chapter 1 - intro.notebook - browerville public schools 1the diversity of life lesson 1 what is...
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Chapter 1 Intro.notebook
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Chapter 1 The Diversity of Life Lesson 1 What is Life?
ObjectivesList the characteristics all living things share.Explain where living things come from.Identify what all living things need to survive.
ReviewOrganisms living things
All living things have a cellular organization, contain similar chemicals, use energy, respond to their surroundings, grow and develop, and reproduce.
Do nonliving things have some of these characteristics?yes. some use energy and contain chemicals
Do nonliving things have all of these characteristics?no, nonliving things do not develop or reproduce
Look at Figure 1 page 5.What would be considered an organism? Try to identify them.
all of them
1. the fruit of the White Baneberry plant called Doll's eyes in hardwood forests
2. Beetle3. Pretzel slime mold old rotten logs in shaded forests4. Stone Flower South Africa
Video Pearson
Plants are living things so therefore are called organisms.
Lets break down the definition of an organism, 6 characteristics ofliving things.
1. Cellular OrganizationReview
What is a cell?A cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things. A cell is the building block of life.
Everything living is made up of at least one cell
Are all cells alike?No, some small or large, different in a plant than ananimal
unicellularsinglecelled organisms, responsible for carrying out all cells functions
Paramecium
Amoeba Bacteria
multicellularmany celled organisms, cells are specialized to do different jobs to allow you to survive
2. ChemicalThe cells are made of chemicals.Water is most abundant chemical.
3. Use of EnergyOrganisms get energy from taking in food through adsorption or from eating.
metabolismcombination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials
Which organelle helps with production of energy?mitochondria
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4. Response to SurroundingsStimulus
stimuliplurala change in the organism's surroundings that causes the
organism to react
examplelight or sound
Responsean action or a change in behavior when an organism reacts to a stimulus
eyes react to bright lightjump when your scared
5. Growth and Developmentgrowth
the process of becoming larger
developmentthe process of change that occurs over an organism's life
As organisms grow and develop they use energy and make new cells.
6. Reproductionproduction of offspring
Asexual Reproductionone parent involvedproduces offspring identical to parent
examplesbacteria, protists, single cell organisms
Sexual Reproductiontwo parents involvedproduce a new organism that differs from parents
examplesmammals, birds, multicellular
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Name ___________________ Class ___ Date _____ ___ 50 points
1. Discuss differences and similaries between unicellular and mulcellular organisms. (5 points)
2. Find 3 unicellular organisms and 3 mulcellular organisms. (6 points)
Google – list unicellular organisms – once in site, about 15 will be listed.
Repeat for mulcellular.
Do not use paramecium or amoeba as we discussed those in class.
3. Include a picture of each organism and provide the specific name of each organism. (6 points)
4. Answer these quesons about each of your organisms. (18 points)
a. Where do they live?
b. How do they reproduce?
c. How do they get energy?
5. Write a paragraph why organisms are considered living. (5 points)
Format – 10 pointsName Class Date
Font – Typed Size 12 Times New Roman Grammar
Spell Check
Write complete sentences to answer required quesons. Designate Secons in report for each organism – le margined
Indent enre Paragraph below seconSingle space between seconsDouble space between secons
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Where do living things come from?
All living things come from other living things through reproductions.
However, it was believed that living things can reproduce through Spontaneous Generation.
Theory that living things can come from nonliving things.
Franceso Redi, disproved Spontaneous Generation through a controlled experiment.
Have you ever observed mold growing on bread or cheese, where do you think it came from?
It did not arise from the bread or cheese. Microscopic mold spores carried in the air landed on the food and found the rightconditions for growth.
Controlled Experimentan experiment in which only one variable (factor) is different
manipulated variable the factor that the scientist changesindependent variable
responding variable the factor that changes as a resultdependent variable
What do Living Things Need to Survive?Food
need food to get energyorganisms get energy in different ways
autotrophsmake their own foodauto = selftroph = feeder
heterotrophscan not make own foodmust obtain by eating other organismshetero = othertroph = feeder
Waterorganisms need water for cells to perform functions
Living Spacea space that provides food, water, and sheltersome living spaces are large and some are small
Stable Internal Conditionshow your body needs to maintain stable conditions
homeostasismaintenance of stable internal conditions
feeling thirstyhot or coldsome animals have adaptations that allow the organism
to maintain homeostasis
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Lesson 2 Classifying Life
ObjectivesExplain why biologists classify organisms and how they assign scientific names.Describe the organization of the levels of classification.Explain how taxonomic keys are useful.
Your lab How you organize your junk drawer relates to what scientists have been working on to identify living organisms. The process of grouping things based on their similarities is calledclassification.
As of 2011, scientists have described about 2.5 million species of living organisms. However, scientists estimate that between 10 million and 100 million species exist. Believe they have only discovered 86% or the living things. Furthermore, millions of species may have become extinct.
Classificationprocess of grouping things based on their similarities
Taxonomythe scientific study of how organisms are classified
You use this a lot. There is not necessarily a correct way to classify. As long as the groups have similar characteristics, there may be more than one way to classify.
Taxonomy names organisms.
Carolus Linnaeusdevised a system of naming organisms by similar observable
features
binomial nomenclature"two names" contains a genus and a species nameeach organism was given a two part scientific nameboth words written in italics
genusplural generafirst word written with capital letterdescribes closely related features
specieslower casedescribes a specific feature that can reproduce with
each other and their offspring can reproduce
ExamplePerognathus californicus Perognathus nelsoni
Perognathus spinatus
What is the genus name?What is that telling us?What is the species name?
HomeworkClassification Packet
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What are the levels of Classification?
The classification system is hierarchical (consists of levels).8 levels
begins with a broad group of shared characteristics andends with the smallest and most specific.
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Strigiformes Notice as you movedown the levels of
Family Strigidae classification the number of organisms
Genus Bubo decreases.
Species Bubo virginianus
Do Kids Pick Candy Over Fancy Green Salads
Kingdoms
Three Domains of Life
Bacteria and Archaea are unicellular organisms that have no nucleus. Organisms with cells that contain nuclei are called Eukarya.
AssignmentFind an organism that you are interested in and complete tasks:
1. List all 8 levels of classification DomainKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies
2. Picture3. Type
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Keys
Dichotomous Keys are another name for a taxonomic key. It means two parts. Consists of a series of paired statements that describe a characteristic of an organism. It will become more specific as you move down the key.
Look at page 2021. Identify the animal. Yes you may already know the names but follow the key so you understand the process.
First RowTick, Scorpion, Spider
Bottom RowMillipede, Pseudoscorpion, Centipede
HomeworkKey Practice Worksheet
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Kidney Pinto Navy Brown
Lentil Soy BlackLima
Corn Green Split Pea Yellow Split Pea Blackeye
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Lesson 3 Domains and Kingdoms
Objectives:Explain how organisms are classified into domains and kingdoms.
Lab Which organism goes where?
Page 22 My Planet DiaryBees 19,200Mammals 5400Birds 10,000
How organisms are placed into domains and kingdoms:on their cell typetheir ability to make foodnumber of cells in their bodies
Three Domains of Life:Bacteria
prokaryotes unicellular and lack a nucleus nucleic acids are not contained within the nucleus
located on all surfaces and inside our bodyautotrophs and heterotrophsNot all bacteria is harmful
Lactobacillus acidophilushelp make yogurt and make for people who arelactose intolerant
Archaeaprokaryotes
autotrophs and heterotrophs
chemical makeup different from bacteria
structure of cells differ from bacteria
Eukaryacells that contain nuclei
Eukarya Domain is broken down into 4 Kingdoms
Kingdoms1. Protista
members different from the other kingdoms soplaced into the Protista kingdom
"odds and ends"
2. Fungimulticellularsome are unicellular yeastall fungi heterotrophs most feed by absorbing
nutrients from dead or decaying organismsmushrooms, molds, mildew
3. Plantaemulticellularautotrophs
4. Animaliamulticellularheterotrophslive in a lot of different places
5. Monerabacteriaunicellularprokaryotes