chapter 1 form 1 science
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Chapter 1
INTRODUCING TO SCIENCE
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SEKOLAH SULTAN ALAM SHAH, PARCEL G, PERSINT 1, 62520 WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN PUTRAJAYA
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Introducing Science
What is Science?
Science Laboratory
Steps in Scientific Investigation
Physical Quantities and Their Units
Weight and Mass
The Use of Measuring Tools
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What is Science?
Science is the systematic study of nature and how it effects us and our environment.
Important is science.
• Understand ourselves. Knowing how our body work.
• Understand our environment. This helps us to improve the quality of our environment and conserve it for our future generation.
• Makes our life more comfortable.
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Careers in science.
Careers in science
Doctor
Engineer
Architect
Pharmacist
Computer programmerVetenarinarian
Chemist
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Areas of study.
Areas of study
Physics
Geology Astronomy
Meteorology
BiologyBiochemistry
Chemistry
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Science Laboratory
1. Laboratory is the place where a scientist works.
2. Carrying out experiments is interesting and exciting. However, some chemicals used may be dangerous and poisonous.
3. To prevent injury to oneself and others, one needs to know the general rules and safety precautions in a laboratory.
Click here to see the rules and safety precautions in the laboratory.
Click here to see the general laboratory apparatus and their uses.
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Click here to see the hazard warning symbol
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- Never enter the laboratory unless a teacher is present.
- Do not eat, drink or taste any chemicals.
- Always follow the teacher’s instruction.
- Never touch chemicals with your bare hands. Use a spatula.
- Read the label on a reagent bottle before using its content.
- Turn of the bunsen Burner after use.
- Do not pure back any unused chemical into its bottle.
- Do not throw solid wastes into the sinks.
- Wash and keep all apparatus after use.
- Do not run or play in the laboratory.
- Do not taste anything without the teacher’s permission.
- Report any breakages to the teacher.
- Keep the bench clean and tidy.
Rules and safety precautions in the laboratory.BACK
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General laboratory apparatus and their uses.BACK
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BACKHazard warning symbols
SYMBOL EXAMPLES PROPER HANDLING METHOD
Explosive Explodes easily when mixed with other substances Follow instructions given when handling the substance.
Flammable Catches fire and burns easilyKeep away from fire and heat sources
Toxic or poisonous
Causes death or harm to the body Do not taste these substanceKeep under lock and key
Corrosive Causes damage to the skin or eyes upon contractAvoid direct contract with the skin or eyes
Irritant or harmful
Irritates (cause itchiness and rashes) eyes, skin and respiratory system.
Avoid inhalationUse in a fume chamber according to the instruction given.
Radioactive Emits radiation that can destroy body cells/tissues Keep in lead containers
Potassium, sodium, concentrated acids and alkalis, mixture of hydrogen and air.
Petrol, ethanol, kerosene, methylated spirit, white phosphorus, yellow phosphorus.
Mercury, sodium cyanide, hydrogen sulphide, lead, benzene, chlorofrom, bromine
Concentrated acids and alkalis, bromine, hydrogen peroxide.
Ammonia, alcohol, bromine vapour, chlorine, chloroform
Uranium, plutonium, radium, thorium
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Steps in Science Investigation
Identify the problem Forming the hypothesis
Carrying out the experiment Planning an experiment
Analysing and interpreting data Making a conclusion
Writing a report on the experiment
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Physical Quantities and Their Units
Physical quantity SI unit Symbol
Length metre m
Mass kilogram kg
Time second s
Temperature kelvin K
Electric current ampere A
Prefix Symbol Numerical value
giga G 1 000 000 000
mega M 1 000 000
kilo k 1 000
deca da 10
deci d 0.1
centi c 0.01
mili m 0.001
micro µ 0.000 001
nano n 0.000 000 001
pico p 0.000 000 000 001
Prefixes are useful in expressing physical quantities that are either very big or very small.
A physical quantity is a quantity that can be measured
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Weight and Mass
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