chapter 1 introduction. content definition of crystal and mineral definition of crystal and mineral...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 1
Introduction
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Content
Definition of crystal and mineral What is mineralogy? Major directions of investigation Some preliminary advice
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Definitions
Crystal Homogeneous chemical
compound with regular and
periodic atomic arrangement
Not restricted to minerals - most solid matter:sugar, cellulose, metals, bones, DNA
Mineral Naturally
occurring chemical
compound
Most, but not all, minerals are crystalline(some exceptions are opal, mercury, amorphous mineral products from radioactive decay)
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What is mineralogy?
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What is mineralogy?
The study of minerals Previously - simple definition Today - boundaries opened and overlap other
sciences Glaciology – ice (a mineral!) Medicine (biomineralogy) - Apatite, carbonates,
oxalates, urates Cement industry – non-natural cement minerals Environmental sciences – minerals formed by waste
alterations or contaminated water interactions
This course: Rock and ore-forming minerals – small subset of 4000
known minerals
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Major directions of investigation
Main purpose Characterize of properties and chemical
compositions Conditions of mineral formation
Economically important - define resources & exploration techniques
Solution - problems with man-made products
Relates to crystallography, chemistry, material science, physics – use basic principles
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Basic mineralogy
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Basic mineralogy
Crystal chemistry Physical properties Mineral formation
Crystal growth Processes on earth surface and in
interior Chemical reactions, influence of T and P
Relationships between structure, composition, properties, habit, conditions of formation
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Applied mineralogy
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Applied mineralogy
Exploration and ore deposits Industrial mineralogy: cement Gemmology Biomineralogy Minerals as health hazards Mineralogical aspects of material
science and solid-state physics
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Advice
Many new & complex concepts – own judgment
NB - learn mineral names, composition and uses
Useful for practical: Notebook - mineral descriptions
Geological occurrence and rock type Features of major minerals that you have
studied yourself Name, composition, distinguishing features,
application
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Assignment
Blackboard:It’s all done with minerals
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QUESTIONS?