chapter 1 basics of oop

8/2/2019 Chapter 1 Basics of OOP

1/20

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING AND

GRAPHICS LABORATORY (OOPCG)

Examination Scheme

Practical: 50 marks

Term Work: 50 marks


2/20

Syllabus

UNIT-I: Introduction to Object Oriented Programming

UNIT-II: Programming with C++

UNIT-III: Classes and Objects

UNIT-IV: Operator OverloadingUNIT-V: Inheritance and Polymorphism

UNIT-VI: Templates

UNIT-VII: Exception Handling

UNIT-VIII: Files and Streams


3/20

ext Books:

. Balaguruswamy, Object Oriented Programming with C++,

Tata

cGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi ISBN 0 07

462038 X.Reference Books:

R. Lafore, The Waite Groups Object oriented Programming in

C++, 3rdEdition, Galgotia Publications, 2001, ISBN 81-7515-269-9.


4/20

nowledge of C Language


5/20

What is OOP?OOP is a design philosophy. It stands for Object Oriented

Programming.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) uses a different set of

programming languages than old procedural programminglanguages (C, Pascal, etc.).

eys of OOP


6/20

What is Procedural Programming Languages/Procedure

oriented Programming (POP) ? Conventional programming, using high level languages.

Sequence of things.

Number of functions.

eys of OOP

Technique of hierarchical decomposition has been used to specify the tasks to be

completed for solving the problem


7/20

What is Procedural Programming Languages/Procedure

oriented Programming (POP) ? Concentration on the development of function.

What about data?

eys of OOP

Data items are placed global.

Global data are vulnerable to an inadvertent change by a function.


8/20

Drawbacks of Procedural Programming Languages/Procedure

oriented Programming (POP) Large program , difficult to identify what data is used by what

function.

Revise an external data structure, revise all functions that

access the data, bugs to creep in. Doesn't model real life problems very well.

Functions are action-oriented and do not really

corresponds to the elements of the problem.

eys of OOP


9/20

eys of OOP


10/20

Object Oriented Paradigm

Motivating factor is to remove the flaws in the POP.

OOP treats data as the critical element in the program

development , does not allow to flow freely around the

system.

Decomposition of the problem into a number of entities

called objects and then built data and function around these

object.

eys of OOP


11/20

eys of OOP


12/20

anguages that are based on classes are know as Object-Oriented.

Eiffel

C++

Modula-3

Ada 95

Java

eys of OO Programming


13/20

Object Oriented Programming as an approach that

provides a way of modularizing programs by creating

partitioned memory area for both data and function that

can be used as template for creating copies of such

modules on demand


14/20

oncepts used extensively in OOP

Objects

Classes

Data abstraction and encapsulation

Inheritance

Polymorphism

Dynamic binding

Message passing

asics of OOP


15/20

Objects Objects are the basic run-time entities in an object-oriented system.

Used to represent any data item that the program has to handle.

Object take up space in the memory and have a associated addresslike a record in Pascal or a structure in C.

When a program is executed the object interact by sending msg to

one another. Each object contain data , and code to manipulate the data.

Object can interact without having to know details of each othersdata or code.

asics of OOP


16/20

Classes Entire set of data and code of an object can be made a user-defined

data types with the help of a class.

Object are variable of the type class.

Any number of objects can be created of that class.

Classes are user-defined data types and behave like the built-in types

of a programming language. Class is thus a collection of objects of similar type.

For example: mango, apple, banana and orange are members of theclass fruit.

Syntax used:

Fruit mango;

asics of OOP


17/20

Data Abstraction and Encapsulation The wrapping up of data and function into a single unit (called class)

is known as encapsulation.

Is the most striking feature of a class.

The data is not accessible to outside world, and only those functionwhich are wrapped in the class can access it.

This insulation of the data from direct access by the program is calledas data hiding or information hiding.

Data abstraction refers to, providing only essential information to theoutside word and hiding their background details ie. to represent theneeded information in program without presenting the details.

Data abstraction is a programming (and design) technique that relieson the separation of interface and implementation.

asics of OOP


18/20

Inheritance Is the process by which objects of one class acquire the properties of

objects of another class.

It supports the concept of hierarchical classification.

asics of OOP

The principle behind this sort of

division is that each derived class

shares common characteristics with

the class from which it is derived.

Provides an opportunity to reuse

the code functionality and fast

implementation time.

When creating a class, instead ofwriting completely new data

members and member functions, the

programmer can designate that the

new class should inherit the

members of an existing class.


19/20

Polymorphism Greek term, means the ability to take more than one form. An operation may exhibit different behaviours in different instances

Behaviour depends upon the types of data used in operations.

The process of making an operator to exhibit different behaviours indifferent instances is known as operator overloading

Polymorphism is extensively used in implementing inheritance.

asics of OOP


20/20

What is OOP?

OOP is a design philosophy. It stands for Object OrientedProgramming. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) uses a different

set of programming languages than old procedural programminglanguages (C, Pascal, etc.). Everything in OOP is grouped as selfsustainable "objects". Hence, you gain re-usability by means of fourmain object-oriented programming concepts.

In order to clearly understand the object orientation, lets take yourhand as an example. The hand is a class. Your body has twoobjects of type hand, named left hand and right hand. Their mainfunctions are controlled/ managed by a set of electrical signals sentthrough your shoulders (through an interface). So the shoulder is aninterface which your body uses to interact with your hands. Thehand is a well architected class. The hand is being re-used to createthe left hand and the right hand by slightly changing the propertiesof it.

chapter 1 basics of oop

Documents