PTHA 1513FUNCTIONAL ANATOMYWeek 1: Lecture 1 Elaine Wilson, PT

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Today’s Theme Song 2

Welcome to the Spring Semester!!!

Goals for Today3

Review the course syllabus Define commonly used anatomic and

kinesiologic terminolgy Describe common movements of the

body Analyze the planes of motion and axes of

rotation for common motions

Syllabus Review4

Expectations for Functional Anatomy

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CHAPTER 1Basic Principles of Kinesiology

Kinematics7

Translation Rectilinear motion (straight line) Curvilinear motion (curved line)

Rotation (movement of body about an axis) Active movements

e.g., flexing an arm over the head Passive movements

e.g., resistance of a stretched ligament

Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Kinesiology Terminology8

Anterior: toward the front of the body Posterior: toward the back of the body Midline: an imaginary line that courses vertically

through the center of the body Medial: toward the midline of the body Lateral: away from the midline of the body Superior: above, or toward the head

Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Kinesiology Terminology – cont’d

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Inferior: below, or toward the feet Proximal: closer to, or toward the torso Distal: away from the torso Cephalad: toward the head Caudal: toward the feet, or “tail” Superficial: toward the surface (skin) of the body

Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Kinesiology Terminology – cont’d

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Deep: toward the inside (core) of the body Origin: the proximal attachment of a muscle or

ligament Insertion: the distal attachment of a muscle or

ligament Prone: describes the position of an individual

lying face down Supine: describes the position of an individual

lying face up

Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Osteokinematics11

Planes of motion Sagittal plane: left-right division Frontal plane: front-back division Horizontal (transverse) plane: top-bottom

division Anatomic position Degrees of freedom

Number of planes of motion joint allows

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Osteokinematics – cont’d12

Axes of rotation Anterior-posterior

e.g., hip abduction/adduction Medial-lateral

e.g., elbow flexion/extension Vertical (longitudinal)

Rotational movements, e.g., trunk rotation

Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Osteokinematics: Body Motions

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Flexion Motion of one bone approaching the flexor surface of

another Extension

An approximation of the extensor surfaces of two bones Abduction

Frontal plane movement away from the midline

Adduction Frontal plane movement toward the midline

Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Osteokinematics: Body Motions – cont’d

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Rotation Bony segment spinning about its longitudinal axis of

rotation Internal rotation

Anterior bone surface rotates toward the midline External rotation

Anterior bone surface rotates away from the midline 

Circumduction A circular motion through two planes

Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Osteokinematics: Body Motions – cont’d15

Protraction Translation of bone away from midline in a plane

parallel to the ground Retraction

Movement of a bony segment toward the midline in a plane parallel to the ground

Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Osteokinematics: Body Motions – cont’d

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Horizontal adduction and abduction Shoulder motions in the transverse plane Horizontal adduction: hands come together Horizontal abduction: extremities move away from midline

Pronation Forearm movement that turns the palm

posteriorly Supination

Forearm movement that turns the palm anteriorly

Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Osteokinematics: Body Motions – cont’d

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Radial deviation Lateral hand movement toward the radius

Ulnar deviation Medial hand movement toward the ulna

Dorsiflexion Sagittal plane ankle motion bringing the foot upward

Plantar flexion Sagittal plane ankle motion pushing the foot downward

Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Osteokinematics: Body Motions – cont’d

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Inversion and eversion Frontal plane motions of the ankle/foot complex Inversion results in a medial-facing foot sole Eversion results in a lateral-facing foot sole

Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Osteokinematics: It’s All Relative

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Two perspectives of movement at a joint Open-chain motion

Movement of distal segment of bone about a relatively fixed proximal segment

Closed-chain motion Movement of proximal segment of bone about a

relatively fixed distal segment

Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Homework

Read Chapter 1: Essentials of Kinesiology for the PTA prior to Thursday 01/19/12 course at 9am.

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