chapter 1 culture and intercultural communication 跨文化交际 intercultural communication 杨...

Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication

跨文化交际INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

杨峰主编2012 年


Chapter 1

Culture and Intercultural Communication



• Mind is actually internalized culture.

—Edward T. Hall • We may have all come on different ships, but we’re in the same

boat now.

—Attributed to Martin Luther King, Jr.• I have made a ceaseless effort not to ridicule, not to bewail, not to

scorn human actions, but to understand them.

—Spinoza


Learning Objectives

• understand cultures

• evaluate cultural diversity

• understand communication

• evaluate intercultural communication


Case 1 She Has Three Hands

• Suppose you are the Chinese doctor, if you are communicating with the Canadian physiotherapist, will his words irritate you? How would you respond to the situation?

• What caused their communication conflicts?• What do you think of the different

communication styles of the two doctors?



Culture and Communication D

Intercultural Communication E

Communication C

Cultures within Culture B

Understanding Culture A


While-Class Learning: Text A

• Pre-reading Questions

1. What does the term “culture” or 文化 usually mean to you?

2. How are we influenced by the culture in which we have grown up?


Text A

• Understanding Culture

1. Definition of Culture

2. Characteristics of Culture


Text A: Understanding Culture

• Definition of Culture

Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, norms, and social practices, which affect the behaviors of a relatively large group of people.



• Culture can be viewed as an iceberg


Post-reading Activities

• What are the things can be said to be above or below the water—within or out of our awareness?

• Which of the following are above the water and which are below?



• Characteristics of Culture

a. Culture Is Learned

b. Culture Is Transmitted from Generation to Generation

c. Culture Is Based on Symbols

d. Culture Is Dynamic

e. Culture Is an Integrated System


Characteristics of Culture

a. Culture Is Learned 1) interaction

2) observation

3) imitation



b. Culture Is Transmitted from Generation to Generation 1. Forms of transmission: proverbs, stories, art, etc.

proverbs: Actions speak louder than words. （事实胜于雄辩。）

stories: Aesop’s Fables 《伊索寓言》

art: a symbolic way of communication

2. Numerous carriers: family, peers, media, church, etc.

mass media: books, magazines, newspapers, radio, television and cinema, records, tapes and videos, internet, etc.



c. Culture Is Based on Symbols

1. spoken words

2. written words

3. non-verbal actions



d. Culture Is Dynamic

Cultures change and evolve over time.

Deep structure of a culture resists major alterations.



e. Culture Is an Integrated System

Culture is composed of parts that are related to each other.

March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

It was a worldwide political movement for equality.

It was accompanied by much civil unrest and popular rebellion.

The movement has brought about changes in many aspects of life.

The civil rights movement (1955—1968)


Case 2 The gift

Frank: student Ms. Kelsen: English teacher• Why do you think Ms. Kelsen won’t accept the

gift?


While-Class Learning: Text B

• Cultures within Culture

1. Sub-culture

racial and ethnic minority groups

2. Co-culture

groups or social communities 3. Sub-group

a few people to a major religion,

occupation


Case 3 Hippies

• Youth movement• Listen to psychedelic rock• Embrace sexual revolution• Use drugs


While-Class Learning: Text C

• Communication

1. Definition of Communication

2. Characteristics of Communication

a. a dynamic process

b. symbolic

c. systemic

d. self-reflective

e. transactional


Case 4 Greeting

Li Ping: an English major Miss Jessica Robinson: American

teacher Miss Chen: another teacher

• What went wrong in the case and why?


While-Class Learning: Text D

• Culture and Communication

directly and inseparably linked

1. words communicate meaning;

2. culture gives meaning and provides context for communication;

3. meaning of words are very much influenced by culture


While-Class Learning: Text D

• communication: complex process

1. Each culture has developed a set of patterns that are right and appropriate for that culture;

2. the potential problems and the likelihood of miscommunication multiply when communicating with people from different cultural backgrounds.


Case 5 Introduction

Chu Hon-fei: a Hong Kong exporter

Andrew Richardson: an American buyer

• How do you account for their different impression?

• Does culture play a role in the communication between these two men?


While-Class Learning: Text E

Intercultural Communication• occurs when a member of one culture produces a

message for consumption by a member of another culture

• simply, the communication between people from different cultural backgrounds

• not something new



• Wandering nomads

• Religious missionaries

• Conquering warriors



• Silk Road



• overseas movies

• overseas teachers

• business negotiations


Intercultural Communication

• Challenge: understand and appreciate cultural differences, and translate that understanding into competent interpersonal communication

• frustrating or even unsuccessful: superficial differences

• the greatest problems: the deep structure of a culture

• major theme of this course book: understand significant differences


Superficial differences

• Eat with chopsticks

• Eat with hands

• Eat with utensils


Edward Twitchell Hall, Jr.

• May 16, 1914 – July 20, 2009

• American anthropologist and cross-cultural researcher

• known for high context culture, proxemics, monochronic and polychronic time


Case 6 First Offer

Canadian colleague and I: Heping Liu: a Chinese guide• In your daily life, do you often accept

first offer? If yes, in what situation?


Case 7 Getting Frustrated

Jay: an American businessman in Saudi Arabia

• Why was Jay frustrated in Saudi Arabia?

• What are the differences in norms and social practices between the Saudi Arabians and the Americans reflected in this case?

• What are Jay’s attitudes and responses to the Saudi Arabian norms and social practices?


Thank You

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