chapter 1. rfid applications
TRANSCRIPT
2011/8/16
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Chapter 1. RFID Applications
Outline
� Introduction
� Wallmart
� Common uses
� Tracking
� Healthcare
� Military
� Conclusion
� Future trends
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Outline
� Introduction
� Wallmart
� Common uses
� Tracking
� Healthcare
� Military
� Conclusion
� Future trends
Introduction
� RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) provides a
quick, flexible, and reliable electronic means to detect,
identify, track, and hence manage a variety of items.
� The origins of RFID
� In World War II, the British first used it to identify
incoming planes were theirs, not Germany's.
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Outline
� Introduction
� Wallmart
� Common uses
� Tracking
� Healthcare
� Military
� Conclusion
� Future trends
Walmart
� In June 2003, Walmart announced that they would
require their top 100 suppliers to provide RFID tags on
pallets and cases by January 1, 2005, and extend this
requirement to all suppliers by 2006.
� In August 2010, Walmart tried to keep better track of
its inventory by add smart tags or RFID tags, to
individual items in its stores
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Walmart: Industry Pace-Setter
� Pilot implementation in Texas
� Three Distribution Centers (DC) that support
approximately 150 stores (about 5% of the almost 3,000
Walmart stores)
� Walmart also stated that the RFID chip must be field programmable for later implementation changes. Walmart affirmed its commitment the 96-bit EPC standard.
� The tags must be human and RFID-readable. Walmartdesires 100% accuracy on RFID read rates.
reference link: http://www.walletpop.com/blog/2010/07/26/
wal-marts-plan-to-use-smart-rfid-tags-sparking-privacy-concerns/
Outline
� Introduction
� Wallmart
� Common uses
� Tracking
� Healthcare
� Military
� Conclusion
� Future trends
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Shipping and Receiving� Incoming pallets or cartons with smart labels can be
automatically routed for cross-docking or delivery
directly to the manufacturing line.
� Fast-reading RFID enables instant identification of the
shipping container plus all of the individual items inside.
� For shipping, RFID readers can help packers quickly
locate and aggregate all the items needed to complete
an order.
� A field test at one of
Chevron-Texaco's
offshore platforms in the
Gulf of Mexico provides
insights into how RFID
can be used in
shipping/receiving
operations.
� Chevron-Texaco is now
looking at other pilot
projects.
reference link: http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/1324
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Warehousing� Workers scan shelves and bins to automatically detect
storage location of the sought items.
� To detect items that are stored in the wrong location and
alert operators to the problem.
� Enables items to "self-report" their locations, rather than
requiring human intervention to find them, thus reducing
errors, saving labor, and lowering costs.
� When P&G's facility in Spain boosted throughput, the loading dock became a bottleneck.
� RFID increased the speed at which pallets could be loaded on trucks -- and it eliminated mistakes and cut costs
reference link: http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/291
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Production� Work-in-process tracking and routing
� Integrated with industrial control systems to route items automatically
through assembly processes.
� Many automotive manufacturers apply RFID tags to chassis to track them
through painting stations.
� Especially effective for routing and tracking materials in clean-room
applications.
� Serial numbers/lot ID data encoded during manufacturing provides
lifetime tracking and product authentication.
� To verify eligibility for returns and warranty repairs and detect
counterfeit products.
� Maintenance history can be stored on the tag and updated whenever
service is performed.
� Boeing uses RFID tags to
track parts as they move
through its facility in
Wichita, Kansas.
� The system reduces costs
and gives managers
visibility into the parts
pipeline.
reference link: http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/596
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� After deploying an RFID
receiving system,
Paramount Farms cut its
operating costs, improved
its relationship with
growers and avoided
having to invest in
expanding its facilities.
reference link: http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/810
� GM needed to boost
production of its Hummer
H2 to meet demand, but
its manufacturing facility
had limited space for
parts.
� The automaker turned to
RFID to keep the plant
humming.
reference link: http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/1274
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� By integrating RFID with
its new assembly line,
Club Car has cut
production time per golf
car to 46 minutes from 88,
improved its ability to
customize cars—and
saved millions of dollars.
reference link: http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/839
� Johnson Controls makes car and truck seats that must be delivered to automakers in precise order for just-in-time manufacturing.
� The company has deployed a 13.56 MHz RFID system that has proven to be 99.9 percent accurate.
reference link: http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/530
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DHL Worldwide Express� DHL Worldwide Express handles 160 million packages a
year
� RFID program manager Trevor Peirce
� In 2003, standing next to a conveyor belt at its Helsinki gateway,
watching computerized RFID scanners identify packages inside
passing cargo containers at the rate of 300 items per second.
� "This is amazing technology when you see it working, and it's all
fine-tuned."
� CIO Steve Bandrowczak
� "RFID clearly can help customers by reducing inventory cycles,
reducing lead times."
� Reusable supply chain assets often seem to sprout legs and walk off on their own.
� Air Canada used an innovative RFID system from Scanpak to slash unexplained losses and improve food cart utilization globally
reference link: http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/335
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� In Singapore and Helsinki DHL tested it in anticipation
of tracking the 160 million packages it ships annually.
� Managing more than 50,000 inbound freight containers and 30,000 outbound trailers annually is a logistical nightmare.
� But NYK Logistics has found a truckload of savings by using an RFID yard-management system.
reference link: http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/617
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� A project to secure cargo
containers from seaport to
seaport shows that RFID
can track shipments with
100 percent accuracy,
improve safety and
deliver some compelling
financial benefits to
importers.
reference link: http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/743
� Canus, a maker of goat's
milk soap, is deploying
RFID to cut distribution
costs, keep products from
spoiling in transit and
meet Walmart's tagging
requirements ahead of
schedule
reference link: http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/1101
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� By using RFID to track
shipments within its
supply chain, KiMs, a
Danish potato-chip maker,
not only spiced up its
sales but also cut the fat
from its inventory and
workforce.
reference link: http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/964
Event Management� Guests at amusement parks and recreational facilities
wear wristbands or ID tags with RFID chips
� Control/limit access to certain facilities.
� Track of patrons
� e.g., children may become separated from parents. By presenting
their ID tags at "location stations," separated individuals can be
more easily located.
� Cashless payment system
� Cards/wristbands with RFID chips store prepaid monetary value.
� Guests can recharge the card or wristband after the stored value
has been depleted.
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� An RFID locating system gives parents visiting Dolly's Splash Country piece of mind, because kids are always tracked.
� It also gives the park the opportunity to increase revenues by adding services, like cashless payments.
reference link: http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/326
Library, Video Store� Library materials check-in or out without manually
handling and orienting each item.
� Theft detection.
� Portable computers with RFID readers take inventory
and find misfiled materials
� RFID reader automatically detect missing materials and alert the
librarian walking down an aisle of bookshelves.
� RFID readers positioned at doorways to record
transactions and detect shoplifted items automatically.
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� In Singapore's library system, all 9 million books,
videos and DVDs are embedded with antitheft chips,
allowing self-checkout.
� "With bar codes, you need to precisely align the reader
and the tag, but with RFID even old people and young
children can use the system," says library-board senior
development manager Wong Tack Wai.
� Britain's CD.id project shows RFID can be used to track individual music CDs through the supply chain.
� The real challenge is creating a system that benefits everyone, including the retailer that wants to prevent shoplifting.
reference link: http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/283
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� After a national law firm installed an RFID system to track legal files at its Boston location, accuracy in locating files jumped from 35 to 98 percent—saving tens of thousands of dollars in time spent looking for documents.
reference link: http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/977
Retail� In June 2003, Walmart CIO Linda Dillman gave the
firm's 100 top suppliers which provide half the goods on its shelves a veiled ultimatum about the stuff flowing into its 103 U.S. distribution centers. � Vendors who don't use EPC codes on pallets and cases by
2005 could risk losing business.
� "By 2006, we'd like to roll it out with all our suppliers," says spokesman Tom Williams.
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� In Arizona a busy mom with kids charges fast food to
her American Express by flashing a key fob in front of
a plastic box.
� In London the same technology helps retailer Marks
& Spencer track gourmet dinners to prevent spoilage.
� Gourmet take-home foods, supplied to 200-plus stores by
300 providers.
� RFID tags embedded in 3.5 million food trays and dollies,
allowing the company to track the trays and reducing
employee hands-on time 80%.
reference link: http://www.time.com/time/globalbusiness/article/0,9171,1101030922-485764,00.html
� Setup costs for a large company can run from $100
million to $200 million, the efficiencies can amount to
1% of revenues (around $100 million at M&S)
� To reduce losses and boost efficiency, Woolworth has
launched a pilot that uses RFID and other technologies
to track products through the supply chain.
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Cashless Payment
� Exxon Mobil's Speedpass program
� Passive tag on key chain or active tag attached to car
window contains unique identification code.
� RFID reader detects the tag, turns on the pump and
automatically charges the gas purchase to the driver's
registered credit card
� McDonald's now offer similar application to speed
transactions at the counter and drive-thru window.
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“ExpressPay”� Carl's Jr. is testing “ExpressPay”
� Faster lines at the cashier� Reduced backups at the drive-through window have brought in
new customers.
� "It's a no-lose situation," says Jason LeVecke, grandson of the chain's founder.
� "It sure would be easier than fumbling around in my purse," says Tracey Serenka, who had her two sons —Eric, 1, and Jason, 4--in tow at a Carl's Jr. recently.
� Advantage over a credit card� No name or signature on the fob, and the account number differs
from that on the user's regular card, reducing chances that crooks can steal from the account.
Transportation Management� Drivers pay tolls without stopping at toll roads and
bridges
� Transponders that can be read at up to 50 mph (80 kph) are
attached to the vehicle and are read when the vehicle passes an
antenna mounted in the toll collection lane.
� Drivers may either receive a monthly bill or have the toll debited
from a prepaid value stored on the transponder.
� Similar technology is used in public transit to collect bus
and train fare from prepaid passenger fare cards.
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� California FasTrak system uses RFID tags for
electronic toll collection. As vehicle passes through,
RFID reader scans the RFID tag, the information is
used to debit the toll from a prepaid account.
� Octopus Card (Hong Kong) for mass transit.
Arts and Entertainment
� Several museums in Rotterdam are using RFID to
reduce the cost of tracing the movements of works by
Rembrandt, Renoir, Picasso and other masters.
� And for the past two years, Oscar-goers have been
screened and tracked by RFID.
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Expiration Dates of Food in Refrigerator
� With RFID, the family
fridge will tell you when
the milk is spoiled or
you’re out of butter. In
the store, your grocer
will know all. A tag will
help you find Fluffy too
Outline
� Introduction
� Wallmart
� Common uses
� Tracking
� Healthcare
� Military
� Conclusion
� Future trends
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Inmate-tracking� Calipatria State Prison in California
� Monitors guards and inmates with TSI PRISM, a tracking technology using RFID wristbands that look like large diver's watches.
� The surveillance curtails violence.
� Prisoner tracking – Ohio Department of Rehabilitation
and Correction (ODRH) approved (Aug. 2004) a
$415,000 contract with Alanco Technologies to use
wristwatch-sized transmitters that can detect if
prisoners try to remove them.
Animal Tracking
� More than 50 million pets worldwide are tagged with
RFID chips.
� At least 20 million livestock have RFID tags to follow
them for possible disease breakouts.
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Asset Tracking
� Within months of
deploying RFID to
keep tabs on its IT
equipment, Colorado's
vast El Paso County
expects to soon recoup
its investment
reference link: http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/1303
� Large organizations have a hard time tracking assets, like laptops.
� Pilots at one of the largest US government agencies, the Social Security Administration, prove RFID and creative thinking can save money.
reference link: http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/507
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Outline
� Introduction
� Wallmart
� Common uses
� Tracking
� Healthcare
� Military
� Conclusion
� Future trends
Healthcare� RFID on patient wristbands provide tamper-proof, accurate
identification for facility access control and security.
� Many Alzheimer's disease facilities install RFID readers at all their
doors to lock down and sound alarms automatically if patients try to
wander through.
� RFID application in the United Kingdom has eliminated opportunities
for "baby-snatching" or kidnapping to occur on hospital grounds.
� Tracking of medication dispensing, laboratory samples, and blood
bags.
� RFID saves time and improves accuracy because it automatically
records all item movements and does not require human intervention to
scan a bar code or record data on a form.
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� FDA (2004) is determining whether hospitals can use
RFID to identify patients and/or permit relevant
hospital staff to access medical records.
� Lucile Packard
Children’s Hospital uses
RFID to track the location
of its newest patients and
ensure they won’t be
removed without
permission.
� The same system is being
used to track assets.
reference link: http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/purchase/1372
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Pharmaceutical� Blind/vision-impaired
� Compact reading device identifies contents of prescription bottle;
text-to-speech conversion software “reads" the drug contents to
the patient.
� Ensure patients take correct medication. Other information, such
as dosage instructions and drug interaction warnings, may also be
encoded.
� RFID to manage movement of medications and
containers through assembly and packaging lines to
ensure medicines are put into correctly labeled packages.
� Paperless audit trail provides high integrity, accountable
supply chain.
Outline
� Introduction
� Wallmart
� Common uses
� Tracking
� Healthcare
� Military
� Conclusion
� Future trends
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Military
� The biggest user of RFID today
� U.S. military has plowed $272 million into RFID asset
tracking in Iraq.
� The Army Material Command required all air pallets and
commercial shipments for Gulf War II to be digitally
tagged so commanders like General Tommy Franks knew
when and where critical cargo like tanks would arrive.
� DOD (United States Department of Defense) tracks humans with RFID� The Navy's Fleet Hospital 3 kept tabs on wounded
soldiers, civilians and POWS at its 116-bed facility in the Iraqi desert by using wristbands with RFID chips.
� By scanning the wristbands, medical personnel could access treatment and track patients in a central database.
� "In Iraq the real challenge was tracking noncombatants, but ultimately we hope every soldier will have an RFID tag," says Lisa Mantock, president of Texas-based ScenPro, which developed the software.
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Outline
� Introduction
� Wallmart
� Common uses
� Tracking
� Healthcare
� Military
� Conclusion
� Future trends
Conclusion
� Introduction to miscellaneous RFID applications
� Common uses
� Walmart
� Shipping and Receiving, Warehousing and Production
� DHL Worldwide Express, Event management, Library, Video
store, Retail, Cashless payment, Express Pay, etc
� Tracking
� Healthcare
� Military
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Outline
� Introduction
� Wallmart
� Common uses
� Tracking
� Healthcare
� Military
� Conclusion
� Future trends
Future trends� A new report from market intelligence firm ABI Research
forecasts the global RFID market to grow to $5.35 billion in 2010� $4.47 billion excluding automobile immobilization, which is
the largest single RFID application but with a slow growth rate
� a 15% increase over the total for 2009.
� The market is also expected to see steady growth over the next five years, exceeding a total value of $8.25 billion by 2014� $7.46 billion excluding automobile immobilization
� a 14% compound annual growth rate.
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Future trends (cont.)� "To 2014, the greatest growth will be found in RTLS (Real
Time Location Systems), baggage handling, animal ID and item-level tagging in fashion apparel and retail," says Michael Liard, practice director for ABI Research
� Additional growth is expected to derive from expanded RFID use in electronic vehicle registration, electronic IDs, government initiatives, library systems and supply chain management.
reference link: http://news.thomasnet.com/IMT/archives/2010/03/
radio-frequency-identification-rfid-market-projected-to-grow-in-2010-beyond.html