© 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1 –Reading and

Writing for Success

By the time you finish reading and studying this chapter, you should be able to: LO1 Read and write to learn. LO2 Write to share learning. LO3 Understand reading and writing

assignments. LO4 Use the traits for reading and writing. LO5 Use graphic organizers for reading and

writing.

Learning Outcomes

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Reading and writing are two important forms of communication that share a special connection. Reflect on that, and then discuss the following questions:1. In what ways are reading and writing

connected?2. What metaphors could you use to

describe the connection between reading and writing?

Opening Activity

© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Reading and Writing to Learn

Reading and writing are both forms of communication. Readers make contact with ideas and

concepts on the page. Writers make contact with their own ideas.

Reading and writing share a reciprocal relationship.

Reading and writing are two very effective learning tools.

© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Strategies for writing to learn: Note taking First thoughts Status check Listing Written dialogues Nutshelling Pointed questions Final thoughts

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Reading and Writing to Learn

© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

• Find a quiet place without distractions

• Identify features of the reading using STRAP

• Gather materials • Know what to look for

• Divide assignment into parts

• Summarize what you learn

• Approach reading as a process

• Note questions

• Use proven strategies

• Review reading and notes

Guidelines for effective academic reading:

Reading and Writing to Learn

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There is a direct link between clear thinking and strong writing.

Writing to Share Learning

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Discussion: What types of writing do you expect to encounter in college?

Writing to Share Learning

© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Writing to Share Learning

• Find a quiet place to work

• Understand dynamics of assignment

• Gather materials • Approach writing as a process

• Identify features of the assignment using STRAP

• Know basics of writing

• Collaborate with others

Guidelines for effective academic writing:

© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Using the STRAP Strategy will help you better understand reading and writing assignments.

Understanding Reading/Writing Assignments

Steps Description

Subject Subject is the person, idea, event, or object being discussed or described. Subject and topic are often used interchangeably.

Purpose

Purpose is the specific reason for the reading or writing. Primary purposes are usually to inform, persuade, or share (entertain).

Audience

Audience is the intended readership for the printed matter that you read or write yourself.

Type Type is the form of a reading selection or piece of writing. Some academic types of writing include essays, reports, summaries, and narratives.

Role Role is what position the writer assumes, such as expert or student. © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Activity Use the STRAP strategy to identify the main

parts of this reading assignment.

Assignment: Read “Incredible Transformation” in the Review and Enrichment section at the end of Chapter 4 in your textbook. This is story behind the evolution of a backward Indian tribe living in the dry and arid southwest part of North America who experienced a “transformative technology” that significantly changed their lives.

Subject: Type: Role:Audience: Purpose:

© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Activity Use the STRAP strategy to identify the main

parts of this writing assignment.

Assignment: For the Comanche tribe, horses were a “transformative technology” that greatly impacted their lives. Write an essay to share with the class describing three specific technologies that have significantly transformed your life.

Subject: Type:Role:Audience: Purpose:

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The key elements of written language help you to understand reading and develop your own writing.

Using the Traits for Reading and Writing

• the foundation that texts are built uponIdeas

• a sensible pattern of organization that the reading followsOrganization

• author’s tone or attitude towards the topicVoice

• specific terminology usedWord Choice

• sentences that flow smoothly and communicate clearly

Sentence Fluency

• rules for grammar, usage, and mechanicsConventions

© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Using the Traits for Reading and Writing

Traits When you read, identify . . .

When you write, develop . . .

Ideas • topic• thesis • supporting details

• thesis or focus• thoughts on the topic• supporting details

Organization

• beginning, middle, and end

• organization of details

• beginning, middle, and end

• logical presentation of details

Voice • level of writer’s interest and knowledge

• interesting, honest, and knowledgeable voice

Word Choice

• quality of words (interesting and clear)

• specific, clear, appropriate words

Sentence Fluency

• effectiveness of sentences (flow and clarity)

• smooth, clear, accurate sentences

Conventions

• to what degree writing follows conventions

• writing that follows rules for grammar, usage, and mechanics

© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Graphic organizers help you map out your thinking for reading and writing assignments.

Choose the one that works best for you and your assignment.

Using Graphic Organizers for Reading and Writing

Time Lines Process Diagram

Line Diagram Venn Diagrams

Cause-Effect Organizer

Problem-Solution Web

Evaluation Chart Cluster

© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Using Graphic Organizers for Reading and Writing

© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Using Graphic Organizers for Reading and Writing

© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Using Graphic Organizers for Reading and Writing

© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Using Graphic Organizers for Reading and Writing

© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Closing ActivityRead the following paragraph, and discuss how the author uses the traits for reading and writing:

It seemed like an ordinary day when she got up that morning, but Lynda was about to embark on the worst day of her life. First, she fell in the bathtub because her mother forgot to rinse out the bath oil. Then, she spilled orange juice on the outfit she had spent hours putting together for school pictures. When she changed, she messed up the French braid her mother had put in her hair. As she walked out the door, she dropped all of her school books, and her math homework flew away. Once she made it to the car, she thought everything would be all right; she was wrong. Her father didn't look before he backed out of the driveway and ran into the neighbor's truck. Lynda's side of the car was damaged the most, and she ended up with a broken arm. That night, she cried herself to sleep.

Ideas: Word Choice:

Organization: Sentence Fluency:

Voice: Conventions:© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.