Chapter 1Chapter 1

Leading a Healthy LifeLeading a Healthy Life

Section OneSection One

Health and TeensHealth and Teens

Health Today (DWT)Health Today (DWT)

What does being healthy mean to you?What does being healthy mean to you?

Does it mean:Does it mean:Being physically fit?Being physically fit?Free from disease?Free from disease?Eating nutritious food?Eating nutritious food?

Health in the pastHealth in the past

In 1800s-1900s leading cause of death In 1800s-1900s leading cause of death was “infectious diseases”was “infectious diseases”

Infectious disease are passed from one Infectious disease are passed from one person to another (bacteria).person to another (bacteria).

ExamplesExamples

PolioPolio

TuberculosisTuberculosis

PneumoniaPneumonia

Influenza (The flu)Influenza (The flu)

Advancements in Advancements in

Medicine Medicine Better living conditions Better living conditions

have helped control these diseases.have helped control these diseases.

““Lifestyle Diseases”Lifestyle Diseases”

Today, most health problems are a direct Today, most health problems are a direct reflection of how we live our lives.reflection of how we live our lives.

Caused by partly by Caused by partly by unhealthy behaviorsunhealthy behaviors and and other factors.other factors.

Examples are diabetes, heart disease, cancer Examples are diabetes, heart disease, cancer (some types)(some types)

Health Risk FactorsHealth Risk Factors

All health problems have risk factorsAll health problems have risk factors

A risk factor is anything that increases the A risk factor is anything that increases the likelihood of injury, disease, or other health likelihood of injury, disease, or other health problems.problems.

Risk factors are considered controllable or Risk factors are considered controllable or uncontrollable. uncontrollable.

Risk factors of heart diseaseRisk factors of heart disease

History of heart disease in your familyHistory of heart disease in your familyHigh-fat dietHigh-fat dietStressStressBeing overweightBeing overweightSmokingSmokingLack of daily exerciseLack of daily exercise

Controllable risk factorsControllable risk factors

Risk factors that you can do something Risk factors that you can do something about.about.

Uncontrollable Risk factorsUncontrollable Risk factors

Some risk factors cannot be controlled by Some risk factors cannot be controlled by your behavioryour behavior

Examples include:Examples include:AgeAgeRaceRaceGenderGenderHeredityHeredity

Risk factors and your healthRisk factors and your health

Leading causes of death for teens in the U.S.A.Leading causes of death for teens in the U.S.A. Motor vehicle accidentsMotor vehicle accidents HomicideHomicide SuicideSuicide Other accidentsOther accidents

These 4 make up almost ¾ of all teen deathThese 4 make up almost ¾ of all teen death (MVA) are #1 cause of death for children and (MVA) are #1 cause of death for children and

infants.infants.

The leading cause of death for adults The leading cause of death for adults between 19-65 years of age is “cancer”between 19-65 years of age is “cancer”

The leading cause of death for adults over The leading cause of death for adults over 65 years of age is heart disease.65 years of age is heart disease.

Health Risk BehaviorsHealth Risk Behaviors

There are six types of risk behaviors that cause There are six types of risk behaviors that cause the most serious health problemsthe most serious health problems

Sedentary lifestyleSedentary lifestyle Alcohol and other drug useAlcohol and other drug use Sexual activitySexual activity Behaviors that cause injuriesBehaviors that cause injuries Tobacco useTobacco use Poor eating habitsPoor eating habits

Sedentary lifestyleSedentary lifestyle

Not taking part in some form of physical Not taking part in some form of physical activity on a regular basis.activity on a regular basis.

You do not have to be overweight to live a You do not have to be overweight to live a sedentary lifestylesedentary lifestyle

Sedentary people raise the risk of heart Sedentary people raise the risk of heart disease and diabetes.disease and diabetes.

Alcohol and other drug useAlcohol and other drug use

can lead to liver disease, types of cancer, can lead to liver disease, types of cancer, heart disease, and brain damage.heart disease, and brain damage.

They are also major factors in car They are also major factors in car accidents, physical fights, depression, accidents, physical fights, depression, suicide, and mental disorders.suicide, and mental disorders.

Also big factors in the spread of sexually Also big factors in the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s)transmitted diseases (STD’s)

What are STD’sWhat are STD’s

Diseases spread through sexual activity.Diseases spread through sexual activity.

ExamplesExamplesAcquired immune deficiency syndrome Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

(AIDS)(AIDS)Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Sexual activitySexual activity

Risk behaviors include:Risk behaviors include:

Sexually transmitted diseasesSexually transmitted diseasesUnplanned pregnancyUnplanned pregnancy

Behaviors that cause injuriesBehaviors that cause injuries

Can be eliminated, if you decrease the Can be eliminated, if you decrease the controllable risk factorscontrollable risk factors

Examples:Examples:Wear helmets on all ATV vehiclesWear helmets on all ATV vehiclesWear seatbelts while in carsWear seatbelts while in carsDo not drink and driveDo not drink and drive

Tobacco useTobacco use

Smoking is the single leading preventable Smoking is the single leading preventable cause of death in the U.S.A.cause of death in the U.S.A.

It is a controllable risk factor for heart It is a controllable risk factor for heart disease, cancer, and respiratory disease.disease, cancer, and respiratory disease.

These are 3 of the leading causes of death for These are 3 of the leading causes of death for all age groups.all age groups.

Poor eating habitsPoor eating habits

Can increase you chances of developing Can increase you chances of developing many diseases.many diseases.

Eating foods high in fat increase your risk Eating foods high in fat increase your risk of heart disease, cancer, and strokeof heart disease, cancer, and stroke

You should refer to a food guide pyramid You should refer to a food guide pyramid for a recommended daily dosage of food.for a recommended daily dosage of food.

Section 2Section 2

Health and WellnessHealth and Wellness

Six components of healthSix components of health

To be truly “healthy” you must take To be truly “healthy” you must take care of all 6 components.care of all 6 components.

Physical HealthPhysical Health

Physical health refers to the way your Physical health refers to the way your body functionsbody functions

People with good physical health:People with good physical health:Eat a well-balanced dietEat a well-balanced dietExercise regularlyExercise regularlyAvoids tobacco, alcohol, and drugsAvoids tobacco, alcohol, and drugs Is free of diseaseIs free of disease

Emotional HealthEmotional Health

Expressing your emotions in a positive, Expressing your emotions in a positive, nondestructive way.nondestructive way.

People with strong emotional health can:People with strong emotional health can:Express emotions constructivelyExpress emotions constructivelyAsk for help when sadAsk for help when sad

Social HealthSocial Health

The quality of your relationships with The quality of your relationships with friends, family, teachers, and others you friends, family, teachers, and others you are in contact with on a daily basis.are in contact with on a daily basis.

People with strong social health:People with strong social health:Respects othersRespects othersHas supportive relationshipsHas supportive relationshipsExpresses needs to othersExpresses needs to others

Mental HealthMental Health

Is the ability to recognize reality and cope Is the ability to recognize reality and cope with the demands of daily lifewith the demands of daily life

People with strong mental health are:People with strong mental health are:Free from mental illnessesFree from mental illnessesHave high self esteemHave high self esteemEnjoys trying new thingsEnjoys trying new things

An example of a mental illness is a phobia.An example of a mental illness is a phobia.

A phobia is an irrational and excessive fear of A phobia is an irrational and excessive fear of something.something.

ExamplesExamples Fear of closed areasFear of closed areas Fear of heightsFear of heights Fear of germs etc…..Fear of germs etc…..

Spiritual HealthSpiritual Health

Maintaining harmonious relationships with Maintaining harmonious relationships with other living things and having spiritual other living things and having spiritual direction and purpose.direction and purpose.

People with good spiritual health:People with good spiritual health:Has a sense of purpose in lifeHas a sense of purpose in lifeFollows morals and valuesFollows morals and valuesFeels a unity with other human beingsFeels a unity with other human beings

Environmental HealthEnvironmental Health

Keeping your air and water clean, your Keeping your air and water clean, your food safe, and the land around you food safe, and the land around you enjoyable and safe.enjoyable and safe.

People with strong environmental health:People with strong environmental health:has access to clean air and waterhas access to clean air and waterhas a clean and uncrowded living spacehas a clean and uncrowded living spacerecycles used paper, glass products, and recycles used paper, glass products, and aluminum.aluminum.

Healthy?Healthy?

Being “healthy is defined as balance of all Being “healthy is defined as balance of all the components of healththe components of health

Wellness is the achievement of a person’s Wellness is the achievement of a person’s best in all six components of health.best in all six components of health.

Well fluctuates on a daily basis.Well fluctuates on a daily basis.

The wellness continuumThe wellness continuum

Represents the idea that a person is Represents the idea that a person is neither completely healthy nor completely neither completely healthy nor completely unhealthy.unhealthy.

The higher you reach on the wellness The higher you reach on the wellness continuum, the greater chance you have to continuum, the greater chance you have to reach optimal health.reach optimal health.

exampleexample

Optimal healthOptimal health

Improved HealthImproved Health

Average HealthAverage Health

IllnessIllness

DeathDeath

Influences on your wellnessInfluences on your wellness

Factors that can influence your wellness Factors that can influence your wellness are:are:Hereditary InfluencesHereditary InfluencesSocial InfluencesSocial InfluencesCultural InfluencesCultural InfluencesEnvironmental InfluencesEnvironmental Influences

Hereditary InfluencesHereditary Influences

The traits you inherit from your parents.The traits you inherit from your parents.

These influences are uncontrollable, but These influences are uncontrollable, but not 100 % guarantee you will get them.not 100 % guarantee you will get them.

You can help focusing on controllable risk You can help focusing on controllable risk factors.factors.

Social InfluencesSocial Influences

Influenced by the relationships you have Influenced by the relationships you have with other people (friends)with other people (friends)

Cultural influencesCultural influences

Values, beliefs, and practices shared by Values, beliefs, and practices shared by people that have a common background.people that have a common background.

Environmental Influences Environmental Influences

Your surroundings, the area where you Your surroundings, the area where you live, and all the things you have contact live, and all the things you have contact with are part of your environment.with are part of your environment.

Taking charge of your wellnessTaking charge of your wellness

Three ways you can take charge of your Three ways you can take charge of your health are:health are:

KnowledgeKnowledgeThrough your lifestyleThrough your lifestyleThrough your attitude.Through your attitude.

knowledgeknowledge

Health literacy: knowledge of health Health literacy: knowledge of health information needed to make good choices information needed to make good choices about your health.about your health.

How do you increase your health literacy?How do you increase your health literacy?Health classes in school settingsHealth classes in school settingsResearch health informationResearch health informationRead Journals on health related topics.Read Journals on health related topics.

LifestyleLifestyle

Now you have acquired knowledge on health Now you have acquired knowledge on health issues; therefore, it is time to put it to use, this is issues; therefore, it is time to put it to use, this is known as lifestyleknown as lifestyle

Example:Example: You research that eating healthier can decrease You research that eating healthier can decrease

obesity and cardiovascular disease, so next time obesity and cardiovascular disease, so next time you go to the store, you do not purchase items you go to the store, you do not purchase items that are “unhealthy”that are “unhealthy”

“ “ Health knowledge is useless without Health knowledge is useless without positive health behavior. You must put positive health behavior. You must put what you know into action for it to work”!!!!what you know into action for it to work”!!!!

Section 3Section 3

Health in your communityHealth in your community

Public HealthPublic Health

Is the practice of protecting and improving Is the practice of protecting and improving the health of people in a community.the health of people in a community.

4 ways4 waysMedical advancesMedical advancesTechnologyTechnologyPublic policyPublic policyeducationeducation

Medical advancesMedical advances Is conducted through research.Is conducted through research.

Example is the insulin pump, which is commonly used Example is the insulin pump, which is commonly used with diabetes patientswith diabetes patients

Implanted insulin pumps replace daily insulin shots, Implanted insulin pumps replace daily insulin shots, which are mandatory for the survival of diabetes which are mandatory for the survival of diabetes patients.patients.

If blood sugar level gets low, insulin pumps If blood sugar level gets low, insulin pumps automatically pumps insulin in the body to regulate automatically pumps insulin in the body to regulate the blood sugar level.the blood sugar level.

TechnologyTechnology

Through computers, lasers, and other Through computers, lasers, and other revolutionary technologies.revolutionary technologies.

Ex: glucose meter (diabetes patients)Ex: glucose meter (diabetes patients)Drop some blood on the meter and it reads Drop some blood on the meter and it reads

the amount of glucose in your body and the amount of glucose in your body and automatically supplies that number back to automatically supplies that number back to you.you.

Public PolicyPublic Policy

““government policies” to address health government policies” to address health problemsproblemsExample: tobacco regulationExample: tobacco regulation

The government can place taxes on The government can place taxes on cigarettes, age limits for purchasing, cigarettes, age limits for purchasing, advertisement restrictions, and limitations on advertisement restrictions, and limitations on public smoking facilities.public smoking facilities.

EducationEducation

““health education” has been a key factor in the health education” has been a key factor in the prevention of disease and illness in this country.prevention of disease and illness in this country.

Example: most states require students to participate Example: most states require students to participate in a health education class, while they are in high in a health education class, while they are in high schoolschool

These classes teach you about heath promotion, These classes teach you about heath promotion, health awareness, and health prevention.health awareness, and health prevention.

End of Chapter 1End of Chapter 1

Congrats!!!!Congrats!!!!