community, and government are in dealing with substance abuse?ANSWER: Answer will vary.

POINTS: 1QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short AnswerHAS VARIABLES: FalseDATE CREATED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PMDATE MODIFIED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PM

66. Key risk factors to drug abuse have been identified as lack of parental supervision, poor social skills, availability of drugs at school, community poverty, and parental abuse of drugs. In contrast protective factors that prevent drug abuse are parental monitoring and support, positive relationships, school antidrug policies, neighborhood pride, and parents reinforcing nonuse of drugs. What are some steps that can be taken by individuals, households, schools, and communities to begin diminishing risk factors for drug abuse?ANSWER: Answer will vary.

POINTS: 1QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short AnswerHAS VARIABLES: FalseDATE CREATED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PMDATE MODIFIED: 11/16/2017 2:38 PM


chapter 01€¦ · web viewduring the vietnam war, ... the world health organization recommended...

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