chapter 1 computers fundamentals - o6u e … secondary storage devices d) input devices e) output...
TRANSCRIPT
COMPUTERS
FUNDAMENTALS
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid
Department of Curricula and teaching methods - Computer
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
1-Computers in Your Life
2- Computers in The Home
3- Computers in Education
4- Computer Generation
5- Type Of Computer
6- Hardware / Software
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
Why learn about computers?
Pervasive computing
Also known as ubiquitous computing
Computers have become an integral part of our lives
Basic computer literacy
Knowing about and understanding computers and their uses is an essential skill today for everyone
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
Computers used for a variety of tasks:
Looking up information and news
Exchange e-mail
Shopping and paying bills
Downloading music and movies
Organizing digital photographs
Playing games
Telecommuting
Convergence
The computer has become the central part of home entertainment
Dual-mode mobile phones
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
Six basic categories of computers
Embedded computers
Mobile devices
Personal computers
Midrange servers
Mainframe computers
Supercomputers
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
Embedded computer: Embedded into a product and designed to perform specific tasks or functions for that product
Cannot be used as general-purpose computers
Often embedded into:
Household appliances
Thermostats
Sewing machines
A/V equipment
CarsDr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
Mobile device: A very small device with some type
of built-in computing or Internet capability
Typically based on cellular phones
Examples:
Smart phones
Smart watches
Handheld gaming devices
Portable digital media playersDr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
Personal computer: a computer system designed to be used byone person at a time Also called a microcomputer
Can be desktop or portable computers
Desktop PCs: fit on or next to a desk Can use tower case, desktop case, or all-in-one
Can be PC-compatible or Macintosh
Not designed to be portable
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
Mainframe computer: Powerful computer used by several large organizations to manage large amounts of centralized data
Standard choice for large organizations, hospitals, universities, large businesses, banks, government offices
Located in climate-controlled data centers and connected to the rest of the company computers via a network
Larger, more expensive, and more powerful than midrange servers
Usually operate 24 hours a day
Also called high-end servers or enterprise-class serversDr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
Supercomputer: Fastest, most expensive, most powerful type of computer Generally run one program at a time, as fast as possible
Commonly built by connecting hundreds of smaller computers, supercomputing cluster
Used for space exploration, missile guidance, satellites, weather forecast, oil exploration, scientific research, complex Web sites, decision support systems, 3D applications, etc.
Grid computing: Using the unused processing power of a large number of computers to work together on a single task
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
typical computer system consists of the following major components:
a) The central processing unit (CPU)
b) Main memory
c) Secondary storage devices
d) Input devices
e) Output devices
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
The CPU is the most important component in a computer because without it, the computer could not run software
In the earliest computers, CPUs were huge devices made of electrical and mechanical components such as vacuum tubes and switches.
Today, CPUs are small chips known as microprocessors.
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
b)Main memory
Main memory is commonly known as random-access memory, or RAM.
RAM is usually a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running.
When the computer is turned off, the contents of RAM are erased.
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
c) Secondary storage devices
The most common type of secondary storage device is the disk drive.
A floppy disk drive records data onto a small floppy disk, which can be removed from the drive.
USB drives are small devices that plug into the computer’s USB (universal serial bus)
- CD and DVD drives use a laser to detect the Bits and thus read the encoded data. Optical discs hold large amounts of data
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
d) Input devices
Input is any data the computer collects from people and from other devices. The component that collects the data and sends it to the computer is called an input device.
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
e) Output devices
Output is any data the computer produces for people or for other devices. It might be a sales report, a list of names, or a graphic image.
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
Software
Everything that a computer does, from the time you turn the power switch on until you shut the system down, is under the control of software. There are two general categories of software: system software and application software.
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals
b) Application Software
Dr/ Khalid Abdel- Hamid Chapter1 Computers Fundamentals